List of national flags

File:National flags collage.png

A collage of various national flags around the world (clockwise from top-left):

• The flag of Brazil being digitally drawn on a computer.
• The flag of Papua New Guinea on the patch of a soldier.
• A sports fan waving the flag of South Africa.
• Giant flag of Turkey made of Lego bricks.
• Flag of the United States on the moon during the Apollo 15 moon landing.
• Flags of the United Kingdom and India are hung during a political meeting.
• Flag of Palestine prominently displayed on West Bank Wall graffiti art.
• Hoisted Nordic cross flags flying upon poles.
• A pair of citizens display the flag of China at Antarctica.

As of August 2024, all 193 member states and 2 observer states of the United Nations (UN), in addition to several de facto states, represent themselves with national flags. National flags generally contain symbolism of their respective state and serve as an emblem which distinguishes themselves from other states in international politics. National flags are adopted by governments to strengthen national bonds and legitimate formal authority. Such flags may contain symbolic elements of their peoples, militaries, territories, rulers, and/or dynasties. The flag of Denmark is the oldest according to tradition, whereas the most recent flag is that of Kyrgyzstan.

Background and definitions

See also: History of flags

According to the Collins English Dictionary, a national flag is "a flag that represents or is an emblem of a country." The word country can be used to refer to a sovereign state, sometimes also called an independent state. In vexillology, Polish vexillologist Alfred Znamierowski further defines a national flag as "a flag and ensign used by the government authorities, general public and the navy" in the case of an independent state. It is customary in international law that states adopt a flag to distinguish themselves from other states.

National flags are considered to "provide perhaps the strongest, clearest statement of national identity," and governments have used them to promote and create bonds within the country, motivate patriotism, honor the efforts of citizens, and legitimate formal authority. Throughout history, elements within flags have been used to symbolize rulers, dynasties, territories, militaries, and/or peoples of their respective countries. Flags also conceptually represent a country's core values, such as group membership and love for the country. In 1975, American vexillologist Whitney Smith stated thus regarding the role of flags in society:

So strong is the tradition of flags, we may not be far from the truth in surmising that there is a law – not of nature, but of human society – which impels man to make and use flags. There is perhaps no more striking demonstration of this than the fact that, despite the absence of any international regulation or treaty requiring of a national flag, without exception every country has adopted at least one.

— Whitney Smith, Flags Through the Ages and Across the World, 32

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, a sovereign state is "a state or nation with a defined territory and a permanent population, which administers its own government, and which is recognized as not subject to or dependent upon another power." The amount of sovereign states in the world is generally derived from the number of member states of the United Nations (UN), although non-member states do exist, with such states being called de facto states. As of 2024, the UN currently includes 193 member states and 2 permanent observer states: the State of Palestine and Vatican City. De facto states include Northern Cyprus, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, Kosovo, the Sahrawi Republic, Somaliland, and Taiwan.

The oldest flag of a sovereign state which is currently in use is considered to be the flag of Denmark, which was recognized as a national symbol of the country since the 13th century, although the current version was officially adopted in 1867. As of August 2024, the most recent change of national flag is that of Kyrgyzstan, which was officially adopted in December 2023. All 193 member states and 2 observer states are represented by their respective flags at the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City.

Flags of UN member states and observer states

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Flags of UN member states and observer states

