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Criticism of the Islamic Republic of Iran

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

Criticism of the Islamic Republic of Iran (or Criticism of the Iranian Government) encompasses a wide range of subjects concerning the actions and policies of the Islamic Republic government.

Background[edit]

The Islamic Republic was established in 1979, at which time it introduced restrictive legislation concerning the press, "in particular forbidding criticism of the Islamic Republic."[1] Any form of criticism of the Islamic Republic or its officials was condemned as treason.[2] According to the Iranian judicial system, criticism of Iranian regime’s religious body ("velayeti feqî") can also be seen as "waging war against God", a charge that carries severe consequences including imprisonment or the death penalty.[3][4][5]

1980s[edit]

In June 1981, a major protest took place in Iran criticizing the Islamic Republic's impeachment of the then president Abolhassan Banisadr. Also during the 1980s, a series of assassinations took place throughout Iran where intellectuals criticizing the Islamic Republic were murdered.

In 1988, Ayatollah Montazeri argued that post-revolutionary Iran was not being ruled as an Islamic state, also criticizing the blanket authorization to mass execute political prisoners in 1988. Iranian authorities viewed Montazeri’s criticism as defending "'the liberals' – a code word for those who espoused Western ideas and criticism of the Islamic Republic."[6] Montazeri later ceased being the designated successor to the Ayatollah Khomeini and "became persona non grata with the revolutionary regime", with authorities ordering his picture to be removed from mosques and government offices.[7][8][9]

1990s[edit]

In July 1999, another major public protest took place criticizing government corruption.

2000 – 2010[edit]

Hossein Kazemeyni Boroujerdi, a former Iranian Twelver Shi'i Muslim Ayatollah and cleric, was jailed in 2007 by the Iranian government for his criticisms of supreme leader Ali Khamenei.[10][11][12]

Mostafa Tajzadeh, a former deputy interior minister and critic of the Iranian government, was sentenced to five years in prison in 2009.[13] Abolfazl Ghadyani and Abdollah Nouri have also faced charges for criticizing the Islamic Republic.[14][15] Iranian reformist Faezeh Hashemi also faced backlash during this period for criticizing the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.[16]

In 2009, protests such as Ashura protests and 2009 Iranian presidential election protests took place criticizing alleged voting fraud and irregularities. Also the 2011–2012 Iranian protests were a series of demonstrations against corruption and alleged electoral fraud during 2009 elections.

2010 – 2020[edit]

Between 2010 and 2020 there were several public protests in Iran criticizing the government of the Islamic including the 2017–2018 Iranian protests, the 2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests, the 2018 protests in Iran, August 2018 uprising in Iran, and 2018 Iranian protest movement. The 2019 protests in Iran were also a series of protests criticizing the Islamic Republic of Iran government.

In 2018, shortage of drinking water in Iranian provinces led to the 2018 Iranian water protests. The Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests criticized the shoot down of Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 and its subsequent denial by the Iranian Government.

2020 – 2022[edit]

Government price hikes on food and policies surrounding low wages and poor working conditions led several protests including the 2021 Iran workers' strike, 2022 Iranian food protests.

The 2021–2022 Iranian protests are ongoing protests in Iran in continuation with several previous protests criticizing the Iranian government.

Hostage diplomacy[edit]

Further information: List of foreign nationals detained in Iran

Critics have accused the Iranian regime of using hostage diplomacy.[17][18][19] Modern Iranian hostage diplomacy began soon after the Iranian revolution with the Iran hostage crisis.[20] Some notable cases include Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, Jolie King, Kylie Moore-Gilbert, Morad Tahbaz, Kamal Foroughi, Aras Amiri, Kameel Ahmady, and Anousheh Ashouri.[21]

In late-September, 2019, when questioned about Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani compared the imprisonment of foreigners in Iran to the imprisonment of Iranians in Western countries—saying that leaders on both sides were denying power over the decisions of their own judiciary, and that "we must all" exert "a constant, concerted effort... so... all prisoners must be free... but it must be a path that travels both ways."[22]

Targeting opponents abroad[edit]

Main articles: Iranian assassination plot of ASMLA leadership in Denmark, 2022 Iranian operative murder plot, 2013 Camp Ashraf massacre, and Kazem Rajavi

The Iranian government has a "long history of targeting opponents abroad."[23][24]

In 2020, Iranian diplomat Assadollah Assadi and three other Iranians were arrested in Belgium and charged with plotting to bomb a 2018 rally of National Council of Resistance of Iran, a political wing of the exiled Iranian political party People's Mujahedin of Iran in France. A trial later confirmed that Assadi had smuggled explosives from Iran and was acting on instructions of high-ranking Iranian officials.[25][26][27][28][29][30]

In 2022, the US Department of Justice charged an Iranian agent with "plotting to assassinate former President Donald Trump's national security advisor John Bolton."[31][32][33][34]

Propaganda[edit]

Main articles: Propaganda in Iran, Great Satan, List of Iranian news agencies, and Mass media in Iran
Qasem Soleimani killing a crocodile (USA) with Iran's flag

The Iranian government has been criticized for its propaganda campaigns in Iran and abroad.[35][36][37] In June 2021 the U.S. Justice Department seized 36 websites linked to Iran, "many of them associated with either disinformation activities or violent organizations".[38]

Holocaust denialism[edit]

Iranian officials have been criticized for holocaust denialism.[39][40]

In 2006, Tehran hosted the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, a conference that was described by international media outlets as a "Holocaust denial conference" which drew strong international criticism.[41][42]

Government response[edit]

