CryptoNote: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox software | <!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the discussion has been closed. --> | ||
| name | {{Article for deletion/dated|page=CryptoNote|timestamp=20190104095011|year=2019|month=January|day=4|substed=yes|help=off}} | ||
| logo | <!-- Once discussion is closed, please place on talk page: {{Old AfD multi|page=CryptoNote|date=4 January 2019|result='''keep'''}} --> | ||
| programming language | <!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --> | ||
| operating system | {{Original research|date=December 2018}} | ||
'''CryptoNote''' is an [[application layer]] protocol that aims to solve the problems outlined in Bitcoin Core, the protocol behind [[Bitcoin]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf|title=CryptoNote v 2.0|last=|first=|date=|website=cryptonote.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-21}}</ref>. The protocol powers several decentralized privacy-oriented [[digital currency|digital currencies]]. | |||
| genre | |||
| license | {{Infobox software | ||
| website | | name = CryptoNote | ||
| logo = | |||
| author = Nicolas van Saberhagen | |||
| programming language = [[C++]] | |||
| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Unix-like]], [[OS X]] | |||
| genre = [[Cryptocurrency]], [[Anonymity application|anonymity]] | |||
| license = [[MIT License]] | |||
| website = {{URL|https://cryptonote.org/}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
== | Nothing is known about the original author of CryptoNote, "Nicolas van Saberhagen."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailydot.com/debug/what-is-monero/|title=Meet North Korea and Lana Del Rey’s new favorite cryptocurrency|date=2018-02-09|website=The Daily Dot|language=en|access-date=2018-12-21}}</ref> | ||
== Transaction Unlinkability == | |||
[[File:CryptoNote blockchain analysis ambiguity.gif|thumb|upright=2|The changes in the results of blockchain analysis after implementing the ring signatures.]] | [[File:CryptoNote blockchain analysis ambiguity.gif|thumb|upright=2|The changes in the results of blockchain analysis after implementing the ring signatures.]] | ||
Transactions in the CryptoNote protocol use a one-time destination address, meaning no observer can determine if any transactions were sent to a specific address or link two addresses together.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
= | To prevent sender identification from the recipient, CryptoNote groups the sender's public key with several other keys (more precisely, it groups the sender's output with several other's outputs), making it impossible to tell who actually sent the transaction. If [[ring signature]]s are used, all possible senders referenced in the transaction are equiprobable and there is no way to determine the exact [[private key]] used while signing.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
Since the original release, many additional CryptoNote additions have been made, such as a change to ring signatures known as RingCT which conceals transaction amounts. | |||
== | == Proof of Work == | ||
The original CryptoNote protocol proposes a memory-intensive hashing algorithm, CryptoNight, which was designed to close the gap between CPU mining and that of GPUs, [[FPGAs]] and [[Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs]].<ref name=":0" /> However since its release in 2014, ASICs have since been designed for the original CryptoNight algorithm. | |||
== Emission == | |||
CryptoNote retargets the difficulty of every block for faster adjustment for when the network hashrate shrinks or grows intensely for a short period of time. Block sizes are dynamic, with a miner penalty fee if the miner produces a block significantly larger than the previous median of 100 blocks.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Currencies == | == Currencies == | ||
[[File:Forks-tree-fixed-Feb2017.png|thumb| | [[File:Forks-tree-fixed-Feb2017.png|thumb|Forks chart of CryptoNote-based cryptocurrencies (Feb 2018).]] | ||
An [[Open-source software|open sourced]] project known as Forkmaps aims to maintain a directory of CryptoNote based coin forks. | |||
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forkmaps.com/|title=Forkmaps|website=forkmaps.com|access-date=2018-12-21}}</ref> | |||
=== Bytecoin (BCN) === | === Bytecoin (BCN) === | ||
Bytecoin (BCN), not to be confused Bitcoin (BTC), was the first implementation of the CryptoNote protocol launched to the public on July 4, 2012. | |||
Bytecoin (BCN), not to be confused Bitcoin (BTC), was the first implementation of the CryptoNote protocol launched to the public on July 4, 2012. | |||
The Bytecoin blockchain contains some extra information not directly related to money transfers: several blocks include [[geographic coordinate]]s of universities, educational facilities among other buildings. | The Bytecoin blockchain contains some extra information not directly related to money transfers: several blocks include [[geographic coordinate]]s of universities, educational facilities among other buildings.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} | ||
|date= | |||
}} | |||
=== Monero (XMR) === | === Monero (XMR) === | ||