Flag(s)	State	Official usage	Aspect ratio	Date of latest adoption	Designer(s)	Description	Refs.
Flag of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan	Afghanistan (Islamic Republic)	National flag	2∶3	August 19, 2013	N/A	Three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other 2 bands.
Flag of Albania	Albania	National flag	5∶7	April 7, 1992	N/A	Red with a black double-headed eagle in the center.
Flag of Algeria	Algeria	National flag and ensign	2∶3	July 3, 1962	Disputed	Two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary.
Flag of Andorra	Andorra	National flag	7∶10	May 5, 1993	N/A	Three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other 2 so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8.
Flag of Angola	Angola	National flag and ensign	2∶3	November 11, 1975	Henrique de Carvalho Santos	Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle).
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua and Barbuda	National flag and ensign	2∶3	November 1, 1981	Reginald Samuel	Red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band.
Flag of Argentina	Argentina	National flag and ensign	5∶8	November 23, 2010	Manuel Belgrano	Three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), white, and sky blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face (delineated in brown) known as the Sun of May.
Flag of Armenia	Armenia	National flag and ensign	1∶2	August 24, 1990	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange.
Flag of Australia	Australia	National flag	1∶2	February 14, 1954	Annie Dorrington Ivor William Evans Leslie Hawkins Egbert Nuttall William Stevens	Blue with the flag of the United Kingdom in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star; on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small, five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars.
Civil flag of Austria	Austria	Civil flag and ensign	2∶3	May 1, 1945	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red.
File:Flag of Austria (state).svg State flag of Austria		State flag			N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red with the coat of arms of Austria in the center.
Flag of Azerbaijan	Azerbaijan	National flag and ensign	1∶2	August 30, 1991	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a vertical crescent moon and an eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band.
File:Flag of The Bahamas.svg Flag of the Bahamas	The Bahamas	National flag	1∶2	July 10, 1973	Hervis Bain	Three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side.
Flag of Bahrain	Bahrain	National flag and ensign	3∶5	February 14, 2002	N/A	Red with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side.
Flag of Bangladesh	Bangladesh	National flag	3∶5	January 17, 1972	Quamrul Hassan	Green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the hoist side of center.
Flag of Barbados	Barbados	National flag and ensign	2∶3	November 30, 1966	Grantley Prescod	Three equal vertical bands of ultramarine blue (hoist side), gold, and ultramarine blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band.
Flag of Belarus	Belarus	National flag	1∶2	May 1, 2012	N/A	Red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears Belarusian national ornamentation in red.
Flag of Belgium	Belgium	National flag	13∶15	January 23, 1831	Édouard Ducpétiaux Lucien Jottrand	Three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red.
Flag of Belize	Belize	National flag and ensign	3:5	September 21, 1981	Everal Waight Inéz Sánchez	Royal blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms.
Flag of Benin	Benin	National flag and ensign	2:3	August 1, 1960	N/A	Two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red with a vertical green band on the hoist side.
Flag of Bhutan	Bhutan	National flag	2:3	June 8, 1972	Mayeum Choying Wangmo Dorji	Divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white Druk facing away from the hoist side.
Civil flag of Bolivia	Bolivia	Civil flag and ensign	2:3	August 5, 2009	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green.
State flag of Bolivia		State flag			N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band.
File:Wiphala.svg Wiphala		National flag	1∶1		Germán Choquehuanca	A grid of 49 squares distributed in 7 columns by 7 rows, arranged in diagonal bands of 7 colors (white, yellow, orange, red, purple, blue, green) with white on the main diagonal.
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnia and Herzegovina	National flag and ensign	1:2	February 4, 1998	Mladen Kolobarić Nedo Milčević Sado Musabegović Marco Oršolić Ranko Risokević Vehid Šehić Gajo Sekulić	A wide blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle.
Flag of Botswana	Botswana	National flag	2:3	September 30, 1966	George Winstanley	Light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center.
Flag of Brazil	Brazil	National flag and ensign	7:10	May 12, 1992	Miguel Lemos Manuel Pereira Reis Raimundo Teixeira Mendes Décio Villares	Green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue globe with 27 white stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged as in the night sky over Rio de Janeiro and containing a banner with the national motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (lit. Order and progress).
Flag of Brunei	Brunei	State flag, civil and state ensign	1:2	January 1, 1984	N/A	Yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center.
Flag of Bulgaria	Bulgaria	National flag and civil ensign	3:5	November 27, 1990	Stiliana Paraskevova Ivan Paraskevov	Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red.
Flag of Burkina Faso	Burkina Faso	National flag	2:3	August 4, 1984	Ferdinand Dabiré	Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center.
Flag of Burundi	Burundi	State flag	3:5	September 27, 1982	N/A	Divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below).
Flag of Cambodia	Cambodia	National flag and ensign	2:3	June 30, 1993	N/A	Three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white, three-towered temple, representing Angkor Wat, outlined in black in the center of the red band.
Flag of Cameroon	Cameroon	National flag and ensign	2:3	May 20, 1975	N/A	Three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow, with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band.
Flag of Canada	Canada	National flag and ensign	1:2	February 15, 1965	George Stanley	Two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square.
Flag of Cape Verde	Cape Verde	National flag and ensign	10:17	September 25, 1992	Pedro Gregório	Five unequal horizontal bands; the top-most band of blue - equal to one half the width of the flag - is followed by three bands of white, red, and white, each equal to 1/12 of the width, and a bottom stripe of blue equal to one quarter of the flag width; a circle of 10 yellow, five-pointed stars is centered on the red stripe and positioned 3/8 of the length of the flag from the hoist side.
Flag of the Central African Republic	Central African Republic	National flag	3:5	August 13, 1960	Barthélemy Boganda	Four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; a yellow five-pointed star to the hoist side of the blue band.
