Tropical cyclones in 2020
| Tropical cyclones in 2020 | |
|---|---|
 Year summary map | |
| Year boundaries | |
| First system | Blake |
| Formed | January 4, 2020 |
| Last system | Danilo |
| Dissipated | January 12, 2021 |
| Strongest system | |
| Name | Goni |
| Lowest pressure | 905 mbar/hPa; 26.72 inHg |
| Longest lasting system | |
| Name | Paulette |
| Duration | 21 days |
| Year statistics | |
| Total systems | 139 |
| Named systems | 100 |
| Total fatalities | 1,358 |
| Total damage | > $73.396 billion (2020 USD) |
During 2020, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, 139 tropical cyclones formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. Of all tropical systems, 100 of those, including three subtropical storms that formed in the South Atlantic Ocean and one very rare hurricane-force tropical-like cyclone in the Mediterranean Sea, were named by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph), although there was one crossover storm that received two names in one. The year's most intense system was Super Typhoon Goni, peaking with a pressure of 905 mbar/hPa (26.72 inHg) and with 10-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph). In terms of 1-minute sustained winds, Super Typhoon Goni (Rolly) was the strongest, peaking at a record strength of 315 km/h (195 mph). The rest of the records were set by the Atlantic; The year's deadliest storm was Hurricane Eta, a high-end Category 4 major hurricane that killed at least 175 people through its onslaught across Nicaragua. Hurricane Laura, another high-end Category 4 Atlantic hurricane, was the costliest system, inflicting at least $19.1 billion USD in total damages, killing at least 71 people. Category 2 Hurricane Paulette was the longest-lived system of the year, lasting around 21 days through the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean.
As a whole, 2020 had a slightly above average amount of tropical cyclones forming in the year, despite an active La Niña. The most active basin of the year was the North Atlantic documenting a record high amount of 30 named storms, the most named storms ever recorded in a season, beating 2005. This was one of only three known years where the North Atlantic was more active than the West Pacific, with the others being 2005 and 2010. The West Pacific, in fact, had a slightly below average season with only 23 named storms forming. The Eastern Pacific was more below average than the West Pacific with 17 named storms, including one unnamed storm, forming and merely 4 hurricanes and 3 major hurricanes, all of which were Category 4. The inactivity can be blamed on a La Niña pattern which formed during early spring (of the northern hemisphere) of the year. The North Indian Ocean was a relatively a slightly above average season which featured 5 named storms but became the costliest season in recorded history due to the onslaught of Cyclone Amphan, the first storm of the season, in early May. The Southern Hemisphere had, relatively, average activity throughout much of the year – with the exception of the Australian region which remained well below average because of positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), despite the extremely high number of tropical lows forming at the beginning and end of the year. – the other South-West Indian Ocean and South Pacific seasons featured above-average seasons at both the beginning and end of the year.
Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions
Summary
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</timeline>
North Atlantic Ocean
In an average Atlantic hurricane season between the years 1981–2010, a total of 12 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes form between the sesonal boundaries of June 1–November 30, in addition to having an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) total of 106, on average. Throughout the season, there were 30 named storms, 14 hurricanes, and 7 major hurricanes. Despite now being the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record, the season's ACE was only 180, and there were no category 5 hurricanes – the first such occurrence since 2015.
The 2020 Atlantic hurricane season is now the most active season on record, producing thirty-one tropical cyclones, of which thirty developed into named storms; fourteen became hurricanes, and a record-tying seven attained major hurricane status. The season's first cyclone developed on May 16, which was later followed very unprecedented activity less than two weeks after Arthur formed, with an additional off-season storm forming having been named Tropical Storm Bertha, forming on May 27, marking the first occurrence of two pre-season storms since 2016, and two May storms since 2012. Later on, Tropical Storm Cristobal, which formed from the remnants of Tropical Storm Amanda in the Eastern Pacific, became the earliest third-named storm on record, and went on to strike many areas in the Gulf of Mexico on its 10-day journey. Later in June, Dolly became the season's first subtropical cyclone when it formed from a subtropical depression. Throughout the month of July, trade winds made conditions favorable enough for five named storms to form, making 2020 the most active season before August. From Edouard onwards, each storm formed on an earlier date than normal. Fay was the first storm to make landfall in New Jersey since Irene of 2011. The most notable storms in July were Hurricanes Hanna and Isaias, which became the first two hurricanes of the season. More notably, Isaias spawned a tornado outbreak in North Carolina, producing EF3 damage at the most. The costliest storm of the whole year, Hurricane Laura was the first of a record seven major hurricanes to form in the season, as well as the second of a record five storms to strike Louisiana, with Marco following suit as the third, also making 2020 the most active season before September, then followed by October, and on record. ten storms formed in September, breaking the record of eight in a few other seasons. Paulette, Sally, and Teddy were the most notable storms of the month, with Paulette being the longest-lived storm of the whole year, Sally striking Alabama exactly 16 years after Ivan, as well as being the costliest Atlantic hurricane to not have its name retired, and Teddy becoming the largest hurricane of the season, in terms of size. Vicky and Wilfred made 2020 the first since 2005 to use V and W names, as well as the Greek alphabet, which was used for the very last time when Eta and Iota were retired, when Alpha was named the furthest east on record, later making landfall in Portugal as a (sub)tropical cyclone for the first time on record.
