List of dictators

This is a list of modern dictators.

Africa

Houari Boumédiène (1965–1978), Algeria
Abdelaziz Bouteflika (1999-2019), Algeria
Muhammad Ali of Egypt (1805–1848), Egypt
Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1970), Egypt and United Arab Republic
Anwar Sadat (1970–1981), Egypt
Hosni Mubarak (1981–2011), Egypt
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2014–present), Egypt
Agostinho Neto (1975–1979), Angola
Mathieu Kérékou (1972–1991;1996–2006), Benin
Maurice Yaméogo (1960–1966), Upper Volta, today Burkina Faso
Sangoulé Lamizana (1966–1980), Upper Volta
Saye Zerbo (1980–1982), Upper Volta
Thomas Sankara (1983–1987), Burkina Faso
Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014), Burkina Faso
Michel Micombero (1966–1976), Burundi
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (1976–1987), Burundi
Pierre Buyoya (1987–1993; 1996–2005), Burundi
Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020), Burundi
Ahmadou Ahidjo (1960–1982), Cameroon
Paul Biya (1982–present), Cameroon
Jean-Bédel Bokassa (1966–1979), Central African Republic
André Kolingba (1981–1993), Central African Republic
François Bozizé (2003-2013), Central African Republic
François Tombalbaye (1960–1975), Chad
Hissène Habré (1982–1990), Chad
Idriss Déby (1990–2021), Chad
Ahmed Abdallah (1978-1989), Comoros
Leopold II of Belgium (1885–1908), Congo Free State
Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997), Democratic Republic of the Congo
Laurent-Désiré Kabila (1997–2001), Democratic Republic of the Congo
Joseph Kabila (2001-2019), Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ismaïl Omar Guelleh (1999–present), Djibouti
Isaias Afwerki (1993–present), Eritrea
Haile Selassie (1930–1974), Ethiopia
Mengistu Haile Mariam (1977–1991), Ethiopia
Meles Zenawi (1991–2012), Ethiopia
Omar Bongo (1967–2009), Gabon
Ali Bongo (2009–present), Gabon
Dawda Jawara (1970–1994), The Gambia
Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017), The Gambia
Kwame Nkrumah (1960–1966), Ghana
Jerry Rawlings (1979;1981–1993;1993–2001), Ghana
Ahmed Sékou Touré (1958–1984), Guinea
Lansana Conté (1984–2008), Guinea
Francisco Macías Nguema (1968–1979), Equatorial Guinea
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (1979–present), Equatorial Guinea
Félix Houphouët-Boigny (1960–1993), Ivory Coast
Jomo Kenyatta (1963–1978), Kenya
Daniel arap Moi (1978–2004), Kenya
William Tubman (1944–1971), Liberia
William Tolbert (1971–1980), Liberia
Samuel Doe (1980–1990), Liberia
Charles Taylor (1997–2004), Liberia
Muammar Gaddafi (1969–2011), Libya
Ranavalona I (1828-1861), Madagascar
Hastings Banda (1966–1994), Malawi
Modibo Keïta (1960–1968), Mali
Moussa Traoré (1968–1991), Mali
Hassan II (1961-1999), Morocco
Samora Machel (1975-1986), Mozambique
Yakubu Gowon (1966–1975), Nigeria
Murtala Mohammed (1975–1976), Nigeria
Olusegun Obasanjo (1976–1979; 1999-2007), Nigeria
Muhammadu Buhari (1983-1985; 2015–present), Nigeria
Ibrahim Babangida (1985–1993), Nigeria
Sani Abacha (1993–1998), Nigeria
Denis Sassou Nguesso (1979-1992; 1997–present), Republic of the Congo
Ian Smith (1964-1979), Rhodesia
Grégoire Kayibanda (1961–1973), Rwanda
Juvénal Habyarimana (1973–1994), Rwanda
Théodore Sindikubwabo (1994), Rwanda
Paul Kagame (2000–present), Rwanda
Siad Barre (1969–1991), Somalia
D.F. Malan (1948-1954), South Africa
Jaafar Nimeiry (1969–1985), Sudan
Omar al-Bashir (1989–2019), Sudan
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (2019–present), Sudan
Salva Kiir Mayardit (2011–present), South Sudan
France-Albert René (1977–2004), Seychelles
Mswati III (1986–present), eSwatini
Siaka Stevens (1971-1985), Sierra Leone
Johnny Paul Koroma (1997-1998), Sierra Leone
Julius Nyerere (1962–1985), Tanzania, Tanganyika
Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1985–1995), Tanzania
Sylvanus Olympio (1960–1963), Togo
Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967–2005), Togo
Habib Bourguiba (1957–1987), Tunisia
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (1987-2011), Tunisia
Milton Obote (1966–1971; 1980-1985), Uganda
Idi Amin (1971–1979), Uganda
Yoweri Museveni (1986–present), Uganda
Kenneth Kaunda (1964–1991), Zambia
Robert Mugabe (1980–2017), Zimbabwe
Emmerson Mnangagwa (2017–present), Zimbabwe