Flag of Chad	Chad	National flag	2:3	November 6, 1959	Naiyia Amina Goudja	Three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and red.
Flag of China	China	National flag and ensign	2:3	October 1, 1949	Zeng Liansong	Red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner.
Flag of Colombia	Colombia	National flag and state ensign	2:3	November 26, 1861	N/A	Three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red.
File:Flag of Comoros.svg Flag of the Comoros	Comoros	National flag and ensign	2:3	December 23, 2001	Suzanne Gauthier	Four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue, with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a vertical white crescent moon with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent.
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo	Democratic Republic of the Congo	National flag and ensign	Unclear	February 18, 2006	Henry Morton Stanley (allegedly)	Sky blue field divided diagonally from the lower hoist corner to upper fly corner by a red stripe bordered by two narrow yellow stripes; a yellow, five-pointed star appears in the upper hoist corner
Flag of the Republic of the Congo	Republic of the Congo	National flag	2:3	June 10, 1991	N/A	Divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red.
National flag of Costa Rica	Costa Rica	National flag and ensign	3:5	September 29, 1848	Pacífica Fernández Oreamuno	Five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue.
File:Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg State flag of Costa Rica		State flag and ensign		May 5, 1998	N/A	Five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white elliptical disk placed toward the hoist side of the red band.
Flag of Croatia	Croatia	National flag	1:2	December 22, 1990	Miroslav Šutej	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue superimposed by the coat of arms.
Flag of Cuba	Cuba	National flag and ensign	1:2	May 20, 1902	Miguel Teurbe Tolón	Five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center.
Flag of Cyprus	Cyprus	National flag and ensign	2:3	April 24, 2006	İsmet Güney	Centered on a white field is a copper-colored silhouette of the island above two olive-green-colored, crossed olive branches.
File:Flag of Czechia.svg Flag of Czechia	Czechia	National flag	2:3	January 1, 1993	Jaroslav Kursa (allegedly)	Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side.
Flag of Denmark	Denmark	Civil flag and ensign	14:17	March 13, 1867	N/A	Red with a white Nordic cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side.
Flag of Djibouti	Djibouti	National flag and ensign	Unclear	June 27, 1977	N/A	Two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center.
File:Flag of Dominica (variant 6).svg Flag of Dominica	Dominica	National flag and ensign	1:2	November 3, 1990	Alwin Bully	Green with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a Sisserou parrot, unique to Dominica, encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow.
Flag of the Dominican Republic	Dominican Republic	State flag and ensign, war ensign	5:8	November 6, 1844	Juan Pablo Duarte	A centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are ultramarine blue (hoist side) and vermilion red, and the bottom ones are vermilion red (hoist side) and ultramarine blue; a small coat of arms is at the center of the cross.
Flag of East Timor	East Timor	State and national flag	Unclear	May 20, 2002	Natalino Leitão	Red with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; a white star - pointing to the upper hoist-side corner of the flag - is in the center of the black triangle.
Flag of Ecuador	Ecuador	State flag and ensign	2:3	January 10, 1910	N/A	Three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag.
Flag of Egypt	Egypt	Civil and state flag and ensign	2:3	October 4, 1984	ʻAlī Kāmil al-Dīb	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the national coat of arms (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band.
Flag of El Salvador	El Salvador	State flag	189:325	September 14, 1972	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of cobalt blue (top), white, and cobalt blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band.
Flag of Equatorial Guinea	Equatorial Guinea	National flag and ensign	Unclear	August 21, 1979	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red, with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (lit. Unity, Peace, Justice).
Flag of Eritrea	Eritrea	National flag	1:2	1995	N/A	Red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle.
Flag of Estonia	Estonia	National flag, civil and state ensign	7:11	May 8, 1990	Paula Hermann	Three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white.
Flag of Eswatini	Eswatini	State flag	2:3	September 6, 1968	Sobhuza II	Three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white Nguni shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally.
Flag of Ethiopia	Ethiopia	State flag	1:2	February 6, 1996	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands.
Flag of Fiji	Fiji	National flag	1:2	October 10, 1970	Tessa Mackenzie	Light blue with the flag of the United Kingdom in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is taken from Fiji's coat of arms.
Flag of Finland	Finland	Civil flag and ensign	11:8	January 1, 1995	Zacharias Topelius	White with a blue Nordic cross.
Flag of France	France	National flag	2:3	March 5, 1848	Jacques Louis-David	Three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red.
Flag of Gabon	Gabon	National flag and ensign	3:4	August 9, 1960	Léon Augé Pierre Claver Eyeghe	Three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue.
Flag of the Gambia	The Gambia	National flag, civil and state ensign	2:3	February 18, 1965	Louis Lucien Thomasi	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green.
Flag of Georgia	Georgia	National flag and civil ensign	2:3	January 14, 2004	N/A	White rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross.
Flag of Germany	Germany	Civil flag and ensign	3:5	October 3, 1990	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold.
Flag of Ghana	Ghana	National flag and state ensign	2:3	February 28, 1966	Theodosia Okoh	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green, with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band.
Flag of Greece	Greece	National flag and ensign	2:3	December 22, 1978	N/A	Nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; a blue square bearing a white cross appears in the upper hoist-side corner.
Flag of Grenada	Grenada	Civil and state flag	3:5	February 7, 1974	Anthony C. George	A rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle.
Flag of Guatemala	Guatemala	State flag and ensign	5:8	December 26, 1997	Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol	Three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue, with the coat of arms centered in the white band.
Flag of Guinea	Guinea	National flag and ensign	2:3	November 10, 1958	N/A	Three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green.
Flag of Guinea-Bissau	Guinea-Bissau	National flag and ensign	1:2	September 24, 1973	N/A	Two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band.