October and November were extremely active. Hurricane Gamma became the ninth hurricane of the season. Days later, Hurricane Delta explosively strengthened to a category 4 hurricane later striking Louisiana as a category 2. towards the end of October, Epsilon made another threat to Bermuda since Paulette's eye passed over the island. However, Epsilon did not make landfall, but the impacts were still felt. By the end of the October, Zeta made history by becoming the latest major hurricane to strike the US on record in the calendar year, and was the last hurricane to strike Louisiana in 2020. as November approached, Hurricane Eta rapidly intensified to a near-high-end category 4 hurricane and struck Nicaragua, becoming the deadliest tropical cyclone of the year at over 221 fatalities throughout its long track. Eta regained tropical charactaristics after becoming post-tropical over Central American lands, and would later go on to strike Cuba and Florida, both twice, Eta briefly restrengthened to a hurricane before its second Florida landfall, and became post-tropical again and dissipated just after. Tropical Storm Theta made history by being the record-breaking 29th named storm on record, making for the most active hurricane season on record. Theta was long-lived for being a high-end tropical storm. Not long was it until Theta became post-tropical.
The last storm of the season was also the strongest and most intense hurricane of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Iota was a strong high-end category 4 hurricane that made landfall along the coast of Nicaragua where Hurricane Eta had devastated the same area less than two weeks earlier. Widespread freshwater flooding, severely exacerbated by pre-existing flood conditions caused by Eta, resulted in 67 deaths and 41 people missing across portions of Central America. Iota was more notable by the fact that it was the strongest and most intense storm of the season, and record-breaking second November major hurricane. Iota's maximum sustained windspeeds were 155 mph and its minumum central pressure was 917 mbars.
The season was very destructive, causing an estimated $51.146 billion (2020 USD) in damage and more than four hundred fatalities. Most destruction was due to Laura, which caused about $19.1 billion (2020 USD) in damage and killed seventy people in Louisiana. Hurricane Eta in early November also caused $7 billion (2020 USD) in damage and was the deadliest storm of the season, causing over two hundred deaths as it crossed the vast majority of Central America and eventually made three more landfalls: one in Cuba, and two in Florida. On March 17, 2021, at the National Hurricane Committee, it has been decided that the name Laura will be retired, replaced by Leah for the 2026 season. In addition, the committee has also decided to retire the letters Eta and Iota because of their impacts to Nicaragua. One more major decision has been made to no longer use the Greek alphabet, to prevent confusion of the names, and use a new auxilary list for seasons with more than 21 named storms, starting in 2021.
Eastern & Central Pacific Oceans
In an average Pacific hurricane season between the years 1981–2010, a total of 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes form between the sesonal boundaries of May 15–November 30 in the Eastern Pacific and June 1–November 30 in the Central Pacific, in addition to having a combined Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) total of 113, on average. Throughout the season, there were 16 named storms (including one unnamed storm, bringing the total to 17 tropical storms), 4 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes, making 2020 a below average season overall, even for having an ACE of 73.
Despite being a below average season, the first tropical depression formed on April 25 – the record earliest start to an Eastern Pacific hurricane season since reliable records began in 1966. Over a month after One-E formed, Tropical Storm Amanda formed off the coast of Guatemala, bringing severe impacts to Central America, killing 40. Amanda was later redesignated as Tropical Storm Cristobal, the third-named storm on the extremely active 2020 Atlantic hurricane season. Another break was taken for almost another month when Tropical Storm Boris formed on June 24. Later on, Tropical Depression Four-E formed from a long-lived tropical wave that skimmed off the coast of Mexico. As July approached, Tropical Storm Cristina, nearly a hurricane, reached a peak strength of 70 mph. Six-E and Seven-E followed Cristina, with Seven-E becoming the only unnamed storm of the season. Hurricane Douglas then became the first major hurricane of the season, peaking as a low-end category 4 major hurricane with a pressure of 954 mbars. Douglas went on to impact Hawaii as it skimmed across the islands as a Category 1. The next storm, Elida, was the only hurricane of four, to not reach major hurricane status, peaking as a Category 2. Ten-E was the last system to stay under tropical storm status. Fausto was a short-lived system. Hurricane Genevieve, the second major hurricane of the season, made landfall in Baja California, killing 6 as it almost made landfall. Hernan hampered relief efforts as it killed 1 more person in the same area that Genevieve impacted days earlier. Iselle also impacted Baja California, but killed no one. During September, there were almost no hurricanes, when Marie made a close call – a very rare occurrence. Julio formed from the remnants of Hurricane Nana, Karina was one of six storms to exist within two different basins, along with Paulette, Rene, Sally, Teddy, and Vicky in the Atlantic, and Lowell passed close to Clarion Island.
Hurricane Marie was the strongest storm of the season. Marie formed on September 29 and rapidly intensified to a hurricane late on September 30, almost having September to not have any hurricanes. But Marie became a major hurricane on October 2, meaning that September didn't have any major hurricanes. Later on, Marie, at 140 mph max. sustained windspeeds, and 945 mbars at minimum, was the strongest storm of the season. Substancial weakening began when Marie encountered colder waters over time. Marie degenerated to a remnant low on October 7.
While Marie was active, Tropical Storm Norbert, the only storm to form in October, was a long lived storm that was the only storm to become post-tropical and regenerate back to a tropical storm during its lifetime in the season. Tropical Storm Odalys was the start to a record-tying most active November, with that record also being set in the Atlantic. The season ended when the last storm of the season, Tropical Storm Polo, became a remnant low on November 19, 11 days before the typical ending boundary for both the Eastern and Central Pacific basins on November 30. No storms formed in the Central Pacific, however, as Douglas from late July was the only system to cross into the basin.
Throughout the season, 47 people were killed with all of the fatalities coming from Amanda, Genevieve, and Hernan, killing 40, 6, and 1, individually. Seasonal damages total out to ≥$250 million, with $200 million coming from Amanda, and $50 million from Genevieve. Damage from Douglas was minimal, and Hernan's havoc is yet to be known. at the March 17, 2021 hurricane committee, no names were retired, despite Amanda's heavy impacts, and the list will be used again in 2026. Despite never using the Greek alphabet, it has been decided it will never be used at all in the basin, and will use the same type of auxilary list the Atlantic will use, but with entirely different names, and indluding X, Y, and Z names, just like the normal lists in the basin. So, if an East Pacific hurricane season uses up all 24 names in the traditional list, a new auxilary list with 24 more names will be used.