Asia

Nur Muhammad Taraki (1978-1979), Afghanistan
Hafizullah Amin (1979), Afghanistan
Babrak Karmal (1979-1986), Afghanistan
Mohammad Najibullah (1986-1992), Afghanistan
Mohammed Omar (1996–2001), Afghanistan
Ziaur Rahman (1977–1981), Bangladesh
Hussain Muhammad Ershad (1983–1990), Bangladesh
Hassanal Bolkiah (1967–present), Brunei
Norodom Sihanouk (1953–1970), Cambodia
Lon Nol (1970–1975), Khmer Republic
Pol Pot (1975–1979), Cambodia
Hun Sen (1985–present), Cambodia
Empress Dowager Cixi (1861-1908), China
Yuan Shikai (1912–1916), China
Zhang Zuolin (1926–1928), China
Wang Jingwei (1940-1944), China
Chiang Kai-shek (1928–1975), China, Taiwan
Chiang Ching-kuo (1975–1988), Taiwan
Mao Zedong (1949–1976), China
Hua Guofeng (1976–1978), China
Deng Xiaoping (1978–1989), China
Jiang Zemin (1989–2004), China
Hu Jintao (2004–2012), China
Xi Jinping (2012–present), China
Sukarno (1945–1967), Indonesia
Suharto (1967–1998), Indonesia
Reza Shah (1925–1941), Iran
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1975–1979), Iran
Ruhollah Khomeini (1979–1989), Iran
Ali Khamenei (1989–present), Iran
Abd al-Karim Qasim (1958–1963), Iraq
Abdul Salam Arif (1963–1966), Iraq
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (1968-1979), Iraq
Saddam Hussein (1979–2003), Iraq
Hirohito (1931–1945), Japan
Nursultan Nazarbayev (1990-2019), Kazakhstan
Kim Il-sung (1948–1994), North Korea
Kim Jong-il (1994–2011), North Korea
Kim Jong-un (2011–present), North Korea
Syngman Rhee (1948–1960), South Korea
Park Chung-hee (1961–1979), South Korea
Chun Doo-hwan (1979–1988), South Korea
Kaysone Phomvihane (1975-1992), Laos
Khamtai Siphandon (1992-2006), Laos
Choummaly Sayasone (2006-2016), Laos
Khorloogiin Choibalsan (1939–1952), Mongolia
Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal (1952–1984), Mongolia
Jambyn Batmönkh (1984–1990), Mongolia
Ba Maw (1943–1945), Burma
Ne Win (1958–1960; 1962–1988), Burma
Saw Maung (1988–1992), Myanmar
Than Shwe (1992–2011), Myanmar
Min Aung Hlaing (2021–present), Myanmar
Yasser Arafat (1969-2004), Palestine
Mahmoud Abbas (2005–present), Palestine
Ayub Khan (1958–1969), Pakistan
Yahya Khan (1969–1971), Pakistan
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (1977–1988), Pakistan
Pervez Musharraf (1999–2008), Pakistan
Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901), Philippines
Ferdinand Marcos (1965–1986), Philippines
Rodrigo Duterte (2016–present), Philippines
Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1982-2005), Saudi Arabia
Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (2005-2015), Saudi Arabia
Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (2015–present), Saudi Arabia
Lee Kuan Yew (1959–1990), Singapore
Amin al-Hafiz (1963–1966), Syria
Salah Jadid (1966–1970), Syria
Hafez al-Assad (1970–2000), Syria
Bashar al-Assad (2000–present), Syria
Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena (1933–1938), Thailand
Plaek Phibunsongkhram (1938–1944; 1948–1957), Thailand
Sarit Thanarat (1959–1963), Thailand
Thanom Kittikachorn (1963–1973), Thailand
Thanin Kraivichien (1976–1977), Thailand
Kriangsak Chamanan (1977–1980), Thailand
Prem Tinsulanonda (1980–1988), Thailand
Suchinda Kraprayoon (1991–1992), Thailand
Prayut Chan-o-cha (2014–present), Thailand
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1923–1938), Turkey
İsmet İnönü (1938–1950), Turkey
Cemal Gürsel (1960–1966), Turkey
Kenan Evren (1980–1989), Turkey
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2014–present), Turkey
Emomali Rahmon (1994–present), Tajikistan
Saparmurat Niyazov (1985–2006), Turkmenistan
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (2006–present), Turkmenistan
Islam Karimov (1991–2016), Uzbekistan
Ho Chi Minh (1945–1969), North Vietnam
Ngo Dinh Diem (1955–1963), South Vietnam
Dương Văn Minh (1963–1964; 1964–1964; 1964–1964; 1975–1975), South Vietnam
Nguyễn Khánh (1964–1964; 1964–1964), South Vietnam
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (1965–1975), South Vietnam
Tôn Đức Thắng (1976–1980), Vietnam
Ali Abdullah Saleh (1978–2012), Yemen
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi (2012–present), Yemen

