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List of unconfirmed exoplanets

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


This is a list of unconfirmed extrasolar planets. When a planet candidate is confirmed, please remove it from this list and move it to List of extrasolar planets.
For a list of unconfirmed brown dwarfs, see list of brown dwarfs.
An artist's rendering of a hypothetical Jupiter-like exoplanet.

In addition to known extrasolar planets, there are many planet candidates whose existence is more or less uncertain, or they are now known not to exist. On February 2, 2011, the Kepler Space Observatory Mission team released a list of 1235 (unconfirmed) extrasolar planet candidates.[1] 68 candidates are "Earth-size" (smaller than 1.25 of the radius of Earth); 54 candidates are thought to be in the "Habitable Zone (HZ);" Six candidates (KOI 326.01, KOI 701.03, KOI 268.01, KOI 1026.01, KOI 854.01, KOI 70.03 - Table 6)[1] in the HZ are less than twice the size of the Earth; one candidate in the HZ is "Earth-size" (namely, KOI 326.01 at 0.85 the radius of Earth). Nonetheless, there are 54 unconfirmed extrasolar planets listed here.

Planet candidates with incomplete or poorly-constrained orbits[edit]

The following planet candidates have been detected indirectly (e.g. by the radial velocity method) but have not yet had sufficient observations to constrain their orbital properties, either because the planet has not yet completed a full orbit during the time of observation, or because the measurements are too sparse. The parameters given in this table are thus preliminary: further observations of these systems may result in significant changes.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Planet Mass
(MJ)		 Orbital
period
(d)		 Semimajor
axis
(AU)		 Orbital
eccentricity		 Discovery
year		 Ref Notes
HD 1461 Cetus  00h 18m 42s −08° 03′ 11″ 76 e ≥0.072 454 1.165 0.74 2009 [2] The present day (2009) radial velocity method is hard to find Neptune-mass planets at more than 1 AU away from the stars.
HD 1461 Cetus  00h 18m 42s −08° 03′ 11″ 76 d ≥0.3 5000 5 0.16 2009 [2] All parameters for this planet are very poorly constrained.
GD 66 Auriga  05h 20m 38s +30° 48′ 24″ 170 b ≥2.36 2080 2.75 ~0 2009 [3][4] Partial orbit coverage
Gliese 317 Pyxis  08h 40m 59s −23° 27′ 23″ 49.9 c ≥1.6 ≥7100 ≥5.5 ~(0.0-0.8) 2007 [5][6] 2-planet solution modifies parameters of (confirmed) planet b.
Teegarden's Star Aries  02h 53m 01s +16° 52′ 53″ 12.57 b ≥0.24 2.06 0.014 2012 [7] Planetary nature of the RV signal to be confirmed.
Epsilon Indi A Indus  22h 03m 22s −56° 47′ 10″ 11.81 b ≳0.97 >10958 ≳8.57 2013 [8] Partial orbit coverage
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Candidate transiting planets[edit]