Western Pacific Ocean
In an average Pacific typhoon season between the years 1965–2019, a total of 26 tropical storms and 16 typhoons form at any time of the year, officially, with most of the systems forming between May and October. In addition, an unofficial number of 9 super typhoons form throughout the season. An average Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) number of 294 is also featured in a typical season; higher than the most intense Atlantic hurricane season. The West Pacific is typically the most active basin of the year, but that wasn't the case in 2020, as for the first time since 2010, and the third time ever since 2005, the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season was more active than the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, which had a slightly below average number of tropical storms (23), a moderately below average number of typhoons (10), and a well below average number of super typhoons (2) throughout the season, all listed by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) (tropical storms and typhoons) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) (super typhoons).
The season began very late when Typhoon Vongfong (Ambo), the first storm, developed on May 8, just miles southeast of the Philippines. Vongfong had a tough time developing and took days to intensify from a tropical storm to a Category 3 major typhoon from May 12–14. That same day, Vongfong made a series of landfalls across the central Philippines. Vongfong began a weakening trend when it left the Philippines and would turn post-tropical on May 18. The next system, Tropical Storm Nuri (Butchoy), developed on June 10. Nuri was rather a weak and short-lived system, making landfall in China, and dissipating on June 14. An unofficial tropical depression, dubbed 'Carina' by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) developed east of the Philippines. Carina turned to the north, and faded out on July 15.
The first three months of the season were extremely inactive, featuring only three systems by far. However, by the last two days of July, a close call was made then Tropical Storm Sinlaku and Typhoon Hagupit (Dindo) formed, both forming distances east of the Philippines. Sinlaku was weak, but significant, making landfall in Vietnam, whike Hagupit, the second typhoon of the season, eventually made landfall in China as a Category 1 typhoon. A trend of activity started in August, with seven more systems forming in the month. Tropical Storm Jangmi (Enteng), forming on August 6, was the first of the season to directly make landfall in the Korean Peninsula. Tropical Depression 06W (Gener) formed out to sea, making no impacts. Two Severe Tropical Storms, Mekkhala (Ferdie) and Higos (Helen), both made landfall in China, with the former making landfall as a Category 1 typhoon.
By the end of August, a series of three intense typhoons impacted the Korean Peninsula in a two-week period, following into September. All of them made landfall as a Category 1 typhoon. The first, Typhoon Bavi (Igme), formed on August 20 off of Taiwan, becoming the second major typhoon of the season. The second, Typhoon Maysak (Julian) became the first Category 4-equivalent typhoon of the season, bringing light impacts to Japan before making landfall in Korea. Finally, Super Typhoon Haishen (Kristine), became the first of only two super typhoons and the second-most intense typhoon of the season, peaking at 910 mbar/hPa. Luckily, Haishen weakened before making landfall in South Korea.
September was significantly less active than August and October combined, with no other typhoons forming in the month. Most importantly, Tropical Storm Noul (Leon) killed 18 people during its life as it make landfall in Thailand as a tropical storm. Towards the end of the month, two more severe tropical storms formed; Severe Tropical Storms Dolphin (Marce) and Kujira, with Dolphin being the more intense storm, and Kujira being the equivalent to a Category 1 typhoon.
October was an extremely notable month. It featured Typhoon Chan-hom, a Category 1 typhoon that was the longest-lived typhoon of the season, lasting 13 days throughout its track; Tropical Storm Linfa became the deadliest storm of the season and the second-deadliest of the year, behind the Atlantic Hurricane Eta, killing 139 people across Vietnam and Thailand combined. Later on, Tropical Storm Nangka (Nika) developed and directly affected the southern bend of China and northern Vietnam, eventually killing 4 people. An unofficial tropical depression, dubbed 'Ofel' by PAGASA, formed and skimmed across the Philippines, causing minimal impacts and no fatalities. By the end of October, things were heating up significantly when Typhoon Saudel (Pepito) formed over the northern Philippines and intensified to a Category 1 typhoon as it was turning to the north and back to the west, eventually hitting southern China and fading out after passing south of China. Tropical Depression 20W was the last official tropical depression of the season to not become a tropical storm. Just then, Typhoon Molave (Quinta) caused widespread damage in the Philippines and Indochina and became the strongest to strike the South Central Coast of Vietnam since Damrey in 2017.
Super Typhoon Goni (Rolly), the penultimate typhoon of the season, became the strongest and most intense storm of the season and year, as well as the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone ever recorded. Goni was a record-breaking typhoon, peaking with record 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph) on October 31. However, its minumum central pressure was only 905 mbar/hPa (26.72 inHg), although it has been believed that Goni actually had a peak pressure of 895 mbar/hPa (26.43 inHg). It was the most intense tropical cyclone of 2020. After Goni's landfall, it has explosively weakened back down to a tropical storm over the course of 24 hours, and never restrengthened back up to typhoon status. Goni later degenerated to a remnant low on November 6 and dissipated very soon after.
Later on, Severe Tropical Storm Atsani (Siony) formed and became a strong, long-lived tropical storm, passing north of the Philippines and impacting China, dissipating on November 7. Tropical Storm Etau (Tonyo) made impacts in Vietnam and Thailand. Then, Typhoon Vamco (Ulysses), the last typhoon and major typhoon of the season, as well as the last tropical storm on the Saffir–Simpson Scale, became a deadly Category 4-equivalent typhoon that struck the Philippines and Vietnam. The last system, Tropical Storm Krovanh (Vicky), caused deadly flooding that killed 9 people. Krovanh dissipated on Christmas Day. However, the season actually ended on December 29 when a tropical disturbance dissipated on that day.
