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27 Club

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

27 Club graffiti in Tel Aviv depicting several well-known members of the club. Left to right: Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Kurt Cobain, and Amy Winehouse.[1]

The 27 Club is an informal list consisting mostly of popular musicians, artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27.[2][3][4][5][6] Although the claim of a "statistical spike" for the death of musicians at that age has been refuted by scientific research, it remains a cultural phenomenon, with many celebrities who die at 27 noted for their high-risk lifestyles.

Cultural phenomenon[edit]

Beginning with the deaths of several 27-year-old popular musicians between 1969 and 1971, dying at the age of 27 came to be, and remains, a perennial subject of popular culture, celebrity journalism, and entertainment industry lore.[2][3] This cultural phenomenon, which came to be known as the "27 Club," attributes special significance to popular musicians, artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27, often as a result of drug and alcohol abuse or violent means such as homicide, suicide, or transportation-related accidents.[7] Several exhibitions have been devoted to the idea, as well as novels, films and stage plays.[8][9][6][10] The cultural phenomenon also gave rise to an urban myth that celebrity deaths are more common at 27, a claim that has been refuted by statistical research.[11][5]

History[edit]

Jim Morrison, lead singer of the rock band the Doors and among the first people associated with the 27 Club

Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison all died at the age of 27 between 1969 and 1971.[12][13] Blues musician Robert Johnson, who died in 1938, is one of the earliest popular musicians to be included in lists of 27 Club members.[14]

According to Hendrix and Kurt Cobain's biographer Charles R. Cross, the growing importance of the media—Internet, magazines, and television—and the response to an interview of Cobain's mother were jointly responsible for such theories. An excerpt from a statement that Cobain's mother, Wendy Fradenburg Cobain O'Connor, made in the Aberdeen, Washington, newspaper The Daily World—"Now he's gone and joined that stupid club. I told him not to join that stupid club."—referred to Hendrix, Joplin, and Morrison dying at the same age, according to Cross.[15] Other authors share his view.[16] On the other hand, Eric Segalstad, writer of The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll, assumed that Cobain's mother referred to the death of his two uncles and his great-uncle, all of whom had also committed suicide.[17] According to Cross, the events have led a "set of conspiracy theorists [to suggest] the absurd notion that Kurt Cobain intentionally timed his death so he could join the 27 Club".[18]

In 2011, seventeen years after Cobain's death, Amy Winehouse died at the age of 27, prompting a renewed swell of media attention devoted to the club once again.[19] Three years earlier, she had expressed a fear of dying at that age.[20]

An individual does not necessarily have to be a musician to qualify as a "member" of the 27 Club. Rolling Stone included television actor Jonathan Brandis, who committed suicide in 2003, in a list of 27 Club members.[14] Anton Yelchin, who had played in a punk rock band but was primarily known as a film actor, was also described as a member of the club upon his death in 2016.[21] Likewise, Jean-Michel Basquiat has been included in 27 Club lists, despite the relative brevity of his music career, and his prominence as a painter.[22]

Scientific studies[edit]

According to music biographer Charles R. Cross, "The number of musicians who passed away at 27 is truly remarkable by any standard. Though humans die regularly at all ages, there is a statistical spike for musicians who die at 27."[18]

Despite the cultural significance given to musician and celebrity deaths at age 27, the claim that they are statistically more common at this age is an urban myth, refuted by scientific research.[2]

A study by university academics published in the British Medical Journal in December 2011 concluded that there was no increase in the risk of death for musicians at the age of 27, stating that there were equally small increases at ages 25 and 32. The study noted that young adult musicians have a higher death rate than the general young adult population, surmising that "fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27". The selection criteria for the musicians included in the study, based on having scored a UK No. 1 album between 1956 and 2007, excluded several notable members of the 27 Club, including Hendrix, Joplin, Morrison, Pete Ham, and Ron "Pigpen" McKernan.[11]

A 2014 article at The Conversation suggested that statistical evidence shows popular musicians are most likely to die at the age of 56 (2.2% compared to 1.3% at 27).[5]

In popular culture[edit]

Music[edit]

Video games[edit]

  • In the 2016 video game Hitman, one of the in-game missions, Club 27, involves killing an indie musician who is celebrating his 27th birthday.[43]

Comics[edit]

Identified members[edit]

Because the 27 Club is entirely notional, there is no official membership. The following table lists people described as "members" of the club in reliable published sources, in the opinion of their respective authors.

