Edward Sidney Hyman
| Edward Sidney Hyman | |
|---|---|
| Born | Edward Sidney Hyman January 22, 1925 |
| March 9, 2004 (aged 79)March 9, 2004 (aged 79) | |
| 🏳️ Nationality | American |
| 💼 Occupation | Physician, Inventor, Scientist in Medicine and Biophysics |
| 📆 Years active | 50 years |
| 👩 Spouse(s) | Jean Simons Hyman |
| 👶 Children | 4 |
Edward Sidney Hyman born in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 22, 1925 and died March 9, 2004.[1] He was an American physician, medical scientist, inventor and biophysicist. His most important achievements were: the discovery of the etiology of two new diseases: Acquired Iron-Deficiency Anemia [2] and Systemic Coccal Disease[3], and the invention of the Artificial Disposable Plastic Heart-Lung Device.[4]
Early life and education[edit]
Hyman graduated from Louisiana State University in 1944 and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1946. From 1946 and 1947, he was an intern at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University. From 1949-1951 he was a resident at Stanford Hospital Stanford Medical School. From 1951-1953 he was a resident at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Harvard University. He served on active duty in the U.S. Navy from 1947-1949.
Medical career[edit]
In 1953 Hyman established his private practice of Internal Medicine in New Orleans, to see diseases in the raw before they had been modified. In his adjacent bacteriology laboratory, he examined urines, and catheterized urine of women, of every patient to develop a method to detect bacteria in urine. Dr. Barry Wood had taught him to go from the patient to the laboratory and back to the patient. In 1953 as a clinical instructor in medicine at Louisiana State University Medical School and Director of the Kidney Unit at Charity Hospital, he introduced the kidney dialysis machine, personally dialyzed patients from seventeen months to seventy eighty-years and built an adjacent laboratory to do research in renal failure, salt and water metabolism, and renal excretion of salt water. [5] [6] [7].
His research extended to the disposable artificial plastic heart-lung device which he invented in 1954 and which was licensed and distributed by Abbott Laboratories. The device sustained a dog's circulation on a pump that drew blood from a central vein and pumped it about five feet and bubbled oxygen through it on a polyvinyl bag with silicone coating to prevent foaming. The aerated blood returned by gravity to a major artery. The device bypassed all the blood from the heart and took over the function of the heart and lungs allowing the surgeon to work with a "dry heart".[8] [9] [10] [11]
In 1983, he described a new disease which causes anemia, Acquired Iron-Deficiency Anemia.[12] [13]. The patient's immune system produced auto-antibodies targeting the iron transport protein on the cell surface of erythrocyte precursors. The binding of this auto-antibody blocked iron transport from the patient's serum into these precursor cells. [14] However, due to the impaired ability of iron transport into erythrocyte precursor cells, the patient displayed the classic symptoms of anemia.
In 1992, he developed a novel method of detecting bacteria in urine that were undetected by conventional methods. He developed a chemical system to secure bacteria to microscopic glass slides and a method of staining, identifying, and counting bacteria, living and dead, in sediments of urine and other fluids.[15][non-primary source needed] In 1993 and 1994 he described Systemic Coccal Disease.[16][non-primary source needed] Diseases that are thought of as distinct and unrelated such as hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, dermatomyositis, nephrosis, glomerulonephritis, lupus erythematous are variants of a single disease stemming from the same bacterial cause. To treat these diseases, he gave the patient an antibiotic and observed by his detection method the bacteria in the urine. If the antibiotic was ineffective in reducing the bacteria in the urine, the treatment was adjusted by changing the antibiotic dose, adding another antibiotic, or changing the antibiotics all together. After prolonged antibiotic therapy, the treatment resulted in the disappearance of the bacteria and the resolution of the of the illness. In 1997, he conducted a randomized double blind placebo-controlled study funded by the Department of Defense to treat Gulf War veterans who suffered from Gulf War syndrome. His study demonstrated that the Gulf War Syndrome was bacterial in origin and prolonged treatment with antibiotics resolved the illness.
Patents[edit]
Patent #3,101,083 Heart-Lung Device [17]
Patent #3,305,457 Hydrocarbon Detection[18]
Patent #4,673,637 Method For Detecting Bacteria In Urine And For Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis, Essential Hypertension And Other Diseases Associated With Bacteriuria [19]
Patent #4,992,365 Method Of Detecting Bacteria In Urine [20]
Other activities[edit]
From 1965 to 1984 he conducted research in biophysics, studying the transfer of sodium ions across membranes. [21] He studied the physical chemistry of sodium in aqueous solution, sodium potassium ATPase in cell membranes[22], chelation of magnesium, transport of irons across biological membranes, ionophores, and sphingomyelinases. [23] [24]
In 1979 he invented a method for transmitting electrocardiograms by telephone for long distance diagnosing of heart conditions.