Flag of Guyana	Guyana	National flag	3:5	May 26, 1966	Whitney Smith	Green with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green.
Flag of Haiti	Haiti	State flag	3:5	February 25, 1986	Jean-Jacques Dessalines	Two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms.
Flag of Honduras	Honduras	National flag, state and civil ensign	1:2	January 18, 1949	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of turquoise blue (top), white, and turquoise blue, with five turquoise, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band.
Flag of Hungary	Hungary	National and state flag	2:3	October 1957	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green.
Flag of Iceland	Iceland	Civil flag and ensign	18:25	June 17, 1944	Matthías Þórðarson	Blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Nordic cross.
Flag of India	India	National flag	2:3	July 22, 1947	Pingali Venkayya	Three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green, with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band.
Flag of Indonesia	Indonesia	National flag and ensign	2:3	August 17, 1950	Fatmawati (allegedly)	Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white.
Flag of Iran	Iran	National flag and ensign	4:7	July 29, 1980	Hamid Nadimi	Three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the national emblem in red is centered in the white band; the Takbir in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band.
Flag of Iraq	Iraq	National flag and ensign	2:3	January 22, 2008	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the Takbir in green Arabic script is centered in the white band.
Flag of Ireland	Ireland	National flag and ensign	1:2	December 29, 1937	Thomas Francis Meagher	Three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange.
Flag of Israel	Israel	National flag	8:11	October 28, 1948	Charles Askowith Jacob Askowith	White with a blue hexagram known as the Star of David centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag.
Flag of Italy	Italy	State and civil flag	2:3	January 1, 1948	Giuseppe Compagnoni	Three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red.
Flag of Ivory Coast	Ivory Coast	National flag and ensign	2:3	December 3, 1959	Achille Pierre	Three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green.
Flag of Jamaica	Jamaica	National flag, state and civil ensign	1:2	August 6, 1962	N/A	Diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and fly side).
Flag of Japan	Japan	Civil and state flag and ensign	2:3	August 13, 1999	Nichiren (allegedly)	White with a large red disk in the center.
Flag of Jordan	Jordan	National flag, civil and state ensign	1:2	April 16, 1928	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green; a red isosceles triangle on the hoist side, and bearing a small white seven-pointed star.
Flag of Kazakhstan	Kazakhstan	State and civil flag and ensign	1:2	June 4, 1992	Shaken Niyazbekov	A gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle, both centered on a sky blue background; the hoist side displays a national ornamental pattern "koshkar-muiz" (the horns of the ram) in gold.
Flag of Kenya	Kenya	National flag, civil and state ensign	2:3	December 12, 1963	Tom Mboya	Three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large Maasai warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center.
Flag of Kiribati	Kiribati	National flag and ensign	1:2	July 12, 1979	Arthur Grimble	The upper half is red with a yellow frigatebird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the Pacific ocean.
Flag of Kuwait	Kuwait	National flag and civil ensign	1:2	November 7, 1961	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side.
Flag of Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstan	National flag	3:5	December 20, 2023	N/A	Red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a "tunduk" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt.
Flag of Laos	Laos	National flag	2:3	December 2, 1975	Sila Viravong	Three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band.
Flag of Latvia	Latvia	National flag, civil and state ensign	1:2	August 21, 1991	Ansis Cīrulis	Three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width), and maroon.
Flag of Lebanon	Lebanon	National flag and ensign	2:3	December 7, 1943	Henri Pharaoun	Three horizontal bands consisting of red (top), white (middle, double width), and red (bottom) with a green cedar tree centered in the white band.
Flag of Lesotho	Lesotho	National flag	2:3	October 4, 2006	N/A	Three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in the proportions of 3:4:3; centered in the white stripe is a black mokorotlo, a traditional Basotho straw hat.
Flag of Liberia	Liberia	National flag	10:19	August 24, 1847	Susannah Lewis (lead) Sarah Draper Mary Hunter Rachel Johnson Matilda Newport J. B. Russworm Collinette Teage	11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a white five-pointed star appears on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner
Flag of Libya	Libya	National flag and ensign	1:2	August 3, 2011	Omar Faiek Shennib	Three horizontal bands of red (top), black (double width), and green with a white crescent and star centered on the black stripe.
Flag of Liechtenstein	Liechtenstein	National flag	3:5	September 18, 1982	N/A	Two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band.
Flag of Lithuania	Lithuania	National flag, civil and state ensign	3:5	March 20, 1989	Jonas Basanavičius Tadas Daugirdas Antanas Žmuidzinavičius	Three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red.
Flag of Luxembourg	Luxembourg	National flag	3:5	March 17, 1972	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue.
Flag of Madagascar	Madagascar	National flag and ensign	2:3	October 1958	Andrianome Ranaivosoa	Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side.
Flag of Malawi	Malawi	National flag	2:3	May 28, 2012	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered on the black band.
Flag of Malaysia	Malaysia	National flag and state ensign	1:2	September 16, 1963	Mohamed Hamzah	14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star.
File:Flag of the Maldives.svg Flag of the Maldives	Maldives	National flag and ensign	2:3	July 26, 1965	N/A	Red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent moon; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag.
Flag of Mali	Mali	National flag and ensign	2:3	March 1, 1961	Mariam Traore	Three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red.
Flag of Malta	Malta	National flag	2:3	September 21, 1964	N/A	Two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red.
Flag of the Marshall Islands	Marshall Islands	National flag and ensign	10:19	May 1, 1979	Emlain Kabua	Blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays appears on the hoist side above the two stripes.
Flag of Mauritania	Mauritania	National flag and ensign	2:3	October 12, 2017	N/A	Green with a yellow, five-pointed star between the horns of a yellow, upward-pointing crescent moon; red stripes along the top and bottom edges.