Name Date of birth Date of death Cause of death Fame Age Sources
Joseph Merrick August 5, 1862 April 11, 1890 Accidental death caused by his condition, which caused him to suffocate and a dislocated neck, which likely severed his vertebral arteries[45] Man who suffered from Proteus syndrome who gained fame by joining the circus and appearing in freak shows. 27 years, 249 days [46]
Alexandre Levy November 10, 1864 January 17, 1892 Not recorded Composer, pianist and conductor 27 years, 68 days [47]
Louis Chauvin March 13, 1881 March 26, 1908 Neurosyphilitic sclerosis Ragtime musician 27 years, 13 days [47]
Rupert Brooke August 3, 1887 April 23, 1915 Sepsis Poet 27 years, 263 days [48]
Robert Johnson May 8, 1911 August 16, 1938 Unknown Blues singer and musician 27 years, 100 days [47][49]
Ghazi of Iraq March 21, 1912 April 4, 1939 Traffic accident, probable murder. King of Iraq 1933-1939 27 years, 14 days [46]
Nat Jaffe January 1, 1918 August 5, 1945 Complications from high blood pressure Swing jazz pianist 27 years, 216 days [47]
Jesse Belvin December 15, 1932 February 6, 1960 Car crash, suspected foul play R&B singer, pianist and songwriter 27 years, 53 days [47][50]
Rudy Lewis August 23, 1936 May 20, 1964 Drug overdose Vocalist of the Drifters 27 years, 271 days [51]
Joe Henderson April 24, 1937 October 24, 1964 Heart attack R&B and gospel singer 27 years, 183 days [52]
Malcolm Hale May 17, 1941 October 30, 1968 Carbon monoxide poisoning Original member and lead guitarist of Spanky and Our Gang 27 years, 166 days [47]
Dickie Pride October 21, 1941 March 26, 1969 Drug overdose Rock and roll singer 27 years, 156 days [53]
Brian Jones February 28, 1942 July 3, 1969 Drowning Rolling Stones founder, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist 27 years, 125 days [47][54][55][56]
Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson July 4, 1943 September 3, 1970 Drug overdose Leader, singer and primary composer of Canned Heat 27 years, 61 days [47]
Jimi Hendrix November 27, 1942 September 18, 1970 Asphyxia due to drug use Pioneering electric guitarist, singer and songwriter of the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Band of Gypsys 27 years, 295 days [47][57]
Janis Joplin January 19, 1943 October 4, 1970 Drug overdose Lead vocalist and songwriter of Big Brother and the Holding Company, the Kozmic Blues Band and Full Tilt Boogie Band 27 years, 258 days [47][58][59]
Arlester "Dyke" Christian June 13, 1943 March 13, 1971 Murder Frontman, vocalist and bassist of Dyke and the Blazers 27 years, 273 days [47]
Jim Morrison December 8, 1943 July 3, 1971 Heart failure Singer, lyricist, and leader of the Doors 27 years, 207 days [47][60]
Leslie Harvey September 14, 1944 May 3, 1972 Electrocution Guitarist in several Scottish bands, most notably Stone the Crows. 27 years, 232 days [47][61]
Ron "Pigpen" McKernan September 8, 1945 March 8, 1973 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Founding member, keyboardist and singer of the Grateful Dead 27 years, 181 days [47]
Roger Lee Durham February 14, 1946 July 27, 1973 Horseriding accident Singer and percussionist of Bloodstone 27 years, 163 days [47]
Pamela Courson December 22, 1946 April 25, 1974 Drug overdose Long-term companion of Jim Morrison and heir to his estate 27 years, 124 days [14][62][63]
Wallace "Wally" Yohn January 12, 1947 August 12, 1974 Plane crash Organ player of Chase 27 years, 212 days [47]
Dave Alexander June 3, 1947 February 10, 1975 Pulmonary edema Bassist of the Stooges 27 years, 252 days [47]
Pete Ham April 27, 1947 April 24, 1975 Suicide Keyboardist and guitarist, leader of Badfinger 27 years, 362 days [47]
Gary Thain May 15, 1948 December 8, 1975 Drug overdose Former bassist of Uriah Heep and the Keef Hartley Band 27 years, 205 days [47]
Cecilia October 11, 1948 August 2, 1976 Car accident Singer 27 years, 296 days [64][65]
Helmut Köllen March 2, 1950 May 3, 1977 Carbon monoxide poisoning Bassist of 1970s prog rock band Triumvirat 27 years, 62 days [47]
Chris Bell January 12, 1951 December 27, 1978 Car accident Singer-songwriter and guitarist of power pop band Big Star and solo 27 years, 349 days [47]
Zenon De Fleur September 9, 1951 March 17, 1979 Car accident Guitarist of the Count Bishops 27 years, 189 days [52][66]
D. Boon April 1, 1958 December 22, 1985 Car accident Guitarist, lead singer of punk band Minutemen 27 years, 266 days [47]
Alexander Bashlachev May 27, 1960 February 17, 1988 Defenestration, possible suicide Poet, rock musician and songwriter 27 years, 266 days [64]
Amar Singh Chamkila July 21, 1960 March 8, 1988 Murder Singer, songwriter, musician, and composer 27 years, 231 days [67]
Jean-Michel Basquiat December 22, 1960 August 12, 1988 Drug overdose Painter and graffiti artist; formed the band Gray 27 years, 234 days [51]
