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European diaspora

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

Regions with significant populations
White people ancestry worldwide
 United States223,553,265[1]
 Brazil98,051,646[2]
 Argentina38,900,000[3]
 Canada25,186,890[4]
 Australia20,982,665[citation needed]
 Mexico20,100,000+[5][6]
 Colombia18,519,500[7][8]
 Venezuela13,169,949[9][10][11]
 Cuba10,160,399[12]
 South Africa7,472,100[13]
 Chile3,5M-5,128,000[14][15]
 Costa Rica3,500,000[5]
 New Zealand3,381,076[16]
 Uruguay3,151,095[17]
 Puerto Rico3,064,862[18]
 Guatemala2,490,000[19]
 Dominican Republic2,000,000+[11]
 Peru1,4M - 4,4M+[11][20]
 Bolivia2,000,000+[11]
 Ecuador1,400,000+[21]
 Paraguay1,300,000+[5]
 Nicaragua1,000,000+[11]
Languages
Languages of Europe
(mostly English and Spanish
minoritily Portuguese and French)
Religion
Majority Christianity
(mostly Catholic and Protestant, some Orthodox)
Irreligion  · Other Religions Non-European Ethnocultural Affiliations:
Jewish · Muslim · Buddhist · Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Europeans

The European diaspora consists of European emigration and their descendants who emigrated from Europe and played a key role, particularly in the Americas and Australia.[23][24]

From 1815 to 1932, 60 million people left Europe (with many returning home), primarily to "areas of European settlement" in the Americas (especially to the United States, Canada, Argentina and Brazil), Australia, New Zealand and Siberia.[25] These populations also multiplied rapidly in their new habitat; much more so than the populations of Africa and Asia. As a result, on the eve of World War I, 38% of the world’s total population was of European ancestry.[25]

Magnitude and Scale of Emigration[edit]

The discovery of the Americas in 1492 stimulated a steady stream of voluntary migration from Europe. About 200,000 Spaniards settled in their American colonies prior to 1600, a small settlement compared to the 3 to 4 million Amerindians who lived in Spanish territory in the Americas but then it grew the number of Spanish immigrants in addition to other European population of Romance language (French and Italian). In Brazil the European emigration remained very small in the first two centuries of colonization: between 1500 and 1700, only 100,000 Portuguese settled there. However, the development of the mining economy in the 18th century raised the wages and employment opportunities in the Portuguese colony and the emigration grew: in the 18th century alone, about 600,000 Portuguese settled in Brazil, a mass emigration given that Portugal had a population of only 2 million people. In North America the immigration was dominated by British, Irish and other Northern Europeans.[26]

Post-independence emigration[edit]

Mass European emigration to the Americas happened in the 19th and 20th centuries. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars until 1920, some 60 million Europeans (and 10 million Asians) emigrated. Of these, 71% went to North America, 21% to Latin America (mainly Argentina and Brazil) and 7% to Australia. About 11 million of these people went to Latin America, of whom 38% were Italians, 28% were Spaniards and 11% were Portuguese.[27]

Between 1821 and 1880, 9.5 million Europeans settled in the United States, mainly Germans and Irish. Other waves included British and Scandinavian people. Despite the large number of immigrants arriving, people born outside of the United States formed a relatively small number of U.S. population: in 1910, foreigners were 14.7% of the country's population. Nothing similar to what happened in Argentina, which was the American country where immigrants had a larger impact in the ethnic composition. By 1914, 30% of Argentina's population was foreign-born, with 12% of its population born in Italy, the largest immigrant group. Next was Canada: by 1881, 14% of Canada's population was foreign-born, and the proportion increased to 22% in 1921. In Brazil the proportion of immigrants in the national population was much smaller, and immigrants tended to be concentrated in the central and Southern parts of the country. The proportion of foreigners in Brazil peaked in 1920, with just 7%, mostly Italians, Portuguese, and Spaniards.[26] In 1901–1920 immigration was responsible for only 7 percent of Brazilian population growth but in the years of high immigration, 1891–1900, the share was as high as 30 percent (higher than Argentina's 26% in the 1880s).[28]