Europe

Zog I (1925–1928 made king and ruled until 1939 as king), Albania
Shefqet Vërlaci (1939–1941), Albania
Mustafa Merlika-Kruja (1941–1943), Albania
Rexhep Mitrovica (1943–1944), Albania
Enver Hoxha (1944–1985), Albania
Ramiz Alia (1985–1991), Albania
Engelbert Dollfuss (1932–1934), Austria
Kurt Schuschnigg (1934–1938), Austria
Heydar Aliyev (1993-2003), Azerbaijan
Ilham Aliyev (2003–present), Azerbaijan
Alija Izetbegović (1992–1996), Bosnia and Herzegovina
Radasłaŭ Astroŭski (1943–1944), Belarus
Alexander Lukashenko (1994–present), Belarus
Aleksandar Stamboliyski (1919–1923), Bulgaria
Boris III (1935–1943), Bulgaria
Valko Chervenkov (1949–1954), Bulgaria
Todor Zhivkov (1954–1989), Bulgaria
Ante Pavelić (1941–1945), Croatia
Franjo Tuđman (1990–1999), Croatia
Klement Gottwald (1948–1953), Czechoslovakia
Antonín Novotný (1953–1968), Czechoslovakia
Gustáv Husák (1969–1989), Czechoslovakia
Konstantin Päts (1934–1940), Estonia
Kullervo Manner (1918), Finland
Napoleon (1799–1814; 1815), France
Napoleon III (1848–1870), France
Louis-Jules Trochu (1870–1871), France
Philippe Pétain (1940–1944), France
Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890), Germany
Paul von Hindenburg (1916–1919; 1930–1933), Germany
Adolf Hitler (1933–1945), Germany
Walter Ulbricht (1950–1971), East Germany
Erich Honecker (1971–1989), East Germany
Otto (1832–1843), Greece
Ioannis Metaxas (1936–1941), Greece
Georgios Tsolakoglou (1941–1942), Greece
Konstantinos Logothetopoulos (1942–1943), Greece
Ioannis Rallis (1943–1944), Greece
Georgios Papadopoulos (1967–1973), Greece
Dimitrios Ioannidis (1973–1974), Greece
Lajos Kossuth (1849), Hungary
Miklós Horthy (1920–1944), Hungary
Ferenc Szálasi (1944–1945), Hungary
Mátyás Rákosi (1949–1956), Hungary
János Kádár (1956–1988), Hungary
Viktor Orbán (1998-2002; 2010–present), Hungary
Benito Mussolini (1922–1943; 1943–1945), Italy, Italian Social Republic
Kārlis Ulmanis (1934–1940), Latvia
Antanas Smetona (1926–1940), Lithuania
Anton Mussert (1942–1945), Netherlands
Vidkun Quisling (1942–1945), Norway
Abdul Hamid II (1878–1908), Ottoman Empire
The Three Pashas (1913–1918), Ottoman Empire
Ludwik Mierosławski, Marian Langiewicz, Romuald Traugutt (1863–1864), Poland
Józef Piłsudski (1918–1922; 1926–1935), Poland
Ignacy Mościcki (1935–1939), Poland
Bolesław Bierut (1948–1956), Poland
Wladyslaw Gomulka (1953–1970), Poland
Edward Gierek (1970–1980), Poland
Wojciech Jaruzelski (1981–1990), Poland
Miguel I (1828–1834), Portugal
Óscar Carmona (1926–1933), Portugal
António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968), Portugal
Marcelo Caetano (1968–1974), Portugal
Octavian Goga (1937–1938), Romania
Carol II (1938–1940), Romania
Ion Antonescu (1940–1944), Romania
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1947–1965), Romania
Nicolae Ceaușescu (1965–1989), Romania
Nicholas II of Russia (1894–1917), Russia
Alexander Kolchak (1918–1920), Russia
Vladimir Putin (1999–present), Russia
Milan Nedić (1941–1944), Serbia
Slobodan Milošević (1989–2000), Serbia and Montenegro
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1880), Sicily
Jozef Tiso (1939–1945), Slovakia
Vladimir Lenin (1917–1924), Soviet Russia, Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin (1924–1953), Soviet Union
Nikita Khrushchev (1953–1964), Soviet Union
Leonid Ilych Brezhnev (1964–1982), Soviet Union
Yuri Andropov (1982–1984), Soviet Union
Konstantin Chernenko (1984–1985), Soviet Union
Mikhail Gorbachev (1985–1990), Soviet Union
Joseph Bonaparte (1808–1813), Spain
Ferdinand VII (1813–1833), Spain
Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–1930), Spain
Francisco Franco (1939–1975), Spain
Pavlo Skoropadskyi (1918), Ukraine
Alexander I (1929–1934), Yugoslavia
Josip Broz Tito (1945–1980), Yugoslavia