From 1978-1980 he was a consultant for the Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans. An activated carbon filtration system was proposed for purifying the public tap water in New Orleans. This system would have seriously contaminated the tap water with toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and arsenic. As a result of his testimony at Hearings in Washington, Dallas and New Orleans the defective carbon system was never implemented, thereby averting a public health crisis.[citation needed]
He also assisted in forming The Council of Medical Staff which later became known as Private Doctors of America, holding the position of Vice-President. Their mission was to support patient rights to choose a physician as well as for physicians to have complete autonomy in serving their patients without outside interference and preserve the right to privacy.[citation needed]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Funeral notice: Hyman". Times-Picayune (New Orleans). March 10, 2004. p. 5.
Dr. Edward Sidney Hyman, age 79, died on Tues, March 9, 2004 at his residence.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward S. (1983). "Acquired Iron-Deficiency Anaemia Due to Impaired Iron Transport". The Lancet. 1 (8316): 91–5. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91741-5. PMID 6129457. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Hyman, Edward S. (1994). "A Urinary Marker for Occult Systemic Coccal Disease". Nephron. 68 (3): 314–26. doi:10.1159/000188393. PMID 7530812.
- ↑ Edward, Hyman. "Artificial Heart Lung Patent". Google Patents. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward (1955). "Clinical Summary of Salt and Water Metabolism". Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society. 107 (3): 100–7. PMID 14354353. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward (1957). "Clinical Use of the Artificial Kidney". Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society. 109 (11): 406–15. PMID 13481489. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward (1959). "Some Observations on the Organic Acids in Acute Renal Failure". Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs. 5: 95-101. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward (1959). "A Method of Introducing Blood into a Reservoir". Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs. 5: 238-239. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, E.S.; Rosenberg, D.; Hyman, A.; Sayegh, S; Kahle, R. (1956). "A Simple Artificial Heart-Lung; An Approach to Open Heart Surgery. Preliminary Report". Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society. 108 (4): 134–7. PMID 13307133. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward (1956). "Simple Disposable Autoclavable Plastic Unit to Substitute for Heart and Lungs". Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs. 2: 1-5. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, ES (1961). "Linear System for Quantitating Hydrogen at a Platinum Electrode". Journal of the American Heart Association. 9 (5): 1093–7. doi:10.1161/01.RES.9.5.1093. PMID 14450338. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Hyman, Edward (1983). "Acquired Iron-Deficiency Anaemia Due to Impaired Iron Transport". The Lancet. 1 (8316): 91–95. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91741-5. PMID 6129457. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Larrick, JW.; Hyman, ES (1984). "Acquired Iron-Deficiency Anaemia Caused by an Antibody Against the Transferrin Receptor". The New England Journal of Medicine. 311 (4): 214–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM198407263110402. PMID 6330553.
- ↑ Larrick, JW; Hyman, ES (1984). "Acquired Iron-Deficiency Anaemia Caused by an Antibody Against the Transferrin Receptor". New England Journal of Medicine. 311 (4): 214–218. doi:10.1056/NEJM198407263110402. PMID 6330553.
- ↑ Hyman, ES (1984). "Improved Microscopic Detection of Bacteriuria". Biotechnic & Histochemistry. 311 (1): 91–95. doi:10.3109/10520299209109997. PMID 1377495.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward (1994). "A Urinary Marker for Occult Systemic Coccal Disease". Nephron. 68 (3): 314–26. doi:10.1159/000188393. PMID 7530812.
- ↑ Edward, Hyman. "Artificial Heart Lung Device Patent". Google Patents. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward. "Hydrocarbon Detection Patent". Google Patents. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward. "Method for Detecting Bacteria In Urine and for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis, Essential Hypertension and Other Diseases Associated with Bacteriuria". Google Patents. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, Edward. "Method of Detecting Bacteria in Urine". Google Patents. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ↑ Hyman, ES (1962). "Direct Potentiometric Estimation of the Apparent Activity of the Sodium Ion. Use of a Salt Bridge". Analytical Chemistry. 34 (3): 365-370. doi:10.1021/ac60183a019.
- ↑ Hyman, ES (1977). "Electrogenesis from a ATPase-ATP-Sodium Pseudo Pump". Journal of Membrane Biology. 37 (3–4): 263–75. doi:10.1007/BF01940935. PMID 146090. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Hyman, AL; Jaques, WE; Hyman, ES (1956). "Observations on the Direct Effect of Digoxin on Renal Excretion of Sodium and Water". The American Heart Journal. 52 (4): 592–608. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(56)90048-5. PMID 13362065.
- ↑ Hyman, ES (1980). "A Study of the Rate of Chelation of Magnesium by CDTA and EDTA in the ATP(Na+ + K+)-ATPase System". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 600 (2): 553–70. doi:10.1016/0005-2736(80)90456-3. PMID 6250599.
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