The countries in the Americas that received a major wave of European immigrants from the mid-1800s to the mid-1900s were: the United States (32.6 million), Argentina (6.5 million), Canada (5.1 million), Brazil (4.4 million), Cuba (1.4 million), Uruguay (713,000).[29] Other countries received a more modest immigration flow (accounting for less than 10% of total European emigration to Latin America) were: Mexico (270,000), Colombia (126,000), Chile (90,000), Puerto Rico (62,000), Peru (30,000), and Paraguay (21,000).[29][28]

Immigration arrivals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries[edit]

Destination Years Arrivals Reference
United States United States 1821–1932 32,244,000 [30]
Argentina Argentina 1856–1932 6,405,000 [30]
Canada Canada 1831–1932 5,206,000 [30]
Brazil Brazil 1821–1932 4,431,000 [30]
Australia Australia 1821–1932 2,913,000 [30]
Cuba Cuba 1901–1931 857,000 [30]
South Africa South Africa 1881–1932 852,000 [30]
Uruguay Uruguay 1836–1932 713,000 [30]
New Zealand New Zealand 1821–1932 594,000 [30]
Mexico Mexico 1911–1931 226,000 [30]

Present population data[edit]

Country
Continent or region 		(Recent)
% of total population
 Population in
(thousands & millions) 		Year Ref(s)
North America N/D 279.6m
Costa Rica Costa Rica 82.7% 3.8 Lizcano3 [5]
Canada Canada 76.7% 25.1 2011 Census [4]
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (U.S.) 75.8% 2.8 2010 Census [31]
United States United States 72.4% 223.5 2010 Census [1]
France Saint Barthélemy (Fr) - - - -
Cuba Cuba 64.1% 7.2 2012 Census [12]
Bermuda Bermuda (UK) 31.0% 19,938 2010 Census [32]
Guatemala Guatemala 18% 2.4 INE 2010 [19]
Nicaragua Nicaragua 17.0% 1 WFB2 [33]
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 13.6% or 16% 2.0 2006, WFB1 [34]
United States Virgin Islands U.S. Virgin Islands (U.S.) 15.6% 16,646 2010 Census [35]
Panama Panama 6.7% est. - 2010 WFB2 [36]
Mexico Mexico 9% or 15% 10.8 or 16.8 WFB2, Lizcano3 [5][6]
El Salvador El Salvador 12.7% 0.7 2007 Census [37]
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos (UK) 7.90% 1,562 2001 Census [38]
British Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (UK) 6.90% - 2001 Census [39]
The Bahamas The Bahamas 5.0% 16,598 2010 Census [40]
Anguilla Anguilla (UK) 3.2% 431 2011 Census [41]
Barbados Barbados 2.7% 6,135 2010 Census [42]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines St. Vincent 1.4% 1,478 2001 Census [43]
South America N/D 173.5m
Uruguay Uruguay 87.7% 2.8 2011 Census [17]
Argentina Argentina 85% 34.6 WFB1, Lizcano3 [5][44][45]
Chile Chile 52.7% 9.1 Lizcano3 [5]
Brazil Brazil 47.7% 91.0 2010 Census [46]
Venezuela Venezuela 42.2% 11.9 2011 Census [47]
Colombia Colombia 37.0% 17 2010 study est [48][49]
Paraguay Paraguay 20.0% 1.3 Lizcano3 [5]
Peru Peru 6.0% or 15% 4.5 2012 ENAHO, WFB2 [50][51]
Ecuador Ecuador 6.1% 1.3 2010 Census [52]
Bolivia Bolivia 5.0% - WFB2 [53]
Australia and Oceania N/D 22,983,042
Australia Australia 90.0% 20 2006 Census [54][55]
New Zealand New Zealand 74.0% 2.9 2013 Census [56]
New Caledonia New Caledonia (Fr) 29.2% 71,721 2009 Census [57]
Guam Guam (U.S.) 7.10% 11,321 2010 Census [58]
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands (U.S.) 2.4% 1,117 2010 Census [59]
Africa N/D 4.6m
South Africa South Africa 8.9% 4.5 2011 Census [60]
Namibia Namibia 4.0% or 7.0% 75-100,000 est. [61]
^2 CIA The World Factbook.
^3 Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XX by Francisco Lizcano Fernández.

The number above refer to those who self-described as white in the census. Exclude those who self describe as mixed race with European descent such as mestizo and mulatto.