North America

Jesús Jiménez Zamora (1868–1870), Costa Rica
Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez (1870–1882), Costa Rica
Federico Tinoco Granados (1917–1919), Costa Rica
Gerardo Machado (1925-1933), Cuba
Fulgencio Batista (1952–1959), Cuba
Fidel Castro (1959–2011), Cuba
Raúl Castro (2011-2021), Cuba
Pedro Santana (1844–1862), Dominican Republic
Ulises Heureaux (1882–1899), Dominican Republic
Rafael Trujillo (1930–1961), Dominican Republic
Joaquín Balaguer (1966–1978), Dominican Republic
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (1931–1944), El Salvador
Salvador Castaneda Castro (1945–1948), El Salvador
Óscar Osorio (1948–1956), El Salvador
José María Lemus (1956–1960), El Salvador
Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo (1961–1967), El Salvador
Fidel Sánchez Hernández (1967–1972), El Salvador
Arturo Armando Molina (1972–1977), El Salvador
Carlos Humberto Romero (1977–1979), El Salvador
Adolfo Arnoldo Majano (1979–1980), El Salvador
Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez (1980), El Salvador
José Napoleón Duarte (1980–1982), El Salvador
Hudson Austin (1983), Grenada
Rafael Carrera (1844–1865), Guatemala
Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898–1920), Guatemala
José María Orellana (1921–1926), Guatemala
Jorge Ubico (1931–1944), Guatemala
Carlos Castillo Armas (1954–1957), Guatemala
Enrique Peralta Azurdia (1963–1966), Guatemala
Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio (1970–1974), Guatemala
Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia (1974–1978), Guatemala
Fernando Romeo Lucas Garcia (1978–1982), Guatemala
Efraín Ríos Montt (1982–1983), Guatemala
Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores (1983–1986), Guatemala
Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1804–1806), Haiti
Henri Christophe (1807–1820), Haiti
Alexandre Pétion (1816–1818), Haiti
Jean-Pierre Boyer (1818–1843), Haiti
Faustin Soulouque (1847–1859), Haiti
Paul Magloire (1950–1956), Haiti
François Duvalier (1957–1971), Haiti
Jean-Claude Duvalier (1971–1986), Haiti
Henri Namphy (1986–1988), Haiti
Prosper Avril (1988–1990), Haiti
Raoul Cedras (1991–1994), Haiti
Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1949), Honduras
Oswaldo López Arellano (1963–1971, 1972–1975), Honduras
Juan Alberto Melgar Castro (1975–1978), Honduras
Policarpo Paz García (1978–1982), Honduras
Gustavo Álvarez Martínez (1982–1984), Honduras
Porfirio Díaz (1876–1911), Mexico
Victoriano Huerta (1913–1914), Mexico
Plutarco Elías Calles (1924–1935), Mexico
Lazaro Cardenas (1935–1940), Mexico
Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940–1946), Mexico
Miguel Aleman Valdes (1946–1952), Mexico
Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1952–1958), Mexico
Adolfo Lopez Mateos (1958–1964), Mexico
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1964–1970), Mexico
Luis Echeverria (1970–1976), Mexico
Jose Lopez Portillo (1976–1982), Mexico
Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), Mexico
Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–1994), Mexico
Anastasio Somoza García (1936–1956), Nicaragua
Luis Somoza Debayle (1956–1967), Nicaragua
Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1967–1979), Nicaragua
Daniel Ortega (1979-1990; 2007–present), Nicaragua
Omar Torrijos (1968–1981), Panama
Rubén Darío Paredes (1982–1983), Panama
Manuel Noriega (1983–1989), Panama