After the season, the Typhoon Committee announced that the names Vongfong, Linfa, Molave, Goni, and Vamco will be retired from the list. Then, PAGASA announced that the names Ambo, Quinta, Rolly, and Ulysses will be retired from their naming list as well, replacing the selected names with Aghon, Querubin, Romina and Upang for the 2024 season.
North Indian Ocean
South–West Indian Ocean
January–June
July–December
Australian Region
January–June
July–December
South Pacific Ocean
January–June
July–December
South Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Systems
January
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blake | January 4–8 | 75 (45) | 986 | Western Australia | Minor | None | |
| Claudia | January 5–18 | 150 (90) | 963 | Eastern Indonesia, Top End, Kimberley | None | None | |
| Tino | January 11–19 | 120 (75) | 970 | Fiji, Niue, Solomon Islands | $5.83 million | 2 | |
| 05 | January 19–23 | 55 (35) | 999 | None | None | None | |
| Diane | January 22–26 | 95 (60) | 990 | Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius | Unknown | 31 | |
| Esami | January 23–26 | 85 (50) | 990 | Rodrigues | None | None | |
| 04U | January 23–30 | Not specified | 998 | Northern Territory, Queensland | None | None | |
| Kurumí | January 23–25 | 65 (40) | 998 | Brazil | Unknown | 70 | |
| 05F | January 24–26 | 65 (40) | 1003 | Samoan Islands | None | None | |
| TL | January 31–February 4 | Not specified | 1007 | Cocos Islands, Christmas Island | None | None |
February
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francisco | |||||||
| Damien | |||||||
| Uesi | |||||||
| TL | |||||||
| Gabekile | |||||||
| TL | |||||||
| 07F | |||||||
| 08F | |||||||
| Vicky | |||||||
| Wasi | |||||||
| Esther | |||||||
| Ferdinand |
March
With a well below average number of four tropical cyclones forming in the month, as well with two of those being named, March was the least active month of 2020, tied with the next month. Tropical Cyclone Gretel of the Australian Region and South Pacific affected the most areas in the month during its lifetime, while Intense Tropical Cyclone Herold became the first major tropical cyclone of 2020 and the third and final major cyclone of the 2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. Australian Region Tropical Lows 09U and 11U formed at the beginning and end of the month, with the former crossing over into April, eventually dissipating on April 3.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09U | March 9–13 | 75 (45) | 997 | Western Indonesia, Western Australia | None | None | |
| Gretel | March 10–16 | 100 (65) | 980 | Top End, New Guinea, Queensland, | None | None | |
| Herold | March 12–20 | 165 (105) | 955 | Madagascar, Tromelin Island | Unknown | 5 | |
| 11U | March 31–April 3 | 55 (35) | 999 | New Guinea, Cape York Peninsula | None | None |
April
Tropical cyclogenesis was slightly below average in April. However, just like the previous month (March), it was tied as the least active month of 2020, with only four tropical cyclones recorded in the month. Out of the four tropical cyclones that formed in the month, Three of those became named storms from each respective naming agencies. Tropical Low 11U from the last day of the previous month crossed over into April and would later degenerate on April 3, but that only counts for March's totals. The first tropical cyclone of the month, Irondro, formed on April 1; It was also the last tropical cyclone and intense tropical cyclone of the 2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. The season would later end on April 16 when the month's third tropical cyclone, as well as the season's last tropical storm, Jeruto, would degenerate to a remnant low and dissipate soon after, bringing a complete end to the season. Severe Tropical Cyclone Harold, which formed on the same day as Irondro, rapidly intensified to become the year's first of only four Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclones, as well as being the first South Pacific Category 5 tropical cyclone on both the Australian and Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scales, since Cyclone Gita of the 2017–18 South Pacific cyclone season. Throughout Harold's life, it killed three people, with all of the fatalities occuring in Fiji. Harold's total damages amount to more than $123.5 million USD. In addition, Harold was the last tropical cyclone of the 2019–20 South Pacific cyclone season, in which the season would later end on April 10 when Harold turns post-tropical and dissipate the following day. The last storm of the month, Tropical Depression One-E, would give the 2020 Pacific hurricane season a record early start when it formed on April 25; the earliest start to a Pacific hurricane season east of 140°W on record since reliable record-keeping of East Pacific tropical cyclones began in 1971. One-E was also the first northern hemisphere tropical cyclone of the year. In conclusion, One-E would dissipate on April 26, concluding April's tropical activity.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irondro | April 1–6 | 175 (110) | 950 | None | None | None | |
| Harold | April 1–10 | 230 (145) | 920 | Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga | >$123.5 million | 3 | |
| Jeruto | April 10–16 | 75 (45) | 999 | Cocos Islands | None | None | |
| One-E | April 25–26 | 55 (35) | 1006 | None | None | None | [1] |
May
May was well above average with eight tropical cyclones forming, with six of those becoming named storms. Starting off, a tropical depression formed on May 3 in the Australian region, affecting three different areas during its week-long life. Typhoon Vongfong (Ambo), the first tropical cyclone and typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, developed on May 8; one of the few latest starts to a typhoon season on record. Vongfong would later become a Category 3-equivalent major typhoon and wreak havoc in the Philippines, killing 5, and causing $50 million USD in total damages. The record-breaking 2020 Atlantic hurricane season started early for a record sixth consecutive time when Tropical Storm Arthur would form off the coastlines of Florida and The Bahamas on May 16. Also on May 16, Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan formed and would later explosively intensify to a Category 5-equivalent Super Cyclonic Storm; the second of four Category 5's in 2020. Amphan would later make landfall in