According to Iranian officials, "criticism of the Islamic Republic are driven by external forces intent on destroying it."[43]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Warnaar, Maaike (2013). Iranian Foreign Policy during Ahmadinejad: Ideology and Actions. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137337917. Search this book on
  2. ↑ Monshipouri, Mahmood (2013). Inside the Islamic Republic: Social Change in Post-Khomeini Iran. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-754801-1. Search this book on
  3. ↑ "Iranian regime threatens demonstrators with execution". ANF.
  4. ↑ "An Iranian Worldview". USMCU.
  5. ↑ "IRAN 2021 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT" (PDF). State.gov.
  6. ↑ Akhavi, Shahrough (2008). "The Thought and Role of Ayatollah Hossein'ali Montazeri in the Politics of Post-1979 Iran". Iranian Studies. 41 (5): 645–666. doi:10.1080/00210860802518301. JSTOR 25597507. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ "Grand Ayatollah Hussein Ali Montazeri: Ayatollah Khomeini's designated successor who fell out of favour with Iran's revolutionary leader". The Independent.
  8. ↑ "IRANIAN CLERIC DISPUTES AYATOLLAH'S RIGHT TO RULE". Washington Post.
  9. ↑ "Iran releases dissident cleric". BBC News. 30 January 2003. Retrieved 8 June 2007.
  10. ↑ Sadeq Saba (8 October 2006). "Iran arrests controversial cleric". BBC News.
  11. ↑ Arbitrary arrest/ fear for safety/possible prisoners of conscience/medical concern/torture and ill-treatment, amnesty.org, 10 August 2007
  12. ↑ Supporters Say Jailed Iranian Cleric In Poor Health rferl July 07, 2011
  13. ↑ "Iranian opposition figure Mostafa Tajzadeh sentenced to five years in prison". Le Monde.fr. 13 October 2022.
  14. ↑ "Iran Jails a Critic". NY Times.
  15. ↑ "Iran: Stop 'Framing' Government Critics". HRW. 21 July 2009.
  16. ↑ "Iranian Reformist faces backlash from hard-liners for criticizing IRGC". AL Monitor.
  17. ↑ "Belgian MPs approve controversial prisoner exchange treaty with Iran". Euronews.
  18. ↑ "Vote postponed on Belgium-Iran prisoners transfer deal following criticism". Brusselstimes.
  19. ↑ "U.S. accuses Iran of hostage diplomacy as British sailors arrive home". South Coast Today.
  20. ↑ Philip, Catherine. "Kylie Moore-Gilbert: Iran uses crises to get what it wants". The Times. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ Staff, Foreign (11 September 2019). "Iran's 'hostage diplomacy': All the known detainees with British links". The Daily Telegraph. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ Rouhani, Hassan (President of Iran), with Christiane Amanpour: interview (video and transcript), October 1, 2019 (replay of excerpt of September 30, 2019 interview), Amanpour and Company, PBS-TV, retrieved November 13, 2021
  23. ↑ Callaghan, Matthew Campbell and Louise. "A mystery woman, a promise of cash, and the Tehran spider caught its fly" – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  24. ↑ Miriam Berger; Babak Dehghanpisheh (November 16, 2022). "Iran targets Iranian journalists abroad as it faces uprising at home".
  25. ↑ "Iranian diplomat skips terror trial for bomb plot that targeted UK MPs among others". Independent.co.uk. 27 November 2020.
  26. ↑ "Iran diplomat to stand trial in Belgium over 'France bomb plot'". BBC News. 27 November 2020.
  27. ↑ "Iranian diplomat misses first day of his trial over 2018 terror plot". TheGuardian.com. 27 November 2020.
  28. ↑ "Iranian Diplomat on Trial in Belgium, Charged with Plotting Attack". Voice of America.
  29. ↑ "Grounds for Optimism as Justice and Accountability Take Priority in Dealing with Iran". intpolicydigest.org. 9 January 2021.
  30. ↑ "Bags of Cash and a Bomb Plot: Inside a Covert Iranian Operation in Europe". Wall Street Journal.
  31. ↑ "U.S. charges Iranian military operative in plot to assassinate former Trump advisor John Bolton". CNBC.
  32. ↑ "US charges Iranian man over alleged plot to kill ex-Trump aide John Bolton". The Guardian. 10 August 2022.
  33. ↑ "Member of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Charged with Plot to Murder the Former National Security Advisor". Justice.gov. 10 August 2022.
  34. ↑ "Iranian military operative charged in plot to murder former national security adviser John Bolton". CBS News.
  35. ↑ "Why Iran keeps making anti-American propaganda videos". The Observers - France 24. August 31, 2016.
  36. ↑ "Defying Iran's propaganda: Teens dance hip-hop, listen to Harry Styles and read NY Times best sellers". The Observers - France 24. August 24, 2022.
  37. ↑ "State TV's lies and propaganda don't fool the Iranian people". Arab News. July 4, 2022.
  38. ↑ "US has to shut down biowarfare labs to save the world from pandemics". Reuters. 23 June 2021. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  39. ↑ "Iran's Supreme Leader Criticized For Equating Cartoons Of Prophet Muhammad With Holocaust Denial". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty.
  40. ↑ Strozewski, Zoe (September 19, 2022). "Iranian President Blasted for Questioning if Holocaust Was Real". Newsweek.
  41. ↑
  42. ↑ Amir Taheri. The Persian Night: Iran Under the Khomeinist Revolution, Encounter Books, 2010, p. 143.
  43. ↑ "Ebadi Urges World Action to Weaken Iran Rulers on Revolution Anniversary". VOA.


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