Pete de Freitas August 2, 1961 June 14, 1989 Motorcycle accident Drummer of Echo & the Bunnymen 27 years, 316 days [47]
Finbarr Donnelly April 25, 1962 June 18, 1989 Drowning Singer of Five Go Down to the Sea? 27 years, 50 days [68]
Chris Austin February 24, 1964 March 16, 1991 Plane crash Country singer and guitarist/fiddle player for Reba McEntire 27 years, 20 days [69]
Dimitar Voev May 21, 1965 September 5, 1992 Cancer Poet, founder of the Bulgarian new wave band New Generation 27 years, 107 days [70]
Mia Zapata August 25, 1965 July 7, 1993 Murder Lead singer of the Gits 27 years, 316 days [47]
Kurt Cobain February 20, 1967 April 5, 1994 c. Suicide Founding member, lead singer, guitarist and songwriter of Nirvana 27 years, 44 days c. [47][58][71]
Kristen Pfaff May 26, 1967 June 16, 1994 Drug overdose Bass guitarist of Hole and Janitor Joe 27 years, 21 days [47]
Richey Edwards December 22, 1967 February 1, 1995 Disappeared; later declared legally dead Lyricist and guitarist of Manic Street Preachers 27 years, 41 days [47]
Stretch April 8, 1968 November 30, 1995 Murder Rapper 27 years, 236 days [72]
Fat Pat December 4, 1970 February 3, 1998 Murder American rapper and member of Screwed Up Click 27 years, 61 days [47]
Freaky Tah May 14, 1971 March 28, 1999 Murder American rapper and member of the hip hop group Lost Boyz 27 years, 318 days [47]
Kami February 1, 1972 June 21, 1999 Subarachnoid hemorrhage Drummer of Malice Mizer 27 years, 140 days [73]
Rodrigo Bueno May 24, 1973 June 24, 2000 Car accident Cuarteto singer 27 years, 31 days [64]
Sean Patrick McCabe November 13, 1972 August 28, 2000 Asphyxia Lead singer of Ink & Dagger 27 years, 289 days [47]
María Serrano Serrano November 26, 1973 November 24, 2001 Plane crash Singer of Passion Fruit 27 years, 363 days [47]
Rico Yan March 14, 1975 March 29, 2002 Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis Filipino actor 27 years, 15 days [47]
Jeremy Ward May 5, 1976 May 25, 2003 Drug overdose The Mars Volta and De Facto sound manipulator 27 years, 20 days [47]
Jonathan Brandis April 13, 1976 November 12, 2003 Suicide American actor 27 years, 213 days [14]
David Barnes-Shelly January 3, 1977 January 31, 2004 Car accident Actor 27 years, 213 days
Andrea Absolonová December 26, 1976 December 9, 2004 Glioblastoma Porn actress 27 years, 349 days [46]
Bryan Ottoson March 18, 1978 April 19, 2005 Drug overdose Guitarist of American Head Charge 27 years, 32 days [47]
Valentín Elizalde February 1, 1979 November 25, 2006 Murder Mexican banda singer 27 years, 297 days [47]
Damien "Damo" Morris May 22, 1980 December 19, 2007 Bus accident Member of Australian deathcore band the Red Shore 27 years, 211 days [74]
Orish Grinstead June 2, 1980 April 20, 2008 Kidney failure Founding member of the R&B group 702 27 years, 323 days [75]
Jade Goody June 5, 1981 March 22, 2009 Cancer of the cervix Reality-television personality 27 years, 290 days [21][76]
Dash Snow July 27, 1981 July 13, 2009 Drug overdose Artist 27 years, 351 days [77][78]
Amy Winehouse September 14, 1983 July 23, 2011 Alcohol poisoning Singer-songwriter 27 years, 312 days [54][58][79][80]
Richard Turner July 30, 1984 August 11, 2011 Heart attack Trumpet player, collaborator with Friendly Fires 27 years, 12 days [81]
Christian Benítez May 1, 1986 July 29, 2013 Respiratory failure Footballer 27 years, 89 days [82]
Thomas Fekete July 1, 1988 May 31, 2016 Cancer Guitarist of Surfer Blood 27 years, 335 days [83]
Anton Yelchin March 11, 1989 June 19, 2016 Car accident Actor, Chekov in the Star Trek reboot series 27 years, 100 days [21][84]
Shot December 1, 1989 September 21, 2017 Diabetes Russian rapper 27 years, 294 days [85]
Kim Jong-hyun April 8, 1990 December 18, 2017 Suicide Vocalist and lyricist of Shinee 27 years, 254 days [86][87]
Fredo Santana July 4, 1990 January 19, 2018 Idiopathic epilepsy American rapper 27 years, 199 days [88][89]
Tyler Skaggs July 13, 1991 July 1, 2019 Asphyxia due to drug use American professional baseball starting pitcher 27 years, 353 days [79]
Benjamin Keough October 21, 1992 July 12, 2020 Suicide Elvis Presley's grandson, son of Lisa Marie Presley and brother of Riley Keough 27 years, 265 days [79]
Murda Killa [ru] March 9, 1993 July 13, 2020 Asthma attack provoked by the use of alcohol and antidepressants Russian rapper 27 years, 127 days [90]
Yoo Ju-eun [ko] May 3, 1995 August 29, 2022 Suicide Korean actress 27 years, 118 days [91]
Walkie May 24, 1995 September 30, 2022 Suicide Russian battle rapper 27 years, 129 days [92]
Yung Trappa [ru] August 14, 1995 February 2, 2023 Overdose Russian rapper 27 years, 172 days [93]
Julián Figueroa [es] May 27, 1995 April 2, 2023 Myocardial infarction and Ventricular fibrillation Singer, actor, and composer 27 years, 310 days [94][95]