Flag of Mauritius	Mauritius	National flag	2:3	March 12, 1968	Gurudutt Moher	Four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green.
Flag of Mexico	Mexico	National flag and ensign	4:7	1968	Francisco Eppens (coat of arms)	Three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; Mexico's coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is centered in the white band.
File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia	Federated States of Micronesia	National flag and ensign	10:19	November 30, 1978	Gonzalo Santos (initial version)	Light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered.
Flag of Moldova	Moldova	National	1:2	September 17, 2010	N/A	Three equal vertical bands of Prussian blue (hoist side), chrome yellow, and vermilion red; the coat of arms is centered in the yellow band.
Flag of Monaco	Monaco	Civil flag and ensign	4:5	April 9, 1881	N/A	Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white.
Flag of Mongolia	Mongolia	National flag	1:2	February 12, 1992	Dodiin Choidog	Three, equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol).
Flag of Montenegro	Montenegro	State and national flag	1:2	June 3, 2006	TBD	A red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered; the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle - symbolizing the unity of church and state - surmounted by a crown; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion passant on a green field in front of a blue sky.
Flag of Morocco	Morocco	National flag, civil and state ensign	2:3	April 7, 1956	Disputed	Red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as the Seal of Solomon in the center of the flag.
Flag of Mozambique	Mozambique	Unclear	2:3	May 1, 1983	Jorge Mwanamuzik (allegedly; initial version)	Three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book.
Flag of Myanmar	Myanmar	National flag	2:3	October 21, 2010	N/A	Design consists of three equal horizontal stripes of yellow (top), green, and red; centered on the green band is a large white five-pointed star that partially overlaps onto the adjacent colored stripes.
Flag of Namibia	Namibia	National flag and ensign	2:3	March 21, 1990	Frederick Brownell	A wide red stripe edged by narrow white stripes divides the flag diagonally from lower hoist corner to upper fly corner; the upper hoist-side triangle is blue and charged with a golden-yellow, 12-rayed sunburst.
Flag of Nauru	Nauru	National flag and ensign	1:2	January 31, 1968	N/A	Blue with a narrow, horizontal, gold stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side.
Flag of Nepal	Nepal	National flag	See Flag of Nepal § Aspect ratio	December 16, 1962	Shankar Nath Rimal	Crimson red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle displays a white 12-pointed sun.
Flag of the Netherlands	Netherlands	National flag and ensign	2:3	1568 (Prince's flag adopted) 1660 (recolored) February 19, 1937 (Legally reconfirmed)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (bright vermilion; top), white, and blue (cobalt).
Flag of New Zealand	New Zealand	National flag and state ensign	1:2	January 15, 1867 (Colonial flag adopted) June 12, 1902 (National flag adopted) November 25, 1947 (Flag retained at independence)	Albert Hastings Markham	Blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag.
Flag of Nicaragua	Nicaragua	State flag	3:5	September 4, 1908 (PUCA flag adopted with modification) August 27, 1972 (Legally reconfirmed)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom.
Flag of Niger	Niger	National flag	6:7	November 23, 1959 (adopted) August 3, 1960 (retained at independence)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk centered in the white band.
Flag of Nigeria	Nigeria	National flag	1:2	October 1, 1960 (adopted)	Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi	Three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green.
Flag of North Korea	North Korea	National flag and ensign	1:2	July 10, 1942 (adopted) September 8, 1942 (retained at independence)	Disputed	Three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star.
Flag of North Macedonia	North Macedonia	National flag	1:2	1945 (SRM flag adopted) November 17, 1991 (retained at independence) August 11, 1992 ("Starburst flag" adopted) October 5, 1995 (modified)	Miroslav Grčev	A yellow sun (the Sun of Liberty) with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of the red field.
Flag of Norway	Norway	Civil flag and ensign	8:11	July 21, 1821 (civil ensign adopted) 1838 (usage unrestricted) June 20, 1844 ("Herring salad" flag adopted) December 15, 1899 (reverted) June 7, 1905 (retained at independence)	Christian Frederick of Norway	Red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Nordic cross.
Flag of Oman	Oman	National flag and ensign	1:2	750 (first known usage of plain red flag in Oman) 1868 (plain white imamic flag adopted as national flag) 1871 (imamic flag no longer in use) December 17, 1970 (tricolor adopted) November 18, 1998 (modified) May 22, 2004 (modified)	Qaboos bin Sa'id Al-Sa'id	Three horizontal bands of white (top), red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band.
Flag of Pakistan	Pakistan	National flag	2:3	August 11, 1947 (modified AIML flag adopted) August 14, 1947 (retained at independence)	Syed Amir-uddin Kedwaii	Green with a vertical white band on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field.
Flag of Palau	Palau	National flag and ensign	5:8	January 1, 1981 (adopted) October 1, 1994 (retained at independence)	Blau Skebong	Light blue with a large yellow disk shifted slightly to the hoist side.
Flag of Palestine	Palestine	National flag	1:2	November 28, 1964 (adopted by PLO) November 15, 1988 (adopted by Palestine)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side.
Flag of Panama	Panama	National flag and ensign	2:3	November 3, 1903 (first flag adopted) June 6, 1904 (modified)	Disputed	Divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain red; the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star in the center.
Flag of Papua New Guinea	Papua New Guinea	National flag, state, and civil ensign	3:4	March 11, 1971 (adopted) September 16, 1975 (retained at independence)	Karike Susan	Divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered.
Flag of Paraguay (obverse)	Paraguay	National flag and ensign	11:20	1812 (adopted) November 27, 1842 (modified design adopted) July 15, 2013 (modified design adopted)	N/A	Three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue with an emblem centered in the white band; the emblem is different on each side; the obverse (hoist side at the left) bears the national coat of arms; the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears a circular seal of the treasury.
File:Flag of Paraguay (reverse).svg Flag of Paraguay (reverse)					N/A
Civil flag of Peru	Peru	Civil flag and ensign	2:3	1820 (Protectorate flag adopted) March 15, 1822 (Horizontal red-white-red flag design with Incan Sun adopted) May 31, 1822 (vertically striped design adopted) February 25, 1825 (horizontally striped design adopted)	José de San Martín (initial version)	Three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red.