India as a strong tropical cyclone, killing 128 people, and inflicting a whopping $13.6 billion USD in damages, making Amphan the costliest North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone ever recorded since records were kept in 1960. Tropical Cyclone Mangga concluded the 2019–20 Australian region cyclone season when it dissipated on May 23, after affecting and Cocos Islands and Christmas Island, causing minor damage. On May 27, Tropical Storm Bertha formed, making the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season the first to see two pre-season storms since 2016, and the first to see two storms form in May since 2012. Depression ARB 01 and would later affect Oman and Yemen, killing 3. Damages from ARB 01 are yet to be known. The last storm of the month, Amanda, would form and immediately make impacts in Guatemala and El Salvador and most all of northern Central America, Amanda later turned post-tropical on May 31. The following day, The post-tropical remnants were redesignated as Tropical Depression Three and later formed into Tropical Storm Cristobal the next day. Cristobal turned to the south and made landfall in the State of Campeche - a rare occurrence. After weakening back to a depression, Cristobal turned to the north. Days later, Cristobal became the first of many tropical cyclones to impact Louisiana. Cristobal turned post-tropical and was absorbed by a frontal low on the southern bend of the Hudson Bay. Cristobal formed on June 1. However, since Cristobal was part of the same weather system spawned by Amanda, Cristobal does not count for June, but does count for May.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TD | May 3–10 | 55 (35) | 1004 | Western Indonesia, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands | None | None | |
| Vongfong (Ambo) | May 8–18 | 155 (100) | 960 | Palau, Philippines, Taiwan | $50 million | 5 | |
| Arthur | May 16–19 | 95 (60) | 990 | Southeastern United States, The Bahamas, Bermuda | $112,000 | None | [2] |
| Amphan | May 16–20 | 240 (150) | 920 | West Bengal, Odisha, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan | $13.6 billion | 128 | |
| Mangga | May 19–23 | 65 (40) | 995 | Western Indonesia, Cocos Islands, Christmas Island, Western Australia | Minor | None | |
| Bertha | May 27–28 | 85 (50) | 1005 | Southeastern United States, The Bahamas | > $130,000 | None | [3] |
| ARB 01 | May 29–31 | 45 (30) | 1000 | Oman, Yemen | Unknown | 3 | |
| Amanda & Cristobal | May 30–June 9 | 95 (60) | 988 | Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador), Mexico, Central United States, Great Lakes Region, Eastern Canada | ≥ $865 million | 46 | [4][5] |
June
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nisarga | |||||||
| Nuri (Butchoy) | |||||||
| Dolly | June 22–24 | 75 (45) | 1000 | None | None | None | [6] |
| Boris | [7] | ||||||
| Four-E | [8] |
July
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edouard | July 4–6 | 75 (45) | 1005 | Bermuda, southern Ireland, southern United Kingdom | Minimal | None | [9] |
| Cristina | |||||||
| Fay | July 9–11 | 95 (60) | 998 | East Coast of the United States, Southeastern Canada | ≥ $350 million | 6 | [10] |
| Carina | |||||||
| Six-E | |||||||
| Seven-E | |||||||
| Douglas | July 20–28 | 215 (130) | 954 | Hawaii | Minimal | None | [11] |
| Gonzalo | July 21–25 | 100 (65) | 997 | Windward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela | Minimal | None | [12] |
| Hanna | July 23–26 | 150 (90) | 973 | Greater Antilles, Gulf Coast of the United States, Mexico | $1.2 billion | 9 | [13] |
| TD | |||||||
| Isaias | July 30–August 4 | 150 (90) | 986 | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, East Coast of the United States, Eastern Canada | $4.8 billion | 17 | [14] |
| Ten | July 31–August 1 | 55 (35) | 1008 | Cabo Verde Islands | None | None | [15] |
| Hagupit (Dindo) | |||||||
| Sinlaku |
August
August was average, seeing 18 tropical cyclones forming with 16 becoming named storms. In the North Atlantic basin, Tropical Storms Josephine and Kyle, later followed by Hurricanes Laura and Marco, continued the basin's record activity by forming on the record earliest dates for each storm, with Josephine forming in the Main Development Region (MDR), Kyle forming off the coast of North Carolina and moving rapidly to the northeast, Laura becoming the season's first major hurricane and heavily impacting Louisiana as a strong Category 4 hurricane, later becoming the costliest tropical cyclone of 2020, and Marco affecting Louisiana before Laura, after peaking as a low-end hurricane and weakening substancially. In the East Pacific, activity kicked back up significantly when six tropical cyclones formed during the month, with Hurricane Elida making a close pass to Mexico, Tropical Depression Ten-E being the last of three others to not become a tropical storm, Tropical Storm Fausto's remnants making it to the US state of California, Hurricane Genevieve, the most notable for the basin in August, nearly making landfall in the Baja California Peninsula, killing 6, and Tropical Storms Hernan and Iselle affecting Mexico in a way, with the former being the most notable of the two, killing 1. Activity had its most significant kickup in the West Pacific with seven tropical storms forming, with four forming in the South China Sea; Jangmi, Mekkhala, 06W, and Higos. Mekkhala and Higos were the most damaging storms of the South China Sea, with approximately $150 million each. The last three typhoons were the most notable; Typhoons Bavi, Maysak, and Haishen, all affecting the Korean Peninsula within a two-week span, especially with Haishen, as it was the most intense tropical cyclone of 2020 at that time, and the most intense for the month of August, peaking at 910 hPa.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jangmi (Enteng) | August 6–11 | 85 (50) | 994 | Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Korean Peninsula | $1 million | None | |
| Elida | August 8–12 | 165 (105) | 971 | Southwestern Mexico, Socorro Island | None | None | [16] |
| 06W (Gener) | August 9–13 | 55 (35) | 1012 | Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
| Mekkhala (Ferdie) | August 9–11 | 95 (60) | 992 | Philippines, Taiwan, East China | $159 million | None | |
| Josephine | August 11–16 | 75 (45) | 1004 | None | None | None | [17] |
| Ten-E | August 13–16 | 55 (35) | 1004 | None | None | None | [18] |