By region[edit]

Nations and regions outside of Europe with significant populations of European ancestry:[62]

Map of percentage of people with European ancestry, showing the European diaspora. (The map is based on data from this article: European diaspora, censuses and articles quoted in the file description.)

Africa[edit]

Main article: White African
Further information: Colonisation of Africa and Decolonisation of Africa

About 0-1 percent of the populations in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, usually are in the professional business elites. Not limited to Europeans, the "white" population includes Arab peoples: Lebanese and Syrians.[68]

Asia[edit]

Further information: Western imperialism in Asia

Small communities of European, white American and white Australian expatriates live in East and Southeast Asia, such as China, Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Singapore.

Small communities of European, white American and white Australian expatriates in the Persian Gulf countries like Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the UAE; and in Aramco compounds in Saudi Arabia. Historically before 1970, small ethnic European (esp. Greek and Italian) enclaves were found in Egypt (Greeks in Egypt, Italian Egyptians) and Syria (Greeks in Syria).

Americas[edit]

Further information: European colonization of the Americas and History of immigration to the United States
Part of a series on
European colonization
of the Americas

Total European population in the Americas—approximately 446,394,000

Europeans in Northern America[edit]

Europeans in Latin America and the Caribbean[edit]

  • Middle America (including Central America and the Caribbean) and South America (see White Latin American) -- Total European population approximately 197,094,000
    •  Argentina – 79% of the population or 38,900,000, may include an unknown percentage of mestizos and mulattos.[96] Other sources[97] put 86.4% of the population as white, with a higher number of mestizos.
    •  Bahamas (European Bahamian) – 12% of the population or 39,600, the majority are African or other races.[98]
    •  Barbados (White Barbadian) – 4% of the population or 11,238, it's thought to be the highest of all British West Indies islands.[99]
    •  Bermuda – 34.1% of the population or 23,064, with a black or part-white/black majority.[100]
    •  Bolivia – 15% of the population or 1,636,000, the country except for Paraguay and Ecuador have the lowest white populations of South America.[101]
    •  Brazil (White Brazilian) – 49.7% of the population or 93,000,000. Another 42.6% are pardos of mixed White, African and/or Amerindian descent (showed by genetic research to be of predominant European ancestry). Afro-Brazilians by genetical research showed to be of about 37.1% European ancestry (the majority inherited by colonial or Imperial times and of Portuguese origin). Some people of claimed Asian and Indigenous origin can also have European descent.[102]
    •  Chile – 52.7% (9,100,000) is white in Chile.[103]
    •  Colombia – 86% of the population are (white Colombian) or part white (mestizo or mulatto).[7][8]
    •  Costa Rica – up to 90% white and/or mestizo (European and Amerindian descent); 80-85% is white and 10-15% mestizo, or 3,827,000 (3,400,000 and 427,000).[104]
    •  Cuba – 64.1% of the population or 7,160,399[12]
    •  Dominican Republic – 16% of the population or 1,655,959 is white and an additional 73% are mulatto or 7,555,311. In total, 89% of the Dominican population is either fully or partially of European ancestry.[105]
    •  Ecuador – 6% of the population or 940,000, while 72% are mestizos.[106]
    •  El Salvador – 9% of the population or 720,000, but the remainder 90% have some European ancestry.[107]
    •  French Guiana – 12% of the population or 26,000, but the French government insists all citizens of France regardless of race are "French".[108]
    •  Guatemala 18% of the population or 2,490,000 people.
    •  Haiti – 4% of the population in Haiti are white and mulatto (both African and European ancestry) and 1% European, or 97,000. White Haitians are chiefly of French, Italian, or German origin not including Middle Eastern & North American whites. This figure excludes the percentage of Haitians with less than noticeable European admixture.
    •  Jamaica – Approximately 2% of the population or 40,000 people are White, mainly British, American, and Portuguese (This number increases to 60,000 people and 3% of the total population when Arabs and Lebanese are included). However, the vast majority of the population in Jamaica have some degree of European Ancestry.[109]
    •  Martinique – 2% of the population or 8,000, with another 3% mulatto descent.[110]
    •  Mexico[111] (White Mexican) – About 16.5% of the population European or about 20,160,000, and an additional 70% of mixed European and Amerindian descent[112][6][113]
    •  Nicaragua – 17% of the population or 1,000,000 people, and 69% mestizo.[114]
    •  Panama 14.0% of the population is White of European origin or 352,000 people, 58.1% mestizo, 7% mulatto, 6.7% Amerindian, 5.5% Asian, and 7.1% other (2000 Census).
    •  Puerto Rico 75.8% of the population or 3,620,897 self identify as having European ancestry. 12.4% is of black or African-American ancestry and 8.5% are of other ancestry, including American Indian. 3.3% identify as mixed.[115]
    •  Peru (European Peruvian) – 15% of the population or 3,425,000, about 40% mestizo or partial European descent.[116]
    •  Suriname – Surinamese Creoles, mixed people descending from West African slaves and mostly Dutch Europeans, form 15.7 percent of the population.
    •  Trinidad and Tobago – 1.7% of European descent or 24,600, mainly British, Spanish, French, German, and Portuguese, with a number of Scandinavian descent, although 30-40% have East Indian or 5% are Lebanese/Syrian Arab backgrounds.[117]
    •  Venezuela (white Venezuelan) – 42,2% of the population or 11,490,018, about 49,9% are part white (mestizo or partial European descent.) making it 92,1% of the population white and/or mestizo (European and Amerindian descent) or 25,076,755.[118]
    •  Uruguay – 88% of the population or 3,074,000, the rest have various levels of European descent.[119]
    •  Saint Barthélemy—90% or 7,940; Saint Martin (Statistics not available).[120]
    •  Falkland Islands, 100% European of British descent—total population 3,140.