There are several known stars for which potential planetary transits have been observed, however they lack enough follow-up information (such as radial velocity measurements) to rule out other hypotheses, such as the presence of a background eclipsing binary star, or a grazing transit of a larger object.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Planet Radius
(RJ)		 Orbital
period
(d)		 Discovery
year		 Ref Notes
1SWASP-J115718.66+261906.1 Leo  11h 57m 19s +26° 19′ 06″ b 1.32 1.226804 2007 [9]
1SWASP-J130322.00+350525.4 Canes Venatici  13h 03m 22s +35° 05′ 25″ b 1.06 2.674207 2007 [9] Transit shape suggests this may be a grazing eclipsing binary.
1SWASP-J152131.01+213521.3 Serpens Caput  15h 21m 31s +21° 35′ 21″ b 1.62 1.338018 2007 [9]
1SWASP-J160242.43+290850.1 Corona Borealis  16h 02m 42s +29° 08′ 50″ b 1.53 1.304693 2007 [9] Transit shape suggests this may be a grazing eclipsing binary.
SWEEPS J175853.29−291233.5 Sagittarius  17h 58m 53s −29° 12′ 34″ ~22000 SWEEPS-01 1.01 1.566 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175853.38–291217.8 Sagittarius  17h 58m 53s −29° 12′ 18″ ~22000 SWEEPS-02 1.37 0.912 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175853.57–291144.1 Sagittarius  17h 58m 54s –29° 11′ 44″ ~22000 SWEEPS-03 0.87 1.279 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175854.60–291128.2 Sagittarius  17h 58m 55s –29° 11′ 28″ ~22000 SWEEPS-05 1.09 2.313 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175857.29–291253.4 Sagittarius  17h 58m 57s –29° 12′ 53″ ~22000 SWEEPS-06 0.82 3.039 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175857.69–291114.5 Sagittarius  17h 58m 58s –29° 11′ 15″ ~22000 SWEEPS-07 0.90 1.747 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175859.24–291328.7 Sagittarius  17h 58m 59s –29° 13′ 29″ ~22000 SWEEPS-08 0.98 0.868 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175859.60–291211.8 Sagittarius  17h 59m 00s –29° 12′ 12″ ~22000 SWEEPS-09 1.01 1.617 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175902.00–291323.7 Sagittarius  17h 59m 02s –29° 13′ 24″ ~22000 SWEEPS-10 1.24 0.424 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175904.44–291317.1 Sagittarius  17h 59m 04s –29° 13′ 17″ ~22000 SWEEPS-12 0.91 2.952 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175905.95–291305.6 Sagittarius  17h 59m 06s –29° 13′ 06″ ~22000 SWEEPS-13 0.78 1.684 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175907.56–291039.8 Sagittarius  17h 59m 08s –29° 10′ 40″ ~22000 SWEEPS-14 0.93 2.965 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175907.64–291023.7 Sagittarius  17h 59m 08s –29° 10′ 24″ ~22000 SWEEPS-15 1.37 0.541 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175908.44–291140.6 Sagittarius  17h 59m 08s –29° 11′ 41″ ~22000 SWEEPS-16 1.40 0.969 2006 [10] Distance modulus = 14.1
CoRoT-102636650 Monoceros  06h 42m 18s −01° 24′ 06″ - CoRoT-102636650 b - 8.1 2007 [11]
CoRoT-102638570 Monoceros  06h 42m 21s −01° 11′ 48″ - CoRoT-102638570 b - 6.5 2007 [12]
OGLE-TR-123 Carina  11h 06m 51s −61° 11′ 10″ 500 pc OGLE-TR-123 b 0.41 1.803 2010 [13] Needs RV measurement
OGLE-TR-173 Musca  13h 14m 56s −65° 02′ 00″ 100 pc OGLE-TR-173 b 0.43 2.605 2010 [14] Needs RV
OGLE-TR-61 Carina  11h 08m 41s −61° 07′ 59″ 250 pc OGLE-TR-61 b 0.6 4.268 2010 [15] Needs RV
OGLE-TR-74 Carina  11h 06m 11s −61° 14′ 53″ 250 pc OGLE-TR-74 b 0.63 1.581 2010 [16] Needs RV
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Planets suspected from dust disk morphology[edit]

The following planets have been predicted based on the morphology of dust disks around their stars.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Planet Mass
(MJ)		 Semimajor
axis
(AU)		 Orbital
eccentricity		 Discovery
year		 Ref Notes
Epsilon Eridani Eridanus  03h 32m 55s −09° 27′ 29″ 10.5 ~20 2008 [17] Associated with ~20 AU planetesimal belt.
Epsilon Eridani Eridanus  03h 32m 55s −09° 27′ 29″ 10.5 c ~0.1 ~40 ~0.3 2002 [18] Associated with outer icy debris disk.
Beta Pictoris Pictor  05h 47m 17s −51° 03′ 59″ 63.4 ~0.5 ~25 ~0.01 2007 [19] Associated with ~32 AU planetesimal belt.
Beta Pictoris Pictor  05h 47m 17s −51° 03′ 59″ 63.4 ~0.1 ~45 ~0.01 2007 [19] Associated with ~52 AU planetesimal belt.
Kappa Coronae Borealis Corona Borealis  15h 51m 14s 35° 39′ 27″ 101.5 2013 [20] Associated with dust disk surrounding the star.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Stars with radial velocity trends[edit]