| Kyle | August 14–15 | 85 (50) | 1000 | The Carolinas | None | None | [19] |
| Fausto | August 16–17 | 65 (40) | 1004 | Northern California | None | None | [20] |
| Genevieve | August 16–21 | 215 (130) | 950 | Southwestern Mexico, Socorro Island, Baja California Peninsula, Southern California | $50 million | 6 | [21] |
| Higos (Helen) | August 16–20 | 100 (65) | 992 | Philippines, South China, Northern Vietnam | $143 million | 7 | |
| Laura | August 20–29 | 240 (150) | 937 | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Southern United States | $19.1 billion | 81 | [22] |
| Bavi (Igme) | August 20–27 | 155 (100) | 950 | Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Korean Peninsula, North China | $1 million | 1 | |
| Marco | August 21–25 | 120 (75) | 991 | Lesser Antilles, Venezuela, Central America, Greater Antilles, Yucatán Peninsula, Gulf Coast of the United States | ≥ $35 million | None | [23] |
| Hernan | August 26–28 | 75 (45) | 1001 | Mexico, Baja California Peninsula | Unknown | 1 | [24] |
| Iselle | August 26–30 | 95 (60) | 997 | Clarion Island | None | None | [25] |
| Maysak (Julian) | August 17–September 3 | 175 (110) | 935 | Philippines, Japan, Korean Peninsula, Northeast China | $100 million | 32 | |
| Haishen (Kristine) | August 30–September 7 | 195 (120) | 910 | Mariana Islands, Northeast China, Japan, Korean Peninsula | $100 million | 4 | |
| Omar | August 31–September 5 | 65 (40) | 1003 | Southeastern United States, Bermuda | None | None | [26] |
September
September was slightly below average in activity. However, it was the most active month of the year in terms of how many tropical cyclones formed, at 19 total tropical cyclones forming. Of those, 17 were named storms, including Cyclone Ianos of the Mediterranean Sea; a very rare hurricane-force Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone (Medicane) which affected six different countries on its onslaught across Europe and northern Africa, eventually killing four people in its track. Including Tropical Storm Omar, which formed at the end of the previous month, ten storms formed in the North Atlantic in September, continuing the trend of most active other months in the Atlantic. The most notable Atlantic tropical cyclones were Hurricane Paulette, the longest-lived tropical cyclone of 2020, Hurricane Sally, the costliest Atlantic hurricane to not have its name retired, Hurricane Teddy, the most intense tropical cyclone of the month, tying Marie of the East Pacific, Subtropical Storm Alpha, the easternmost-forming and landfalling North Atlantic tropical cyclone, and Tropical Storm Beta, bringing heavy rainfall to Texas. In the East Pacific, Tropical Storm Julio formed from the remnants of Hurricane Nana, Tropical Storm Karina being one of six tropical cyclones to exist within two different basins, Tropical Storm Lowell developing southwest of Mexico, and Hurricane Marie tying the Atlantic's Teddy as the most intense tropical cyclone of the month at 945 mbars and 140 mph. In the West Pacific, there were no typhoons in September, while Tropical Storm Noul was the deadliest tropical storm of September, killing 18, and inflicting at least $175 million USD in damages.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nana | September 1–3 | 120 (75) | 994 | Lesser Antilles, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Central America, Southeastern Mexico | ≥ $20 million | None | [27] |
| Julio | September 5–7 | 75 (45) | 1004 | Southwestern Mexico | None | None | [28] |
| Paulette | September 7–22 | 165 (105) | 965 | Cabo Verde Islands, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Azores, Madeira | > $50 million | 2 | [29] |
| Rene | September 7–14 | 75 (45) | 1001 | Senegal, The Gambia, Cabo Verde Islands | Minimal | None | [30] |
| 12W | September 10–12 | 55 (35) | 1006 | Japan | None | None | |
| Sally | September 11–17 | 175 (110) | 965 | The Bahamas, Cuba, Southeastern United States | $7.3 billion | 9 | [31] |
| Teddy | September 12–23 | 220 (140) | 945 | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | > $35 million | 3 | [32] |
| Karina | September 12–16 | 95 (60) | 996 | None | None | None | [33] |
| Vicky | September 14–17 | 85 (50) | 1001 | Cabo Verde Islands | Minimal | 1 | [34] |
| Noul (Leon) | September 14–19 | 85 (50) | 992 | Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, Vietnam | $175 million | 18 | |
| Ianos | September 14–20 | 120 (75) | 995 | Libya, Italy, Malta, Greece, Crete, Cyrenaica | ≥ $200 million | 4 | |
| Alpha | September 17–19 | 85 (50) | 996 | Iberian Peninsula | > $24.2 million | 1 | [35] |
| Beta | September 17–22 | 100 (65) | 993 | Mexico, Gulf Coast of the United States | $225 million | 1 | [36] |
| Wilfred | September 17–21 | 65 (40) | 1006 | None | None | None | [37] |
| Dolphin (Marce) | September 19–24 | 110 (70) | 975 | None | None | None | |
| Lowell | September 20–25 | 85 (50) | 1001 | Clarion Island | None | None | [38] |
| Kujira | September 25–30 | 110 (70) | 980 | None | None | None | |
| TD | September 27–29 | Not Specified | 1000 | None | None | None | |
| Marie | September 29–October 6 | 220 (140) | 945 | None | None | None | [39] |
October
Tropical activity in October was moderately above average, as it saw 19 tropical cyclones develop around the world, with 14 of those becoming named storms, including Subtropical Storm Mani in the South Atlantic Ocean, which was the second of a record-breaking three tropical systems to form within a calendar year, with the last being Subtropical Storm Oquira that formed during the dead end of the year. While Hurricane Marie, the last storm of the previous month was active, Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) in the North Atlantic were still very warm; warm enough in the fact that four straight hurricanes developed all month long in the basin, as well as three (and then four) straight major hurricanes. On October 2, Hurricane Gamma formed and rapidly intensified from a tropical storm to a hurricane in only 48 hours – the fastest-intensifying storm since 2007's Hurricane Humberto. While Gamma was still active, Hurricane Delta formed in the middle of Gamma's life, and explosively intensified from a tropical storm to a Category 4 hurricane, also in only 48 hours. Delta eventually weakened substancially and made landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula as a Category 1 hurricane. After leaving the