Surindraraja
| Surindraraja สุรินทราชา | |
|---|---|
| King of Phraek Si Racha–Chai Nat[lower-alpha 1] | |
| King of Xiān | |
| Reign | 1062–1100[lower-alpha 2] |
| Predecessor | Srisimha |
| Successor | Suryavamsa |
| Born | 1047 Phraek Si Racha |
| Died | 1100 Chai Nat |
| Consort | Candradevī |
| Dynasty | Padumasuriyavaṃśa |
| Father | Srisimha of Phetchaburi |
| Mother | Suchāvatīdevī |
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
Surindrarāja (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., RTGS: Sirintharacha) was an 11th-century Siamese monarch recorded in the Ayutthaya Testimonies as the ruler of Phraek Si Racha.[8] At the age of 15, he succeeded his father, King Srisimha, at Phraek Si Racha circa 1050. Subsequently, he relocated the royal seat northward and established a new capital, which he named Chai Nat.[9]
Surindrarāja was the younger son of Queen Suchāvatīdevī (สุชาวดีเทวี), the principal consort of King Śrīsiṃha. He had three siblings: the eldest, Jyeṣṭhakumāra (เชษฐกุมาร), who was also born to Suchāvatīdevī but died in infancy, and two half-brothers—Sūryavaṃśa and Anurāja —who were born to the secondary queen consort, Suvaṇṇapabbata (สุวรรณบัพพตา).[10]
Surindrarāja is said to have ruled for 38 years before dying at the age of 53.[11] He was married to Queen Candradevī (จันทาเทวี),[12] though their union produced no issue.[11] Following his death, the throne was inherited by his half-brother Sūryavaṃśa in 1088.[11] His reign is chiefly remembered for the establishment of Chai Nat as a royal and administrative center,[9] and coincided with Pagan dominance over Suphannaphum in 1081,[13]:60[14]:43–4 as well as its subsequent invasion of Xiān at Ayodhya in 1087, which resulted in the death of Ayodhya's king Narai I that same year.[13]:40–1[15]
However, the exact location of Chai Nat, to which Surindraraja moved his seat, remains uncertain. It has been suggested that Phitsanulok was known as Chai Nat during the early Ayutthaya period.[1] Phitsanulok had also served as the seat of Surindraraja's line in an earlier period, during the reigns of the brothers Visnuraja and Vijayaraja, with Vijayaraja being Surindraraja's grandfather.
Notes
- ↑ The exact location of Chai Nat remains uncertain. Phitsanulok has been proposed as a possible identification, as the city was known as Chai Nat during the early Ayutthaya period[1] and had previously served as the seat of this royal line.[2]
- ↑ As Chen Li Fu was likewise centered in the Phraek Si Racha region,[3]:18[4]:15 Chinese historical sources record that the dynasty’s first monarch ascended the throne in 1180 CE.[5]:6–7 This chronological datum serves as a basis for retrospective calculation in determining the approximate period of reigns of the Siamese rulers belonging to this lineage. However, the Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription (K. 766), dated to 1167 CE,[6] suggests that Sri Dharmasokaraja II may have extended his authority northward as far as present-day Nakhon Sawan Province, which would imply that the Phraek Si Racha region likewise fell under his control;[7]:36–39 if this interpretation is accepted, the reigns of the Xian rulers in question must have ended no later than 1167 CE, rather than in 1180 CE.
References
Citations
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "เมืองพิษณุโลก ในทางประวัติศาสตร์มีชื่อเรียกอย่างอื่นอีกสองชื่อ คือ เมืองสองแคว กับ เมืองชัยนาท" [Phitsanulok in Historical Sources: The Alternative Names Song Khwae and Chai Nat]. Art & Culture (in ไทย). 24 August 2024. Archived from the original on 8 September 2025. Retrieved 24 August 2026.
- ↑ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 38.
- ↑ Walailak Songsiri (2025). "ในดินแดนแห่งเจนลีฟู นครรัฐที่ไม่ได้อยู่ในอำนาจทางการเมืองของพระเจ้าชัยวรมันที่ ๗ สู่ปัญหาทางประวัตศาสตร์ที่หาทางออกไม่เจอของสังคมไทย" [In the land of Chen Li Fu, a city-state that was not under the political power of King Jayavarman VII, to the historical problems that cannot be solved for Thai society.]. Lek-Prapai Viriyahpant Foundation (in ไทย). Retrieved 14 July 2025.
- ↑ Walailak Songsiri (2025). ในดินแดนแห่งเจนลีฟูและตามหารากเง้าพระอาจารย์ธรรมโชติ [In the land of Cenlifu and searching for the roots of Master Thammachot] (in ไทย). Lek-Prapai Viriyaphan Foundation. Search this book on
- ↑ O. W. Wolters (1960). "Chên Li Fu: A State On The Gulf Of Siam at the Beginning of the 14th Century". The Journal of the Siam Society. XLVIII.
- ↑ "จารึกดงแม่นางเมือง" [Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription]. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (in ไทย). 8 September 2025. Archived from the original on 2025-12-17. Retrieved 18 December 2025.
- ↑ Chatchai Sukrakarn (October 2005). "พระเจ้าศรีธรรมาโศกราช" [Sri Thammasokaraj] (PDF) (in ไทย). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
- ↑ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 40–3.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 41.
- ↑ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 39.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 42.
- ↑ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 40.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Phra Wichianpreecha (Noi) (1934). Northern Chronicle (in Thai). Royal Society of Thailand. Retrieved 2 October 2025.
- ↑ Thepthani, Phra Borihan (1953). Thai National Chronicles: the history of the nation since ancient times (in ไทย). S. Thammasamakkhi. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023. Search this book on
- ↑ Sujit Wongthes (21 April 2023). "พงศาวดารอโยธยาศรีรามเทพนคร ฉบับ มานิต วัลลิโภดม : อโยธยา เก่าแก่กว่าสุโขทัย ต้นกำเนิดอยุธยา ต้นแบบรัตนโกสินทร์" [The Chronicles of Ayutthaya Sri Ramathep Nakhon, Manit Vallipodom Edition: Ayutthaya is older than Sukhothai, the origin of Ayutthaya, the prototype of Rattanakosin.]. www.silpa-mag.com (in ไทย). Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
Sources
- Fine Arts Department, ed. (1968). Khamhaikan Chao Krung Kao Khamhaikan Khun Luang Ha Wat Lae Phra Ratcha Pongsawadarn Krung Kao Chabab Luang Luang Prasoet Aksorn คำให้การชาวกรุงเก่า คำให้การขุนหลวงหาวัด และ พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงเก่าฉบับหลวงประเสริฐอักษรนิติ์ [Testimony of the King Who Entered a Wat, Testimony of the Inhabitants of the Old Capital, and Royal Chronicle of the Old Capital: Luang Prasoet Aksorn Version] (PDF) (in ไทย). Bangkok: Rung Rueang Tham. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2024. Unknown parameter
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