The following stars have long-term radial velocity trends in addition to any confirmed planets they may have. This may indicate the presence of objects (possibly planetary in nature) in long-period orbits in these systems.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Velocity trend
(m/s per year)		 Ref Notes
HD 28185 Eridanus  04h 26m 26s −10° 33′ 02″ 138 11.0 [21] No trend found by Magellan Planet Search Program.[22]
Gliese 849 Aquarius  22h 09m 40s −04° 38′ 27″ 28.7 −4.6 [23]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Systems with possible transit variations[edit]

The following extrasolar planets have been suggested to have variations in the parameters of their transits across the face of their parent stars which may be caused by perturbations from an additional planet. Note that the planet designations listed in this table refer to the (confirmed) transiting planets: it is the additional perturbing planet that is unconfirmed. The discovery year refers to the discovery of the transit variations.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Transiting
Planet		 Discovery
year		 Ref Notes
OGLE-TR-111 Carina  10h 53m 01s −61° 24′ 20″ 5000 b 2008 [24] Unconfirmed second transiting planet.[25]
Gliese 436 Leo  11h 42m 11s +26° 42′ 23″ 33.48 b 2008 [26][27] Planet candidate Gliese 436 c has been retracted,[28] but alternate solutions are possible.[27]
WASP-3 WASP-3 c 2010
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Dubious and disproven candidates[edit]

This list includes disproven planets: objects which are no longer thought to be planetary, or no longer thought to exist at all, and objects which are detections which are suspected to be non-planetary in nature, for example radial velocity variations which may be caused by stellar variations. This list also contains planets which cannot be confirmed, for example planets detected in microlensing events which have low observational coverage.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Planet Discovery
year		 Detection
method		 Ref Notes
WASP-9 483 b 2008 Transit [29] Discovery retracted: blended eclipsing binary in hierarchical triple.[30]
HD 11964 Cetus  01h 57m 09s −10° 14′ 32″ 110.8 d 2007 Radial velocity [31] Not detected in re-reduced data.[32] Detection possibly an effect of Earth's orbital motion.[31]
TMR-1 Taurus  04h 39m 14s +25° 53′ 21″ 460 C 1998 Imaging [33] Background star.[34]
HD 33636 Orion  05h 11m 46s +04° 24′ 13″ 91.6 b 2002 Radial velocity [35] Companion is a red dwarf star in a low-inclination orbit.[36]
TW Hydrae Hydra  11h 01m 52s −34° 42′ 17″ 180 b 2007 Radial velocity [37] Radial velocity variations caused by stellar spots.[38]
ChaHa8 Chamaeleon  11h 07m 48s −77° 40′ 08″ 160 pc b 2007 Radial velocity [39] New velocity measurements in 2010 bring the mass above the planetary mass limit (30 to 59 MJ)
Gliese 436 Leo  11h 42m 11s +26° 42′ 23″ 33.48 c 2008 Transit variations [26] Retracted by authors.[28] Alternate solutions are still possible.[27]
61 Virginis Virgo  13h 18m 24.3s −18° 18′ 40.3″ 27.8 d 2009 Radial velocity [40] Not detected by independent measurements [41]
QS Virginis Virgo  13h 49m 52s –13° 13′ 38″ 156.48 b 2009 Eclipsing binary minima [42] Subsequent timings showed that patterns were not predicted by planetary models. The best fit model for an orbit would have mass 50 MJup (0.05 M☉) in an eccentric, 14-year orbit.[42]
1SWASP-J161732.90+242119.0 Hercules  16h 17m 33s +24° 21′ 19″ b 2007 Transits [9] No radial velocity variations: planet hypothesis ruled out.[9]
HD 150706 Ursa Minor  16h 31m 18s +79° 47′ 23″ 88.8 b 2002 Radial velocity [43] Not detected in independent measurements.[44]
MACHO-1997-BLG-41 (lens) Sagittarius  17h 56m 21s –28° 47′ 42″ ~10000 1999 Microlensing [45] Detection explained by orbital motion of binary star in lens system.[46]
Barnard's Star Ophiuchus  17h 57m 48s +04° 41′ 36″ 5.98 various 1963 Astrometry [47] Failed independent confirmation.[48] Artifact of telescope maintenance procedures.[49]
PSR B1829−10 Scutum  18h 32m 40s –10° 21′ 33″ 30000 1991 Pulsar timing [50] Error in correcting for Earth's orbital motion.[51]
HD 188753 A Cygnus  19h 54m 58s +41° 52′ 18″ 149 b 2005 Radial velocity [52] Planet not detected in follow-up; original data do not support planet hypothesis.[53]
HD 208487 Grus  21h 57m 20s −37° 45′ 49″ 144 c 2005 Radial velocity [54] Radial velocity variations probably caused by stellar activity.[44]
HD 219542 B Pisces  23h 16m 35s −01° 35′ 07″ 178 b 2003 Radial velocity [55] Radial velocity variations caused by stellar activity.[56]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Hypothetical extrasolar planet types[edit]