The Virgin Islands divided between U.S. Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands, each have a small European minority.

Oceania[edit]

Main article: Europeans in Oceania
  • Oceania -- Total population of Europeans in Oceania is approximately 23,185,000 or approximately 22,818,000 excluding Hawaii.
    •  Australia (European Australian) – 93.2% of the population or 20,299,000 people. People of aboriginal extraction number about 548,400, of which approximately 60,000 can speak Australian languages or Kriol.[121]
    •  New Zealand (New Zealand European) – 59.1% of the population or 2,361,000, plus some Māori of mixed white-European descent.
    •  New Caledonia (Caldoche) – 44.6% of the population or about 112,050; the territory is under French rule.
    •  French Polynesia – 10% of the population (mostly French with some white Americans) or 26,700, and 6 to 8% are Euronesian (part white-Polynesian).[122]
    •  Hawaii – Europeans are 27.1% of the population (2008 survey) or 367,000 (called Haoles), although 65% of all Hawaiians have white-European descent.
    •  Guam – 10% of the population have Spanish and white American descent (2000 Census) or about 17,800 people. Guam has a history of Spanish settlement before 1900, now a U.S. territory.[123]
    •  Norfolk Island, about 50% British-Polynesian from Pitcairn Island (1,070 people) and 50% white-British descent mainly via Australia (1,070 people).

Contemporary European diasporas[edit]

Further information: List of diasporas
3
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.

Potential emigrants[edit]