{{Main|Monero (cryptocurrency)}} | {{Main|Monero (cryptocurrency)}} | ||
[[Monero (cryptocurrency)|Monero]] is currently the | [[Monero (cryptocurrency)|Monero]] is currently the best known of the CryptoNote-based cryptocurrencies. Forked from Bytecoin in April 2014, it has a 2-minute block target and 50% slower emission speed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2017/01/monero-drug-dealers-cryptocurrency-choice-fire/|title=Monero, the Drug Dealer's Cryptocurrency of Choice, Is on Fire|last=Greenberg|first=Andy|date=2017-01-25|work=Wired|access-date=2018-12-21|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> | ||
In September 2014, Monero was attacked when someone exploited a flaw in CryptoNote that permitted the creation of two subchains that refused to recognize the validity of transactions on each other | In September 2014, Monero was attacked when someone exploited a flaw in CryptoNote that permitted the creation of two subchains that refused to recognize the validity of transactions on each other. | ||
===Other=== | |||
In 2014 there were several CryptoNote-based fraudulent coin launches, which exploited CrytoNote's open source code and the anonymity it provides in transactions. | |||
{{Portal bar|Cryptography|Economics|Free and open-source software|Internet}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Cryptocurrencies|state=expanded}} | {{Cryptocurrencies|state=expanded}} | ||
[[Category:Alternative currencies]] | |||
[[Category:Application layer protocols]] | |||
[[Category:Cryptocurrencies]] | [[Category:Cryptocurrencies]] | ||
[[Category:Digital currencies]] | |||
{{Source Wikipedia}} | |||
Revision as of 10:21, 4 January 2019
CryptoNote is an application layer protocol that aims to solve the problems outlined in Bitcoin Core, the protocol behind Bitcoin[1]. The protocol powers several decentralized privacy-oriented digital currencies.
| Original author(s) | Nicolas van Saberhagen |
|---|---|
| Written in | C++ |
| Engine | |
| Operating system | Windows, Unix-like, OS X |
| Type | Cryptocurrency, anonymity |
| License | MIT License |
| Website | cryptonote |
Search CryptoNote on Amazon.
Nothing is known about the original author of CryptoNote, "Nicolas van Saberhagen."[2]
Transaction Unlinkability
Transactions in the CryptoNote protocol use a one-time destination address, meaning no observer can determine if any transactions were sent to a specific address or link two addresses together.[1]
To prevent sender identification from the recipient, CryptoNote groups the sender's public key with several other keys (more precisely, it groups the sender's output with several other's outputs), making it impossible to tell who actually sent the transaction. If ring signatures are used, all possible senders referenced in the transaction are equiprobable and there is no way to determine the exact private key used while signing.[1]
Since the original release, many additional CryptoNote additions have been made, such as a change to ring signatures known as RingCT which conceals transaction amounts.
Proof of Work
The original CryptoNote protocol proposes a memory-intensive hashing algorithm, CryptoNight, which was designed to close the gap between CPU mining and that of GPUs, FPGAs and ASICs.[1] However since its release in 2014, ASICs have since been designed for the original CryptoNight algorithm.
Emission
CryptoNote retargets the difficulty of every block for faster adjustment for when the network hashrate shrinks or grows intensely for a short period of time. Block sizes are dynamic, with a miner penalty fee if the miner produces a block significantly larger than the previous median of 100 blocks.[1]
Currencies
An open sourced project known as Forkmaps aims to maintain a directory of CryptoNote based coin forks. [3]
Bytecoin (BCN)
Bytecoin (BCN), not to be confused Bitcoin (BTC), was the first implementation of the CryptoNote protocol launched to the public on July 4, 2012.
The Bytecoin blockchain contains some extra information not directly related to money transfers: several blocks include geographic coordinates of universities, educational facilities among other buildings.[citation needed]
Monero (XMR)
Monero is currently the best known of the CryptoNote-based cryptocurrencies. Forked from Bytecoin in April 2014, it has a 2-minute block target and 50% slower emission speed.[4]
In September 2014, Monero was attacked when someone exploited a flaw in CryptoNote that permitted the creation of two subchains that refused to recognize the validity of transactions on each other.
Other
In 2014 there were several CryptoNote-based fraudulent coin launches, which exploited CrytoNote's open source code and the anonymity it provides in transactions.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "CryptoNote v 2.0" (PDF). cryptonote.org. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
- ↑ "Meet North Korea and Lana Del Rey's new favorite cryptocurrency". The Daily Dot. 2018-02-09. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
- ↑ "Forkmaps". forkmaps.com. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
- ↑ Greenberg, Andy (2017-01-25). "Monero, the Drug Dealer's Cryptocurrency of Choice, Is on Fire". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
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