Hypothetical types of extrasolar planet include:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Borucki, William J. (1 February 2011). "Characteristics of planetary candidates observed by Kepler, II: Analysis of the first four months of data". arXiv:1102.0541 [astro-ph.EP]. More than one of author-name-list parameters specified (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rivera, M.; Butler, R. Paul; Vogt, Steven S.; Laughlin, Gregory; Henry, Gregory W.; Meschiari, Stefano; et al. (2009). "A Super-Earth Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like Star HD 1461". The Astrophysical Journal. 708 (2): 1492. arXiv:0912.2566. Bibcode:2010ApJ...708.1492R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1492.
  3. ↑ Mullally, F.; Winget, D. E.; Degennaro, Steven; Jeffery, Elizabeth; Thompson, S. E.; Chandler, Dean; Kepler, S. O.; et al. (2008). "Limits on Planets around Pulsating White Dwarf Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 676 (1): 573–583. Bibcode:2008ApJ...676..573M. doi:10.1086/528672.
  4. ↑ Fergal Mullally; Reach, William T.; Steven Degennaro; Adam Burrows (2009). "Spitzer Planet Limits around the Pulsating White Dwarf GD66". The Astrophysical Journal. 694: 327–331. arXiv:0812.2951. Bibcode:2009ApJ...694..327M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/694/1/327.
  5. ↑ Johnson, J. A.; Butler, R. Paul; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Fischer, Debra A.; Vogt, Steven S.; Wright, Jason T.; Peek, Kathryn M. G.; et al. (2007). "A New Planet around an M Dwarf: Revealing a Correlation between Exoplanets and Stellar Mass". The Astrophysical Journal. 670 (1): 833–840. arXiv:0707.2409. Bibcode:2007ApJ...670..833J. doi:10.1086/521720.
  6. ↑ Anglada-Escude, Guillem; et al. (2012). "Astrometry and radial velocities of the planet host M dwarf Gliese 317: new trigonometric distance, metallicity and upper limit to the mass of Gliese 317 b". The Astrophysical Journal. 764 (1): 37A. arXiv:1111.2623. Bibcode:2012ApJ...746...37A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/37{{inconsistent citations}}
  7. ↑ Barnes, J. R.; Jenkins, J. S.; Jones, H. R. A.; Rojo, P.; Arriagada, P.; Jordán, A.; Minniti, D.; Tuomi, M.; Jeffers, S. V.; Pinfield, D.; et al. (2012). "ROPS: A New Search for Habitable Earths in the Southern Sky". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 424 (1): 591–604. arXiv:1204.6283. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.424..591B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21236.x.
  8. ↑ Zechmeister, M.; Kürster, M.; Endl, M.; Lo Curto, G.; Hartman, H.; Nilsson, H.; Henning, T.; Hatzes, A. P.; Cochran, W. D. (April 2013). "The planet search programme at the ESO CES and HARPS. IV. The search for Jupiter analogues around solar-like stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 552: pp62. arXiv:1211.7263. Bibcode:2013A&A...552A..78Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116551.CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Kane, S. R.; Clarkson, W. I.; West, R. G.; Wilson, D. M.; Christian, D. J.; Collier Cameron, A.; Enoch, B.; Lister, T. A.; Street, R. A.; Evans, A.; Fitzsimmons, A.; Haswell, C. A.; Hellier, C.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Horne, K.; Irwin, J.; Keenan, F. P.; Norton, A. J.; Osborne, J.; Parley, N. R.; Pollacco, D. L.; Ryans, R.; Skillen, I.; Wheatley, P. J.; et al. (2008). "SuperWASP-N extrasolar planet candidates from fields 06h < RA < 16h". MNRAS. 384 (3): 1097–1108. arXiv:0711.2581. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.384.1097K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12722.x.