Flag of Peru		State flag and ensign				Three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band..
Flag of the Philippines	Philippines	National flag and ensign	1:2	June 12, 1898 (First republic flag adopted) 1936 (Readopted during the Commonwealth) October 14, 1943 (readopted during the Second republic) July 4, 1946 (retained at independence) September 16, 1997 (recolored)	Aguinaldo Emilio	Two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red; a white equilateral triangle is based on the hoist side; the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary rays; each corner of the triangle contains a small, yellow, five-pointed star.
Flag of Poland	Poland	Civil and limited state flag	5:8	August 1, 1919 (adopted)	N/A	Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red.
Flag of Portugal	Portugal	National flag and ensign	2:3	1640 (Kingdom of Portugal flag adopted) 1816 (armillary sphere added to flag) c. 1820s (armillary sphere removed) June 11, 1911 (modern design adopted)	N/A	Two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line.
Flag of Qatar	Qatar	National flag and ensign	11:28	July 9, 1971 (adopted) September 1, 1971 (retained at independence)	Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani	Maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side.
Flag of Romania	Romania	National flag, civil, and state ensign	2:3	June 22, 1861 (horizontally striped flag adopted) April 23, 1867 (stripes verticalized) December 27, 1989 (adopted as state flag)	N/A	Three equal vertical bands of cobalt blue (hoist side), chrome yellow, and vermilion red.
Flag of Russia	Russia	National flag and civil ensign	2:3	1699 (adopted as maritime ensign) May 7, 1883 (adopted as national flag by Russian Empire) December 11, 1991 (tricolor readopted)	Peter I of Russia	Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red.
Flag of Rwanda	Rwanda	National flag	2:3	December 31, 2001 (adopted)	Alphonse Kirimobenecyo	Three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width), yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end of the blue band.
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis	Saint Kitts and Nevis	National flag and ensign	2:3	November 19, 1983 (adopted)	Edrice Lewis	Divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red.
Flag of Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia	National flag and ensign	1:2	March 1, 1967 (adopted) February 22, 1979 (retained at independence with change)	Dunstan St. Omer	Cerulean blue with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border.
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	National flag and ensign	2:3	October 22, 1985 (adopted)	Julien van der Wal	Three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern.
Flag of Samoa	Samoa	National flag and ensign	1:2	May 26, 1948 (adopted) February 24, 1949 (fifth star added) January 1, 1962 (retained at independence)	Malietoa Tanumafili II Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole	Red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white, five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation.
Flag of San Marino	San Marino	State flag	3:4	April 6, 1862 (adopted) July 20, 2011 (modified)	N/A	Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (lit. liberty).
Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe	São Tomé and Príncipe	National flag and ensign	1:2	November 5, 1975 (adopted)	Manuel Pinto da Costa	Three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side.
Flag of Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia	National flag	2:3	1932 (first flag adopted) 1938 (modified) March 15, 1972 (current flag adopted)	N/A	Green with the Shahada in large white Thuluth script.
Flag of Senegal	Senegal	National flag and ensign	2:3	September 1960 (adopted)	N/A	Three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band.
Flag of Serbia	Serbia	State flag	2:3	1804 (Panslavic tricolor adopted) 1882 (tricolor with coat of arms adopted) 1947 (SRS flag adopted) August 17, 2004 (modified) June 6, 2006 (retained at independence) November 11, 2010 (modified)	N/A	Three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white charged with the coat of arms of Serbia shifted slightly to the hoist side; the principal field of the coat of arms displays a white two-headed eagle on a red shield; a smaller red shield on the eagle is divided into four quarters by a white cross.
Flag of Seychelles	Seychelles	National flag and ensign	1:2	June 18, 1996 (adopted)	Philippe Uzice	Five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side.
Flag of Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone	National flag	2:3	April 27, 1961 (adopted)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue.
Flag of Singapore	Singapore	National flag	2:3	December 3, 1959 (adopted) August 9, 1965 (retained at independence)	Toh Chin Chye	Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle.
Flag of Slovakia	Slovakia	National flag	2:3	June 23, 1939 (Slovak State tricolor adopted) March 1, 1990 (tricolor readopted) March 3, 1992 (coat of arms added) January 1, 1993 (retained at independence)	Čisárik Ladislav (current design) Vrtel Ladislav (current design)	Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the Slovakian coat of arms (consisting of a red shield bordered in white and bearing a white double-barred cross of Cyril and Methodius surmounting three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset slightly to the hoist side.
Flag of Slovenia	Slovenia	National flag and ensign	1:2	1848 (tricolor adopted by the Slovene national movement) June 24, 1991 (readopted with coat of arms added) June 25, 1991 (retained at independence)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the coat of arms of Slovenia (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands.
Flag of the Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	National flag and ensign	1:2	November 18, 1977 (adopted) July 7, 1978 (retained at independence)	Disputed	Divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green.
Flag of Somalia	Somalia	National flag and ensign	2:3	October 12, 1954 (adopted) July 1, 1960 (retained at independence)	Mohammed Awale Liban	Light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center.
Flag of South Africa	South Africa	National flag, civil, and ensign	2:3	April 27, 1994 (officially introduced) 1996 (adopted)	Frederick Brownell	Two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band that splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes.
Flag of South Korea	South Korea	National flag, civil and state ensign	2:3	August 1882 (Imperial Korean flag adopted) 1948 (readopted) January 25, 1950 (modified) February 21, 1984 (modified) October 1997 (colors specified)	Lee Eung-jun	White with a red (top) and blue taijitu in the center; there is a different black trigram from the I Ching in each corner of the white field.
Flag of South Sudan	South Sudan	National flag	1:2	July 9, 2005 (adopted) July 9, 2011 (retained at independence)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side contains a gold, five-pointed star.