Yucatán Peninsula, Delta strengthened back up to a Category 3 hurricane over the western Gulf of Mexico, and weakened slightly before making another landfall in Louisiana as a Category 2. Delta then turned post-tropical over the US mainland. Hurricane Epsilon was a category 3 hurricane that was one millibar more intense than Delta was. Epsilon made minimal impacts to Bermuda as it was rapidly moving to the north and turned post-tropical before rapidly moving to the east. Hurricane Zeta made history as a category 3 hurricane when it became the record-breaking sixth tropical cyclone to make landfall in Louisiana in one season, and the latest US-landfalling major hurricane when it made landfall on October 28. Hurricane Eta developed on October 31 and was named the following day Eta went on and intensified to become the first November major hurricane since Otto of 2016, as well as the first November Category 4 Atlantic hurricane since Paloma of 2008. Eta killed at least 175 people, becoming the deadliest tropical cyclone of 2020. Eta then turned to the north and took a very weird track as it made landfall in Cuba, executed a loop just west of Cuba, made landfall in the Florida Keys, briefly restrengthened back to a Category 1 hurricane, and made another Florida landfall. Eta then turned post-tropical on November 13. In the Eastern Pacific, activity started to slow down significantly when only one tropical storm formed in October; Tropical Storm Norbert. Norbert was a rather strong tropical storm that didn't make any direct impacts. Norbert did eventually turn post-tropical in the middle of its life, but regenerated back up to a tropical storm. Norbert was a tropical depression for more than half of its life. In the West Pacific, activity was rising at a rapid rate when it feaured nine tropical cyclones. Typhoon Chan-hom was the longest-lived system of the season when it lasted for 13 days. Tropical Storm Linfa was the deadliest storm of the season, and second-deadliest overall. Tropical Storm Nangka hampered relief efforts in areas still suffering from the effects of Linfa from one week earlier. Typhoon Saudel was another long-lived typhoon that directly impacted the southern bend of China. Typhoon Molave caused very heavy impacts during its life as it traversed across the Philippines and Indochina. Typhoon Goni, an extremely strong Category 5 super typhoon, became the strongest-landfalling tropical cyclone on record, beating the record set by two other storms in the same basin, as it was also the costliest storm of the respective basin. Tropical Storm Atsani was a strong tropical storm that didn't made any heavy impacts. Two depressions developed during October; Tropical Depression Ofel, an unofficial tropical depression given the name by PAGASA, and Tropical Depression 20W, a harmless system that name no impacts. Then, after well over four months of serious inactivity, the second half of the 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season started when a deadly Deep Depression formed and made landfall in Andhra Pradesh, killing 98 people. what was once Deep Depression BOB 02 regenerated into Depression ARB 03 after leaving India. One more Depression followed that made impacts to West Bengal.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | October 2–6 | 120 (75) | 978 | Cayman Islands, Central America, Yucatán Peninsula | > $100 million | 6 | [40] |
| Delta | October 4–10 | 220 (140) | 953 | Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Gulf Coast of the United States | $3.09 billion | 6 | [41] |
| Chan-hom | October 4–17 | 130 (80) | 965 | Japan | None | None | |
| Norbert | October 5–14 | 95 (60) | 1000 | None | None | None | [42] |
| Linfa | October 6–12 | 85 (50) | 994 | Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar | $950 million | 137 | |
| Nangka (Nika) | October 11–14 | 85 (50) | 990 | Philippines, South China, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar | $16.9 million | 4 | |
| BOB 02 | October 11–14 | 55 (35) | 999 | Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry, Telangana, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra | $681 million | 98 | |
| Ofel | October 13–16 | 55 (35) | 1002 | Philippines, Vietnam, Laos | $187,000 | 10 | |
| ARB 03 | October 17–19 | 45 (30) | 1000 | Maharashtra | Minimal | None | |
| Saudel (Pepito) | October 18–25 | 120 (75) | 975 | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | $15.2 million | None | |
| Epsilon | October 19–26 | 185 (115) | 952 | Bermuda | Minimal | 1 | [43] |
| 20W | October 19–23 | 55 (35) | 1006 | None | None | None | |
| Molave (Quinta) | October 22–29 | 165 (105) | 940 | Philippines, Spratly Island, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia | $660 million | 71 | |
| BOB 03 | October 22–24 | 45 (30) | 1000 | West Bengal, Bangladesh, Northeast India | Minimal | None | |
| Zeta | October 24–29 | 185 (115) | 970 | Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Gulf Coast of the United States, East Coast of the United States | ~$4.42 billion | 9 | [44] |
| Mani | October 25–28 | 65 (40) | 1004 | Brazil (States of Espírito Santo, Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro) | Unknown | None | |
| Goni (Rolly) | October 26–November 6 | 220 (140) | 905 | Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos | $1.02 billion | 32 | |
| Atsani (Siony) | October 30–November 7 | 95 (60) | 992 | Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, South China | $101,000 | None | |
| Eta | October 31–November 13 | 240 (150) | 922 | San Andrés, Jamaica, Central America, Mexico, Cayman Islands, Cuba, The Bahamas, Southeastern United States | $8.3 billion | ≥175 | [45] |
November
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odalys | November 3–5 | 85 (50) | 1000 | None | None | None | [46] |
| Etau (Tonyo) | |||||||
| Vamco (Ulysses) | |||||||
| Theta | November 10–15 | 110 (70) | 987 | Canary Islands, Madeira | None | None | [47] |
| Alicia | |||||||
| Iota | November 13–18 | 250 (155) | 917 | ABC Islands, Venezuela, Colombia, San Andrés and Providencia, Central America, Mexico | $1.4 billion | ≥84 | [48] |
| 02 | |||||||
| Polo | November 17–19 | 75 (45) | 1004 | None | None | None | [49] |
| Gati | |||||||
| Nivar | |||||||
| Bongoyo | |||||||
| Burevi |
December
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TD | |||||||
| 02U | |||||||
| TL | |||||||
| 01F | |||||||