  10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 Sahu, K. C.; Casertano, Stefano; Bond, Howard E.; Valenti, Jeff; Ed Smith, T.; Minniti, Dante; Zoccali, Manuela; Livio, Mario; Panagia, Nino; Piskunov, Nikolai; Brown, Thomas M.; Brown, Timothy; Renzini, Alvio; Rich, R. Michael; Clarkson, Will; Lubow, Stephen; et al. (2006). "Transiting extrasolar planetary candidates in the Galactic bulge". Nature. 443 (7111): 534–540. arXiv:astro-ph/0610098. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..534S. doi:10.1038/nature05158. PMID 17024085.
  11. ↑ [1] - Notes for Planet CoRoT-102636650 b
  12. ↑ [2] - Notes for Planet CoRoT-102638570 b
  13. ↑ [3] - Notes for Planet OGLE-TR-123 b
  14. ↑ [4] - Notes for Planet OGLE-TR-173 b
  15. ↑ [5] - Notes for Planet OGLE-TR-61 b
  16. ↑ [6] - Notes for Planet OGLE-TR-74 b
  17. ↑ Backman, D.; Marengo, M.; Stapelfeldt, K.; Su, K.; Wilner, D.; Dowell, C. D.; Watson, D.; Stansberry, J.; et al. (2009). "Epsilon Eridani's Planetary Debris Disk: Structure and Dynamics based on Spitzer and CSO Observations". Astrophysical Journal. 690 (2): 1522–1538. arXiv:0810.4564. Bibcode:2009ApJ...690.1522B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/2/1522.
  18. ↑ Quillen, A. C. and Thorndike, S. (2002). "Structure in the ε Eridani Dusty Disk Caused by Mean Motion Resonances with a 0.3 Eccentricity Planet at Periastron". The Astrophysical Journal. 578 (2): L149–L152. arXiv:astro-ph/0208279. Bibcode:2002ApJ...578L.149Q. doi:10.1086/344708.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Freistetter, F.; Krivov, A. V. and Löhne, T. (2007). "Planets of β Pictoris revisited". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 466 (1): 389–393. arXiv:astro-ph/0701526. Bibcode:2007A&A...466..389F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066746.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ↑ Kate Y. L. Su, Amy Bonsor; Kennedy, Grant M.; Crepp, Justin R.; Johnson, John A.; Wyatt, Mark C.; Sibthorpe, Bruce; Su, Kate Y. L. (2013). "Spatially Resolved Images of Dust Belt(s) Around the Planet-hosting Subgiant Kappa CrB". Cornell University. arXiv:1302.7000 [astro-ph.EP]. Unknown parameter |publisher= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ Chauvin, G.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Udry, S.; Fusco, T.; Galland, F.; Naef, D.; Beuzit, J.-L.; Mayor, M.; et al. (2006). "Probing long-period companions to planetary hosts. VLT and CFHT near infrared coronographic imaging surveys". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 456 (3): 1165–1172. arXiv:astro-ph/0606166. Bibcode:2006A&A...456.1165C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054709.
  22. ↑ Minniti; Paul Butler, R.; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes; Shectman, Stephen A.; Adams, Fred C.; Arriagada, Pamela; Boss, Alan P.; Chambers, John E.; et al. (2008). "Low Mass Companions for Five Solar-Type Stars from the Magellan Planet Search Program". The Astrophysical Journal. v1. 693 (2): 1424–1430. arXiv:0810.5348. Bibcode:2009ApJ...693.1424M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1424.
  23. ↑ Butler, R. P.; Johnson, John Asher; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Wright, Jason T.; Vogt, Steven S.; Fischer, Debra A.; et al. (2006). "A Long-Period Jupiter-Mass Planet Orbiting the Nearby M Dwarf GJ 849". PASP. 118 (850): 1685–1689. arXiv:astro-ph/0610179. Bibcode:2006PASP..118.1685B. doi:10.1086/510500.
  24. ↑ Díaz, R. F.; Rojo, Patricio; Melita, Mario; Hoyer, Sergio; Minniti, Dante; Mauas, Pablo J. D.; Ruíz, María Teresa; et al. (2008). "Detection of Period Variations in Extrasolar Transiting Planet OGLE-TR-111b". The Astrophysical Journal. 682 (1): L49–L52. arXiv:0806.1229. Bibcode:2008ApJ...682L..49D. doi:10.1086/590907.