South America

Juan Manuel de Rosas (1829–1852), Argentina
José Félix Uriburu (1930–1932), Argentina
Pedro Pablo Ramírez (1943–1944), Argentina
Edelmiro Julián Farrell (1944–1946), Argentina
Juan Peron (1946-1955), Argentina
Eduardo Lonardi (1955), Argentina
Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (1955–1958), Argentina
Juan Carlos Onganía (1966–1970), Argentina
Roberto M. Levingston (1970–1971), Argentina
Alejandro Agustín Lanusse (1971–1973), Argentina
Jorge Rafael Videla (1976–1981), Argentina
Roberto Eduardo Viola (1981), Argentina
Leopoldo Galtieri (1981–1982), Argentina
Reynaldo Bignone (1982–1983), Argentina
Andrés de Santa Cruz (1829–1839), Bolivia
José Miguel de Velasco Franco (1839–1841; 1848), Bolivia
Sebastián Ágreda (1841), Bolivia
José Ballivián (1841–1847), Bolivia
Manuel Isidoro Belzu (1848–1855), Bolivia
José María Linares (1857–1861), Bolivia
José María de Achá (1861–1864), Bolivia
Mariano Melgarejo (1864–1871), Bolivia
Agustín Morales (1871–1872), Bolivia
Hilarión Daza (1876–1879), Bolivia
David Toro (1936–1937), Bolivia
Germán Busch (1937–1939), Bolivia
Gualberto Villarroel (1943–1946), Bolivia
Hugo Ballivián (1951–1952), Bolivia
René Barrientos (1964–1969), Bolivia
Alfredo Ovando Candía (1969–1970), Bolivia
Juan José Torres (1970–1971), Bolivia
Hugo Banzer (1971–1978), Bolivia
Juan Pereda (1978), Bolivia
David Padilla (1978–1979), Bolivia
Alberto Natusch (1979), Bolivia
Luis García Meza (1980–1981), Bolivia
Celso Torrelio (1981–1982), Bolivia
Guido Vildoso (1982), Bolivia
Deodoro da Fonseca (1889–1891), Brazil
Floriano Peixoto (1891–1894), Brazil
Getúlio Vargas (1930–1945), Brazil
Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (1964–1967), Brazil
Artur da Costa e Silva (1967–1969), Brazil
Emílio Garrastazu Médici (1969–1974), Brazil
Ernesto Geisel (1974–1979), Brazil
João Figueiredo (1979–1985), Brazil
José Miguel Carrera (1811–1814), Chile
Bernardo O'Higgins (1817–1823), Chile
Ramón Freire (1823–1826), Chile
Luis Altamirano (1924–1925), Chile
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (1927–1931), Chile
Augusto Pinochet (1973–1990), Chile
