November 2020 Adwa massacre

November 2020 Adwa massacre
	Part of Tigray War
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Target	Tigrayans
Attack type	Mass killing; Ethnic cleansing;
Deaths	31 civilians
Perpetrators	Eritrean Defence Forces

Coordinates: 14°09′56″N 38°53′41″E / 14.1655°N 38.8946°E / 14.1655; 38.8946

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The November 2020 Adwa massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing that took place in Adwa (Tigrinya: ዓድዋ) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 20 November 2021.^[1] Adwa is a town in the Central Zone of Tigray.

Massacre[edit]

The Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) killed 31 civilians in Adwa (Central Tigray) on 20 November 2021.^[1]

Teklu was a health officer and he got killed with Andom Aregawi. Andom was an ambulance driver. He was driving with a woman in labor. His younger brother, Biniam, also got killed on the same day by the Eritrean soldiers. — Tghat, Verified list of civilian victims, ^[2]

In line with historical studies of massacres, including those committed during the Armenian genocide,^[3]^[4] a massacre can be defined as a conflict incident in which at least five unarmed civilians were killed on the same day at the same location. Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters; and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole such as in case of mass killings in churches.^[5]

Perpetrators[edit]

The victims’ families reported the perpetrators as being Eritrean soldiers.^[2]

Victims[edit]

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” mentions 31 victims of this massacre,^[1] of which eight have been identified:^[2]

Abraham Hagos Gebru
Alemseged Yirdaw
Andom Aregawi Gebru (32)
Biniam Aregawi Gebru
Hagos Meles
Teklu Abera Michael
Teklu Gebrehiwet
Tesfamichael Gebretsadik (45)

Reactions[edit]

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation”,^[1] that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly regarding its Annex A, that lists massacres in the Tigray War.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, a joint investigation by OHCHR and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was announced in March 2021.^[9]

While the Ethiopian government promised that Eritrean troops will be pulled out from Tigray, the Eritrean government denies any participation in warfare in Tigray, let alone in massacres.^[10]

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources
↑ Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
↑ Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray
↑ EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region
↑ CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre
↑ The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified
↑ France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe
↑ DW, 19 March 2021: Fact check: Are other nations involved in the war in Tigray?

External links[edit]

Twitter: author @tvbempt; hashtags #NeverForget #SayTheirNames #Adwa
World Peace Foundation: Starving Tigray
Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
TGHAT: A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources

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[atlas-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation

[tghat-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources

[3] Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on

[4] Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.

[world-5] 5.0 ^5.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray

[6] EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region

[7] CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre

[8] The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified

[9] France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe

[10] DW, 19 March 2021: Fact check: Are other nations involved in the war in Tigray?

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