| Yasa | December 11–21 | 230 (145) | 917 | Rotuma, Vanuatu, Fiji | $246.7 million | 4 | |
| Zazu | |||||||
| Krovanh (Vicky) | |||||||
| 03U | |||||||
| Chalane | |||||||
| 04U | |||||||
| Oquira | |||||||
| 05 | |||||||
| Danilo | |||||||
| TD |
Global effects
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ John P. Cangialosi (June 30, 2020). "Tropical Depression One-E" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Latto, Andy (September 10, 2020). "Tropical Storm Arthur" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 19, 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Cangialosi, John P. (September 23, 2020). "Tropical Storm Bertha" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Robbie Berg (September 10, 2020). "Tropical Storm Amanda" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Robbie Berg (January 13, 2021). "Tropical Storm Cristobal" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- ↑ Eric S. Blake (January 19, 2021). "Tropical Storm Dolly" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
- ↑ Eric Blake (January 13, 2021). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Boris (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
- ↑ Richard J. Pasch (March 15, 2021). "Tropical Depression Four-E" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Richard J. Pasch (February 22, 2021). "Tropical Storm Edouard" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ↑ John L. Beven II; Robbie Berg (March 31, 2021) [Original report date March 29, 2021]. "Tropical Storm Fay" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
- ↑ Andy Latto (November 21, 2020). Hurricane Douglas (PDF) (Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
- ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (February 1, 2021). "Tropical Storm Gonzalo" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
- ↑ Daniel P. Brown; Robbie Berg; Brad Reinhart (February 11, 2021). "Hurricane Hanna" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
- ↑ Andy Latto; Andrew Hagen; Robbie Berg (April 15, 2021) [Original report date March 30, 2021]. "Hurricane Isaias" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
- ↑ John P. Cangialosi (December 14, 2020). "Tropical Depression Ten" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ↑ John P. Cangialosi (October 24, 2020). "Hurricane Elida" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Brad J. Reinhart (January 27, 2021). "Tropical Storm Josephine" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
- ↑ Brad J. Reinhart (January 4, 2021). "Tropical Depression Ten-E" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Eric Blake (February 11, 2020). "Tropical Storm Kyle" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
- ↑ Eric Blake (February 10, 2021). "Tropical Storm Fausto" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Richard J. Pasch, David P. Roberts (April 13, 2021). "Hurricane Genevieve" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Richard J. Pasch; Robbie Berg; David P. Roberts; Philippe P. Papin (May 26, 2021). "Hurricane Laura" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ↑ John L. Beven II; Robbie Berg (March 31, 2021). "Hurricane Marco" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- ↑ John L. Beven II (March 17, 2021). "Tropical Storm Hernan" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (February 1, 2021). "Tropical Storm Iselle" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (January 31, 2021). "Tropical Storm Omar" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
- ↑ Daniel P. Brown (December 7, 2020). "Hurricane Nana" (PDF). Tropcial Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Daniel P. Brown (January 20, 2021). "Tropical Storm Julio" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Andy S. Latto (April 1, 2021). "Hurricane Paulette" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- ↑ John P. Cangialosi (January 7, 2021). "Tropical Storm Rene" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ↑ Robbie Berg; Bard J. Reinhart (April 14, 2021). "Hurricane Sally" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ↑ Eric S. Blake (April 28, 2021). "Hurricane Teddy" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
- ↑ Andy S. Latto (January 29, 2021). "Tropical Storm Karina" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Richard J. Pasch (March 6, 2020). "Tropical Storm Vicky" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 6, 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Daniel P. Brown (January 28, 2021). "Subtropical Storm Alpha" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
- ↑ John L. Beven II; Robbie Berg (April 6, 2021). "Tropical Storm Beta" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 7, 2021.
- ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (December 31, 2020). "Tropical Storm Wilfred" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
- ↑ John P. Cangialosi (December 2, 2020). "Tropical Storm Lowell" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Philippe P. Papin (February 18, 2021). "Hurricane Marie" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Andrew S. Latto (April 17, 2021). "Hurricane Gamma" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ↑ John P. Cangialosi; Robbie Berg (April 19, 2021) [Original report date 30 March]. "Hurricane Delta" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
- ↑ Eric S. Blake (March 15, 2021). "Tropical Storm Norbert" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Philippe P. Papin (April 9, 2021). "Hurricane Epsilon" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- ↑ Eric Blake; Robbie Berg; Andrew Hagen (May 10, 2021). "Hurricane Zeta" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
- ↑ Richard J. Pasch; Brad J. Reinhart; Robbie Berg; David P. Roberts (June 9, 2021). "Hurricane Eta" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- ↑ Richard J. Pasch (April 13, 2021). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Odalys (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- ↑ John L. Beven II (April 12, 2021). "Tropical Storm Theta" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (May 18, 2021). "Hurricane Iota" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ John L. Beven II (March 17, 2021). "Tropical Storm Polo" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)
External links
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