Tatari (curse)
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Tatari (祟り) is a Japanese word that means "curse." It refers to when a person is harmed by a supernatural being such as a god or spirit. The force behind this harm is often seen as a powerful spiritual force that can't be explained by human laws and logic..[1]。
A curse is similar to the concept of Tatari. A curse refers to a misfortune or disaster that was predicted or considered inevitable after it happened, such as punishment from a god, Buddha, or yōkai. On the other hand, a curse is caused by a specific act of "cursing" by someone and its occurrence may not always be predictable. However, there are situations where a curse is the result of someone "cursing" another person and the outcome was foreseen. In these cases, the meaning of the two concepts overlaps to some extent.
Overview[edit]
It is a common theory that Orikuchi Nobuo claims that Japanese gods are originally possessed, and that the word tatarit is a corruption of tachi-ari (a compound of tatsu and ants), which means the manifestation of a god.[1]。According to some, epidemics, famines, natural disasters, and other calamities were manifestations of the gods themselves, which were feared, appeased, sealed, and enshrined, thus marking the beginning of shrine rituals.[2]
It is believed that the power of a god comes to a person when a human being goes against the will of the god, commits a sin, or neglects to perform rituals. When a calamity occurs, it is believed that only after divination by telling or prophecy to determine which god has possessed the person and for what reason can the person be recognized and the possession be quelled by atoning for the sin and worshipping the god. The belief is that by atoning for one's sins and worshipping the deity, one's curse will be appeased. After the shinbutsu-shūgō, the Buddha, who was originally supposed to be a redeemer, came to be thought of as bringing about hauntings in the same way as the gods[citation needed]. This was also believed that enshrining the Buddha would quell the hauntings.
Possession by a grudge[edit]
Later, with the establishment of Goryō faith, human death spirits and living spirits were also considered to cause hauntings. Possessions by human spirits are due to the person's feelings of resentment, or onryō. Famous examples include the Seiryoden lightning incident of Sugawara no Michizane (Tenjin), who died a violent death, and other natural disasters such as the Fujiwara no Tokihira and Fujiwara no Tokihei. Emperor Daigo and other deaths. The Emperor of Japan and other emperors of the time were so horrified that they enshrined Michizane's spirit as Tenma Daijizai Tenjin, elevating the possessed god into a guardian deity of learning, renga, and other subjects.
The Taira no Masakado, as famous as Michizane as a vengeful spirit, is said to have frequently caused natural disasters in the area around his mound, which was feared to be haunted by Masakado. He was worshipped as a god by Ji-shu monk Shinkyo, and in Enkei 2 (1309), he was enshrined in the Kanda Shrine. It is also said that the head mound of Shogun in Chiyoda-ku, Otemachi, Tokyo, has been the site of accidents whenever there are plans to relocate it.
The Emperor Sutoku and Fujiwara no Yorinaga, who were defeated in the Hōgen rebellion, and the haunting of Nitta Yoshisada are also famous. Nitta Yoshisada is also famous.[3]
Various kinds of hauntings[edit]
In Japan, there is a belief in haunted places that can be seen as a reflection of primitive religious practices. Some people fear that certain mountains, forests, and fields are haunted and that cutting down trees or possessing them will result in the death of their family members. These places are called "habitual lands," "haunted lands," "otoshi places," "bachi mountains," or "Irazu mountains" depending on the region. It is believed that these areas were once ancient sanctuaries and ritual sites and were originally forbidden, but only the traditions of possession have survived because the faith has been lost.
The haunting of sacred trees, known as shinboku, is also a common story in Japan. For example, there is a legend of a "bloody pine tree" in Tokorozawa City that bled when cut with an axe. Similar stories exist in other places, such as a single pine tree in Nagano City.
Animal spirits are also believed to be haunted, with cat spirits being particularly feared. There is a folk belief that says, "If you kill a cat, it will haunt you for seven generations."
In recent years, folk religionists and new religions have actively spread beliefs in the "haunting of mizuko kuyō" and the "haunting of ancestors." The former focuses on the rising number of abortions, while the latter concentrates on the decline of ancestor memorial services due to the nuclear family. These beliefs claim that performing exorcism, repose, and memorial services will remove misfortunes and obstacles.
Tatarigami[edit]
Tatarigami are spirits specifically attributed with causing hauntings. They are respected but avoided
Animals believed to be possessed since ancient times[edit]
In the Inari faith, foxs are considered messengers of the god, and in the Mount Miwa faith, snakes are considered a temporary form of the gods. Therefore, it is believed that harming these animals will result in retribution.
Apart from this, there was also a widespread belief that foxes and cats have the ability to haunt people, based on such weird tales as fox with nine tails, nekomata, and monster cat. Cat-related jinxs also exist in the West. The spotted fur of dogs and cats that parted on the left and right in the center of the face and the white pattern along the bridge of the nose were called "hachi-ware" (鉢割れ, hachikiri), and were considered to be contraindicated because they were said to be possessed, betrayed, or turned into monsters if kept.[4]
Similar concepts across the world[edit]
- lemures (Roman mythology)
- Keres (Greek mythology)
- Vrykolakas
- Glaistig (Scotland)
- Strigoi (Romania)
- Moroi
- Strzyga (Slavic mythology)
- Dybbuk (Jewish mythology)
- Churel (India and Pakistan)
- Mogwai (Chinese culture) (China)
- List of supernatural beings in Chinese folklore
- Krasue (Thailand)
- Phi Tai Hong
- Ghosts in Thai culture
- Suanggi (Indonesia)
- Sundel bolong
- Wewe Gombel
- White Lady (Latin America)
- La Llorona (Mexico)
- Patasola (South America)
- Sihuanaba (El Salvador and Guatemala)
- Sayona (Colombia and Venezuela)
- The Silbón
- Chindi (Navajo)
See also[edit]
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References[edit]
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