Flag of Spain	Spain	State flag and ensign	2:3	May 28, 1785 (basic design introduced) 1843 (adopted as national flag) August 29, 1936 (readopted) 1938 (modified) 1945 (modified) 1977 (modified) October 28, 1981 (modified)	Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán	Three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms is quartered to display the emblems of the traditional kingdoms of Spain (clockwise from upper left, Castile, León, Navarre, and Aragon) while Granada is represented by the stylized pomegranate at the bottom of the shield; the arms are framed by two columns representing the Pillars of Hercules; the red scroll across the two columns bears the imperial motto of PLUS ULTRA (lit. Further beyond).
Flag of Sri Lanka	Sri Lanka	National flag	1:2	c. 15th century (first known usage of the lion flag) February 4, 1948 (Dominion of Ceylon flag adopted) March 2, 1951 (modified) May 22, 1972 (modified) September 7, 1978 (modified)	N/A	Yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other larger panel depicts a yellow lion holding a sword on a maroon rectangular field that also displays a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends between the two panels.
Flag of Sudan	Sudan	National flag and ensign	1:2	May 20, 1970 (adopted)	Abd al-Raḥman Aḥmad al-Jali	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side.
Flag of Suriname	Suriname	National flag and ensign	2:3	November 21, 1975 (adopted) November 25, 1975 (retained at independence)	Jack Pinas	Five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); a large, yellow, five-pointed star is centered in the red band.
Flag of Sweden	Sweden	Civil flag and ensign	5:8	c. 16th century (introduced) 1569 (golden cross war banner decreed) November 6, 1663 (usage regulated) June 22, 1906 (flag law established)	N/A	Blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Nordic cross.
Flag of Switzerland	Switzerland	National flag	1∶1	December 12, 1889 (adopted)	N/A	Red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag.
Flag of Syria	Syria	National flag and ensign	2:3	March 30, 1980 (adopted)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; two small, green, five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band.
Flag of Tajikistan	Tajikistan	National flag	1:2	November 4, 1992 (adopted)	Zuhur Habibullaev	Three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe.
Flag of Tanzania	Tanzania	National flag and ensign	2:3	June 30, 1964 (adopted)	N/A	Divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue.
Flag of Thailand	Thailand	Civil and state flag and ensign	2:3	November 21, 1916 (striped flag adopted) September 28, 1917 (recolored)	Vajiravudh	Five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red.
File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Flag of Togo	Togo	National flag and ensign	2:3	April 27, 1960 (adopted)	Paul Ahyi	Five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; a white five-pointed star on a red square is in the upper hoist-side corner.
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago	Trinidad and Tobago	State flag	3:5	August 31, 1962 (adopted)	Carlisle Chang	Red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side.
Flag of Tunisia	Tunisia	National flag and ensign	2:3	1835 (adopted) 1956 (retained at independence) July 3, 1999 (modified)	N/A	Red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star.
Flag of Turkey	Turkey	National flag and ensign	2:3	June 1793 (adopted as Ottoman naval flag) c. 1844 (eight-pointed star replaced with five-pointed star) June 5, 1936 (officially confirmed)	N/A	Red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening.
Flag of Turkmenistan	Turkmenistan	National flag	2:3	February 19, 1992 (adopted) February 19, 1997 (modified) January 24, 2002 (modified)	N/A	Green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five tribal guls stacked above two crossed olive branches; five white, five-pointed stars and a white crescent moon appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe.
Flag of Tuvalu	Tuvalu	National flag and ensign	1:2	October 1, 1978 (officially hoisted) April 11, 1997 (readopted)	Vione Natano	Light blue with the flag of the United Kingdom in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow, five-pointed stars on a blue field.
Flag of Ukraine	Ukraine	National flag and civil ensign	2:3	1848 (adopted by Supreme Ruthenian Council) January 1918 (adopted by UPR) March 1918 (inverted colors adopted) January 21, 1992 (readopted)	N/A	Two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow.
Flag of the United Arab Emirates	United Arab Emirates	National flag and civil ensign	1:2	December 2, 1971 (adopted)	Abdullah Mohammed Al Maainah	Three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side.
Flag of the United Kingdom	United Kingdom	State flag and jack	1:2	April 17, 1707 (Flag of Great Britain adopted) January 1, 1801 (Saint Patrick's Saltire added)	N/A	Blue field with the red cross of Saint George edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red saltire of Saint Patrick, which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew.
Flag of the United States	United States	National flag	10:19	January 1, 1776 (Grand Union Flag first hoisted) June 14, 1777 (13-star flag adopted) July 4, 1960 (50-star flag adopted)	N/A	13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars.
Flag of Uruguay	Uruguay	National flag and ensign	2:3	December 16, 1828 (adopted) July 11, 1830 (number of stripes reduced)	Joaquín Suárez	Nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face (delineated in black) known as the Sun of May with 16 rays that alternate between triangular and wavy.
Flag of Uzbekistan	Uzbekistan	National flag	1:2	November 18, 1991 (adopted)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a vertical, white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white, five-pointed stars shifted to the hoist on the top band.
Flag of Vanuatu	Vanuatu	National flag	3:5	1977 (adopted by Vanua'aku Pati) July 30, 1980 (adopted as national flag with modification)	Kalontas Malon	Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele fern fronds, all in yellow.
File:Flag of Vatican City.svg Flag of Vatican City	Vatican City	State flag	1∶1	June 7, 1929	N/A	Two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band.
Flag of Venezuela	Venezuela	State flag and ensign	2:3	March 7, 2006	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band.
Flag of Vietnam	Vietnam	National flag and ensign	2:3	July 2, 1976	Disputed	Red field with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center.
Flag of Yemen	Yemen	National flag and civil ensign	2:3	May 22, 1990 (Adopted after the Yemeni unification)	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black.
Flag of Zambia	Zambia	National flag	2:3	1996	Gabriel Ellison	Green field with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag.
Flag of Zimbabwe	Zimbabwe	National flag and ensign	1:2	April 18, 1980	Cedric Herbert	Seven equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe Bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle.