According to a 2010 Gallup study, an estimated 80 million adults in the European Union would prefer to emigrate if given free choice. About half of these would migrate to another country within the EU. The remaining 40 million have a desired destination outside of the EU, about 14 million would migrate to North America (USA or Canada), and 9 million to Australia or New Zealand.[124]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010 Census Briefs". US Census Bureau. March 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2011.
  2. ↑ "Tabelas de resultados Branca Preta Amarela Parda Indígena Sem declaração" (PDF). 8 November 2011. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  3. ↑ "South America : Argentina : People and society". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Francisco Lizcano Fernández (2005). "Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI" (PDF). UAEM. p. 218. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2008.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Mexico: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bushnell, David & Rex A. Hudson (2010) "The Society and Its Environment"; Colombia: a country study: 87. Washingtion D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "White Colombians" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-01-16.
  9. ↑ Resultado Basico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 Venezuela 2011 Census, (p. 14).
  10. ↑ http://www.ine.gob.ve/ INE : (adapted the % of 41,1% white people from the census with the actual new official census results
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 "Ethnic groups". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 2013-09-14.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "2012 Cuban Census" (PDF). one.cu (in español). 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2014.
  13. ↑ "South Africa: Statistical release P0302: Mid-year population estimates 2009: Embargoed until: 27 July 2009" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  14. ↑ "Chile". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 September 2012. Chile's ethnic makeup is largely a product of Spanish colonization. About three-fourths of Chileans are mestizo, a mixture of European and Amerindian ancestries. One fifth of Chileans are of white European (mainly Spanish) descent.
  15. ↑ Medina Lois, Ernesto; Ana María Kaempffer R. "Elementos de Salud Pública: 5.2.6. Estructura racial" [Elements of Public Health: 5.2.6. Racial structure] (in español). Universidad de Chile. Archived from the original on 16 September 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
  16. ↑ "QuickStats About Culture and Identity: Ethnic groups in New Zealand 2006". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Cabella, Wanda; Mathías Nathan; Mariana Tenenbaum (December 2013). Juan José Calvo, ed. "Atlas sociodemográfico y de la desigualdad del Uruguay, Fascículo 2: La población afro-uruguaya en el Censo 2011: Ancestry" [Atlas of socio-demographics and inequality in Uruguay, Part 2: The Afro-Uruguayan population in the 2011 Census] (PDF) (in español). Uruguay National Institute of Statistics. ISBN 978-9974-32-625-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2014.
  18. ↑ 2010 Census Data. "2010 Census Data". 2010.census.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-01-02. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 INE- Caracterización estadística República de Guatemala 2012 Retrieved, 2015/04/17.
  20. ↑ The Socioeconomic Advantages of Mestizos in Urban Peru. princeton.edu. pp. 4-5.
  21. ↑ Nacional de Estadística y Censo del Ecuador INEC.[dead link]
  22. ↑ Current World Population 2016 worldometers
  23. ↑ " To Make America": European Emigration in the Early Modern Period edited by Ida Altman, James P. P. Horn (Page: 3 onwards)
  24. ↑ The European Diaspora in Australia: An Interdisciplinary Perspective edited by Bruno Mascitelli, Sonia Mycak, Gerardo Papalia
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "European Migration and Imperialism". Archived from the original on 2010-11-22. Retrieved 2013-09-14. The population of Europe entered its third and decisive stage in the early eighteenth century. Birthrates declined, but death rates also declined as the standard of living and advances in medical science provided for longer life spans. The population of Europe including Russia more than doubled from 188 million in 1800 to 432 million in 1900. From 1815 through 1932, sixty million people left Europe, primarily to "areas of European settlement," in North and South America, Australia, New Zealand and Siberia. These populations also multiplied rapidly in their new habitat; much more so than the populations of Africa and Asia. As a result, on the eve of World War I (1914), 38 percent of the world’s total population was of European ancestry. This growth in population provided further impetus for European expansion, and became the driving force behind emigration. Rising populations put pressure on land, and land hunger and led to "land hunger." Millions of people went abroad in search of work or economic opportunity. The Irish, who left for America during the great Potato famine, were an extreme but not unique example. Ultimately, one third of all European migrants came from the British Isles between 1840 and 1920. Italians also migrated in large numbers because of poor economic conditions in their home country. German migration also was steady until industrial conditions in Germany improved when the wave of migration slowed. Less than one half of all migrants went to the United States, although it absorbed the largest number of European migrants. Others went to Asiatic Russia, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Boris Fautos – Fazer a América: a imigração em massa para a América Latina."