See also[edit]


Other articles of the topics Biography AND Music : Bankrol Hayden, Trippie Redd, BigWalkDog, Icewear Vezzo

Other articles of the topic Biography : List of pneumonia deaths, BigWalkDog, Trippie Redd, PewPew, Tony Tinderholt, MrWolfy, List of Mensans

Other articles of the topic Music : Nasheed, BigWalkDog, Canadian hip hop, Amazon Music, List of operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ska, YouTube Music
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Bibliography[edit]

  • Howell, Michael; Ford, Peter (1992) [1980], The True History of the Elephant Man (3rd ed.), London: Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-016515-0

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Peterson, Sydney (March 8, 2017), 12 Must-See Works Of Israeli Street Art, Forward Magazine, retrieved October 1, 2017
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 McKinney, Kelsey. "Despite the huge myth, musicians don't die at 27 — they die at 56". Vox. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Butler, Jack (July 7, 2021). "The Myth of the 27 Club". National Review. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  4. ↑ Mick, McStarkey (October 4, 2021). "Debunking the central myths of the '27 Club'". Far Out Magazine. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kenny, Dianna Theodora (November 18, 2014). "The 27 Club is a myth: 56 is the bum note for musicians", The Conversation. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Segalstad, Eric (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. ISBN 978-0615189642. Search this book on
  7. ↑ Weiss, David. "Amy Winehouse & The 27 Club". Life Goes Strong. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Sounes (2013).
  9. ↑ Owen, Michael (February 2012). The 27 Club: Why Age 27 Is Important. ISBN 978-0473206840. Search this book on
  10. ↑ The Curse of 27: They Have Three Things in Common. Talent, Fame... and a Tragic Death at the Age of 27. the 27 Club. Forever 27. August 2011. ISBN 978-1907823220. Search this book on
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Wolkewitz M, Allignol A, Graves N, Barnett A (December 20, 2011). "Christmas 2011: Death's Dominion Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? A retrospective cohort study". The BMJ. 343: d7799. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7799. PMC 3243755. PMID 22187325.
  12. ↑ Roberts, Nesta (September 10, 1971). "Flower Bower". The Guardian. UK. p. 13.
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  15. ↑ Charles R. Cross (2002). Heavier Than Heaven: A Biography of Kurt Cobain (2nd ed.). Hyperion. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-7868-8402-5. Search this book on
  16. ↑ R. Gary Patterson. Take a Walk on the Dark Side: Rock and Roll Myths, Legends, and Curses. p. 259. Search this book on
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  19. ↑ "Amy Winehouse, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain and the 27 Club" (July 23, 2011). The Washington Post. July 24, 2015.
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  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 "The curse of the '27 Club' strikes again after Star Trek actor Anton Yelchin dies", BBC, February 19, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
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  40. ↑ Mamo, Heran (December 19, 2019). "Here Are the Lyrics to Juice WRLD's 'Legends'". Billboard. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  41. ↑ Ruskell, Nick. "Life After Death: How Taylor Momsen survived her downward spiral". Kerrang. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  42. ↑ ""If life is darker and harsher, you can still have fun" -- Blind Channel's "Dark Side" lyrics shirk a grim reality in favour of anarchy". wiwibloggs. February 18, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
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  44. ↑ "SNEAK PEEK: THE 27 CLUB". www.madmagazine.com. April 27, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  45. ↑ Howell & Ford (1992), p. 151