  25. ↑ Dante Minniti (2005). "Search for Double Transit Extrasolar Planetary Systems: Another Transiting Planet Around OGLE-TR-111 or a False Positive Detection?". arXiv:0501440 Check |arxiv= value (help) [astro-ph].
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Ribas, I.; Font-Ribera, Andreu; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe; et al. (2008). "A ~5 M⊕ Super-Earth Orbiting GJ 436? The Power of Near-Grazing Transits". The Astrophysical Journal. 677 (1): L59–L62. arXiv:0801.3230. Bibcode:2008ApJ...677L..59R. doi:10.1086/587961.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Coughlin, J. L.; Stringfellow, Guy S.; Becker, Andrew C.; López-Morales, Mercedes; Mezzalira, Fabio; Krajci, Tom; et al. (2008). "New Observations and a Possible Detection of Parameter Variations in the Transits of Gliese 436b". The Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): L149–L152. arXiv:0809.1664. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689L.149C. doi:10.1086/595822.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Schneider, J. "Notes for star GJ 436". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 2008-12-17.
  29. ↑ "THE (SUPER)WASP FACTORY FINDS 10 NEW PLANETS IN THE LAST 6 MONTHS". 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
  30. ↑ Andrew Collier Cameron (2009-09-17). "Retraction of WASP-9's planet candidacy". Retrieved 2010-02-08.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 P.C. Gregory (Sep 6, 2007). "A Bayesian periodogram finds evidence for three planets in HD 11964". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 381 (4): 1607. arXiv:0709.0970. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.381.1607G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12361.x.
  32. ↑ Wright, J. T.; Upadhyay, S.; Marcy, G. W.; Fischer, D. A.; Ford, Eric B.; John Asher Johnson (2009). "Ten New and Updated Multi-planet Systems, and a Survey of Exoplanetary Systems". Astrophysical Journal. 693 (2): 1084–1099. arXiv:0812.1582. Bibcode:2009ApJ...693.1084W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1084.
  33. ↑ Tereby, S.; Van Buren, D.; Padgett, D. L.; Hancock, T.; Brundage, M.; et al. (1998). "A Candidate Protoplanet in the Taurus Star-forming Region". The Astrophysical Journal. 507 (1): L71–L74. arXiv:astro-ph/9808302. Bibcode:1998ApJ...507L..71T. doi:10.1086/311671.
  34. ↑ Tereby, S.; Van Buren, D.; Matthews, K.; Padgett, D. L.; et al. (2000). "The Spectrum of TMR-1C Is Consistent with a Background Star". The Astronomical Journal. 119 (5): 2341–2348. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.2341T. doi:10.1086/301336.
  35. ↑ Vogt, S. S.; Butler, R. Paul; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Fischer, Debra A.; Pourbaix, Dimitri; Apps, Kevin; Laughlin, Gregory; et al. (2002). "Ten Low-Mass Companions from the Keck Precision Velocity Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 568 (1): 352–362. arXiv:astro-ph/0110378. Bibcode:2002ApJ...568..352V. doi:10.1086/338768.
  36. ↑ Bean, J. L.; McArthur, Barbara E.; Benedict, G. Fritz; Harrison, Thomas E.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Nelan, Edmund; Smith, Verne V.; et al. (2007). "The Mass of the Candidate Exoplanet Companion to HD 33636 from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities". The Astronomical Journal. 134 (2): 749–758. arXiv:0705.1861. Bibcode:2007AJ....134..749B. doi:10.1086/519956.
  37. ↑ Setiawan, J.; Henning, Th.; Launhardt, R.; Müller, A.; Weise, P.; Kürster, M.; et al. (2007). "A young massive planet in a star-disk system". Nature. 451 (7174): 38–41. Bibcode:2008Natur.451...38S. doi:10.1038/nature06426. PMID 18172492.
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