Simón Bolívar (1828–1830), Colombia
José María Melo (1854), Colombia
Laureano Gómez (1950-1953), Colombia
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (1953–1957), Colombia
Gabriel García Moreno (1859–1875), Ecuador
Ignacio de Veintemilla (1876–1883), Ecuador
Eloy Alfaro (1895–1911), Ecuador
Federico Páez (1935–1937), Ecuador
Alberto Enríquez Gallo (1937–1938), Ecuador
Ramón Castro Jijón (1963–1966), Ecuador
José María Velasco Ibarra (1970–1972), Ecuador
Guillermo Rodríguez (1972–1976), Ecuador
Alfredo Poveda (1976–1979), Ecuador
Forbes Burnham (1966–1985), Guyana
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1814–1840), Paraguay
Carlos Antonio López (1840–1862), Paraguay
Francisco Solano López (1862–1870), Paraguay
Rafael Franco (1936–1937), Paraguay
José Félix Estigarribia (1939–1940), Paraguay
Higinio Morínigo (1940–1948), Paraguay
Alfredo Stroessner (1954–1989), Paraguay
Simón Bolívar (1824–1827), Peru
Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco (1843–1844), Peru
Mariano Ignacio Prado (1865–1868), Peru
Tomás Gutiérrez (1872), Peru
Nicolás de Piérola (1879–1881), Peru
Augusto B. Leguía (1919–1930), Peru
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (1930–1933), Peru
Óscar R. Benavides (1933–1939), Peru
Manuel A. Odría (1948–1956), Peru
Ricardo Pérez Godoy (1962–1963), Peru
Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968–1975), Peru
Francisco Morales-Bermúdez (1975–1980), Peru
Alberto Fujimori (1992-2000), Peru
Desi Bouterse (1980–1988), Suriname
Venancio Flores (1865–1868), Uruguay
Lorenzo Latorre (1875–1880), Uruguay
Juan Lindolfo Cuestas (1897–1903), Uruguay
Gabriel Terra (1933–1938), Uruguay
Alfredo Baldomir (1942–1943), Uruguay
Juan María Bordaberry (1972–1976), Uruguay
Aparicio Méndez (1976–1981), Uruguay
Gregorio Conrado Álvarez (1981–1985), Uruguay
Cipriano Castro (1899–1908), Venezuela
Juan Vicente Gómez (1908–1935), Venezuela
Carlos Delgado Chalbaud (1948–1950), Venezuela
Marcos Pérez Jiménez (1950–1958), Venezuela
Hugo Chávez (1999–2013), Venezuela
Nicolás Maduro (2013–present), Venezuela

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