Flags of de facto states

Flag(s)	State	Official usage	Aspect ratio	Date of latest adoption	Designer(s)	Description	Refs.
Flag of Abkhazia	Abkhazia	National flag	2:3	July 23, 1992	Valery Gamgia	Seven equal horizontal stripes of green (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner with a white dexter hand appaumé below an arc of seven white five-pointed stars.
File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Flag of Afghanistan	Afghanistan (Islamic Emirate)	National flag and ensign; flag of the Taliban	1∶2	August 15, 2021	N/A	White with a black Shahada in Thuluth script in the center.
Flag of Kosovo	Kosovo	National flag	2:3	February 17, 2008	Muhamer Ibrahimi	Centered on a dark blue field is a gold-colored silhouette map of Kosovo surmounted by six white, five-pointed stars arrayed in a slight arc.
Flag of Northern Cyprus	Northern Cyprus	National flag	2:3	March 13, 1984	Emin Çizenel	White with a vertical red crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and red five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening centered between two equal horizontal red bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag.
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	National flag	1:2	February 27, 1976	El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed	Three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side. a red, five-pointed star and crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) centered in the white band.
Flag of Somaliland	Somaliland	National flag and ensign	N/A	October 14, 1996	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; a white Shahada centered in the green band; a black, five-pointed star centered in the white band.
Flag of South Ossetia	South Ossetia	N/A	N/A	1990	N/A	Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), red, and yellow.
File:Flag of Taiwan.svg Flag of Taiwan	Taiwan	National flag and state ensign	2:3	October 28, 1928	Lu Haodong (canton) Sun Yat-sen (red field)	Red field with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays.
Flag of Transnistria	Transnistria	National flag	1:2	July 3, 2000	N/A	Three horizontal bands of red (top), green (half-width), and red with a yellow hammer and sickle below a yellow outline of a five-pointed star in the upper hoist-side corner of the top band.

References

Bibliography

• Porsche-Ludwig, Markus; Chen, Ying-Yu (2022a). Handbook Near and Middle East States: Geography - History - Culture - Politics - Economy. LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 978-3-643-91136-0. Search this book on
• Porsche-Ludwig, Markus; Chen, Ying-Yu (2022-11-08). Handbook of Asian States: Part 1: Geography - History - Culture - Politics - Economy. LIT Verlag. ISBN 978-3-643-96100-6. Search this book on
• Znamierowski, Alfred (2013). The World Encyclopedia of Flags: The Definitive Guide to International Flags, Banners, Standards and Ensigns, with Over 1400 Illustration. Lorenz Books. ISBN 978-0-7548-2629-3. Search this book on
• Znamierowski, Alfred (2020-09-20). The World Encyclopedia of Flags: An Illustrated Guide to International Flags, Banners, Standards and Ensigns. Anness Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7548-3480-9. Search this book on
• Mumford, Simon, ed. (2021-11-16). Complete Flags of the World: The Ultimate Pocket Guide (7th ed.). Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-241-52356-8. Search this book on

Further reading

• Mucha, Ludvík (1985). Webster's Concise Encyclopedia of Flags & Coats of Arms. Crescent Books. ISBN 978-0-517-49951-1. Search this book on
• Crampton, William G. (1989). The Complete Guide to Flags. Gallery Books. ISBN 978-0-8317-1605-9. Search this book on
• World Flags (1 ed.). Philip's. 2004-01-01. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199652938.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-965293-8. Search this book on

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