  27. ↑ Marília D. Klaumann Cánovas (2004). "A GRANDE IMIGRAÇÃO EUROPÉIA PARA O BRASIL E O IMIGRANTE ESPANHOL NO CENÁRIO DA CAFEICULTURA PAULISTA: ASPECTOS DE UMA (IN)VISIBILIDADE" [The great European immigration to Brazil and immigrants within the Spanish scenario of the Paulista coffee plantations: one of the issues (in) visibility] (PDF) (in português). cchla.ufpb.br. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2009.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Blanca Sánchez-Alonso (2005). "European Immigration into Latin America, 1870-1930" (PDF). docentes.fe.unl.pt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2008.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Baily, Samuel L.; Míguez, Eduardo José, eds. (2003). Mass Migration to Modern Latin America. Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America. p. 14. ISBN 0-8420-2831-5. Retrieved 3 March 2016. Search this book on
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.8 30.9 Samuel L. Baily; Eduardo José Míguez (2003). Mass Migration to Modern Latin America. Rowman & Littlefield. p. xiv. ISBN 978-0-8420-2831-8. Retrieved 20 December 2015. Search this book on
  31. ↑ "Puerto Rico: People; Ethnic groups". 2010.census.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-04-14.
  32. ↑ "Bermuda: 2010 Census of Population & Housing Final Results" (PDF). Bermuda Department of Statistics. December 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  33. ↑ "Nicaragua: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
  34. ↑ "D.R.: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
  35. ↑ 2010 Census U.S. Virgin Islands: Race
  36. ↑ "Panama: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
  37. ↑ "El Salvador: Censos de Población 2007" [El Salvador: Population Census 2007] (PDF) (in español). digestyc.gob.sv. 2008. p. 13. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  38. ↑ Turks and Caicos 2001 Census (Page: 22)
  39. ↑ National Population Census Report 2001, The British Virgin Islands Percentage Distribution of Population by Ethnic Group, Intercensal Change and Sex, 1991 and 2001 White/Caucasian 6.80% + Portuguese 0.10%.
  40. ↑ Bahamas 2010 census TOTAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND RACIAL GROUP "In 1722 when the first official census of The Bahamas was taken, 74% of the population was white and 26% black. Three centuries later, and according to the 99% response rate obtained from the race question on the 2010 Census questionnaire, 91% of the population identified themselves as being black, five percent (5%) white and two percent (2%) of a mixed race (black and white) and (1%) other races and (1%) not stated." (Page: 10 and 82)
  41. ↑ Anguilla Population and Housing Census (AP&HC) 2011 Who are we? – Ethnic Composition and Religious Affiliation.
  42. ↑ BARBADOS - 2010 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS Table 02.03: Population by Sex, Age Group and Ethnic Origin (Page: 51-54)
  43. ↑ POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUPS (Page:16-17) 1.4% white (608 "Portuguese" and 870 other "white").
  44. ↑ Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. by David Levinson. Page 313. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998. ISBN 1-57356-019-7
  45. ↑ "The World Factbook". cia.gov. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
  46. ↑ "2010 Brazilian Census" (PDF). ibge.gov.br (in português). 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  47. ↑ Resultado Basico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011, (p. 14).
  48. ↑ Colombia a country study, 2010 (pag 86,87) (in English)
  49. ↑ Simon Schwartzman (25 July 2008). "Étnia, condiciones de vida y discriminación" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  50. ↑ ENFOQUE INTERCULTURAL-APORTES PARA LA GESTIÓN PÚBLICA La Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO 2012) Page:17.
  51. ↑ [1]'Central Intelligence Agency of the United States- (statistics) '
  52. ↑ EL UNIVERSO. "Población del país es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC". El Universo. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  53. ↑ "Bolivia: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
  54. ↑ 2006 Census Tables : Australia[dead link][original research?]
  55. ↑ "Australia: Ethnic Groups". Britannica Online for Kids. 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  56. ↑ "2013 Census QuickStats about national highlights". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  57. ↑ Estimer appartenir à une ou plusieurs communautés 2009 census - New Caledonia according to ethnic group
  58. ↑ Guam (Territory of the US) CIA Factbook - based on the 2010 official Census statistics
  59. ↑ The Northern Mariana Islands 2010 Census
  60. ↑ Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. ISBN 9780621413885. Search this book on [dead link]
  61. ↑ Namibia-Travel - retrieved 3rd February 2016
  62. ↑ Ethnic groups by country. Statistics (where available) from CIA Factbook.
  63. ↑ South Africa: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  64. ↑ Namibia: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  65. ↑ "Country – Madagascar :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  66. ↑ "Anthropometric evaluations of body composition of undergraduate students at the University of La Réunion". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  67. ↑ Botswana: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Senegal, About 50,000 Europeans (mostly French) and Lebanese reside in Senegal, mainly in the cities.
  69. ↑ Swaziland: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  70. ↑ Morocco: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  71. ↑ Tunisia: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  72. ↑ "Country – Vietnam :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  73. ↑ "Country – India :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  74. ↑ "Country – Bangladesh :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  75. ↑ "Country – Myanmar (Burma) :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  76. ↑ "Country – Malaysia :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  77. ↑ Fiona Hill, Russia — Coming In From the Cold?, The Globalist, 23 February 2004
  78. ↑ Robert Greenall, Russians left behind in Central Asia, BBC News, 23 November 2005.
  79. ↑ Kyrgyzstan: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  80. ↑ Turkmenistan: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  81. ↑ "Country – Mongolia :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  82. ↑ HK Census. "HK Census." Statistical Table. Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
  83. ↑ João de Pina-Cabral (2002). Between China and Europe: person, culture and emotion in Macao. Volume 74 of London School of Economics monographs on social anthropology (illustrated ed.). Berg. p. 39. ISBN 0-8264-5749-5. Retrieved 2012-03-01. To be a Macanese is fundamentally to be from Macao with Portuguese ancestors, but not necessarily to be of Sino-Portuguese descent. The local community was born from Portuguese men. ... but in the beginning the woman was Goanese, Siamese, Indo-Chinese, Malay - they came to Macao in our boats. Sporadically it was a Chinese woman. Search this book on
  84. ↑ "Country – Indonesia :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  85. ↑ "Country – Cambodia :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  86. ↑ "Country – Pakistan :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  87. ↑ "Country – East Timor :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  88. ↑ "Country – Armenia :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  89. ↑ "Southern Caucasus: Facing Integration Problems, Ethnic Russians Long For Better Life". EurasiaNet.org. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  90. ↑ Georgia: Ethnic Russians Feel Insulated From Tensions, Radio Free Europe
  91. ↑ "Country – Christmas Island :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  92. ↑ "Country – Cocos (Keeling) Islands :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  93. ↑ "The World Factbook". cia.gov. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  94. ↑ "greenland". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  95. ↑ "Population Groups (28) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  96. ↑ Argentina: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  97. ↑ Ben Cahoon. "Argentina". worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  98. ↑ Bahamas: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  99. ↑ Barbados: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  100. ↑ Bermuda: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  101. ↑ Bolivia: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  102. ↑ "Estudos e Pesquisas Informação Demográfi ca e Socioeconômica número 19: Síntese de Indicadores Sociais 2006. Tabela 9.1" [Studies & Research: Demographic and Socio-Economic Information: Summary of Social Indicators 2006: Table 9.1] (PDF) (in português). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografi a e Estatística - IBGE. 2006. p. 248. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2009.
  103. ↑ Francisco Lizcano Fernández (2007). Iberoamérica. Un área cultural heterogénea. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. p. 93. ISBN 978-970-757-052-8. Search this book on
  104. ↑ "Costa Rica; People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2007-11-21. white (including mestizo) 94% = 3.9 million whites and mestizos.
  105. ↑ Dominican Republic: People: Ethnic groups. World Factbook of CIA
  106. ↑ "Ecuador: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2014-03-19.
  107. ↑ El Salvador: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  108. ↑ French Guiana: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  109. ↑ "Country – Jamaica :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  110. ↑ Martinique: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  111. ↑ Schaetzl, Randall J.; Paul F. Hoffman; James Wreford Watson; Wilbur Zelinsky. "North America: continent". Online Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  112. ↑ "Mexico". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  113. ↑ "Mexico -- Encyclopedia Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  114. ↑ "Nicaragua: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
  115. ↑ "Puerto Rico: People: Ethnic Groups" (2014). CIA World Factbook, www.cia.gov. Retrieved May 23, 2014
  116. ↑ Peru: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  117. ↑ Gertrud Aub-Buscher. "Language Varieties: Trinidad French Creole". hawaii.edu. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  118. ↑ Luis Ibarr (24 August 2012). "RESULTADOS BÁSICOS Censo 2011, Caracas, 09/08/2012" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  119. ↑ Uruguay: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  120. ↑ "Fact Sheet on St. Barthélemy -- 1995". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  121. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing: Characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 November 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  122. ↑ French Polynesia: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  123. ↑ Brazil: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  124. ↑ Neli Esipova, Julie Ray, and Rajesh Srinivasan, The World’s Potential Migrants, Gallup, 2010.[2], p. 8.


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