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Parra, Eduardo (1 March 2023). "Muertos a los 27: Las 30 celebridades integrantes del fatídico Club de los 27" [Dead at 27: The 30 Celebrities Members of the Fateful 27 Club]. Cinconoticias (in español). Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  47. ↑ 47.00 47.01 47.02 47.03 47.04 47.05 47.06 47.07 47.08 47.09 47.10 47.11 47.12 47.13 47.14 47.15 47.16 47.17 47.18 47.19 47.20 47.21 47.22 47.23 47.24 47.25 47.26 47.27 47.28 47.29 47.30 47.31 47.32 47.33 47.34 "The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll". The27s.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  48. ↑ Bell, Virginia (November 17, 2011). "Dear Lindsay, Please Don't Join the 27 Club". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  49. ↑ Sullivan, James (May 27, 2011). "Robert Johnson Founds the '27 Club' With Devil Pact – Twisted Tales". Spinner. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  50. ↑ Segalstad, Eric; Hunter, Josh (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. United Kingdom: Samadhi Creations. p. 308. ISBN 9780615189642. Search this book on
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Thom Geier (February 20, 2020). "27 Club: Stars Who Died at Age 27, From Jimi Hendrix to Kurt Cobain". TheWrap. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
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  53. ↑ "British Musician Dickie Pride, a.k.a. Richard Charles Kneller, Dead at 27" Archived August 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Forever 27. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
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  55. ↑ Anthony Bruno (July 10, 1969). "All about Brian Jones". Crime Library. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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  57. ↑ Brown, Tony (1997). "The Doctor's Story", Jimi Hendrix: The Final Days. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
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  66. ↑ Simmonds, Jeremy (2012). The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars: Heroin, Handguns, and Ham Sandwiches, second edition, Chicago Review Press, pp. 121–122.
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  74. ↑ Rockers Who Died At age 27
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  77. ↑ Marche, Stephen (July 18, 2009). "Messy life, clichéd death for prince of hipsters". Toronto Star. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  78. ↑ Carlson, Jen (July 15, 2009). "Dash Snow Remembered By New York". Gothamist. Archived from the original on December 9, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 Chelsea Duff (July 16, 2021). "The 27 Club Is Tragic—See All the Stars Who Died at the Young Age". In Touch Weekly. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  80. ↑ Davies, Caroline (October 26, 2011). "Amy Winehouse inquest records verdict of misadventure". The Guardian. London. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
  81. ↑ Smith, K. Alexander. "Richard Turner of Friendly Fires: 1984–2011 (Archived)". Archived from the original on August 21, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  82. ↑ "Benítez: La 'maldición' de los 27 ataca los atletas" [Benítez: The 'curse' of 27 attacks athletes]. Diario Libre (in español). 31 July 2013. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  83. ↑ Hartmann, Graham. "27 Rockers Who Died At The Age of 27". Loudwire.com. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  84. ↑ Mather, Kate (June 19, 2016). "Anton Yelchin, actor in 'Star Trek' films, dies in freak car accident at age 27". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  85. ↑ "Klub 27, spisok izvestnykh muzykantov, prichiny smerti, videoposvyashcheniye" Клуб 27, список известных музыкантов, причины смерти, видеопосвящение [Club 27, list of famous musicians, causes of death, video dedication]. FTimes.ru (in русский). May 2, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  86. ↑ "K-pop star Kim Jong Hyun joins the ill-fated '27 Club'". The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. December 19, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  87. ↑ Frater, Patrick (December 18, 2017). "Jonghyun of Korean Pop Group Shinee Dies at 27". Variety. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  88. ↑ Duff, Seamus (January 20, 2018). "As Rapper Fredo Santana 'Dies Aged 27', Other Stars Who Make Up Tragic Club 27 – Including Amy Winehouse, Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain". Daily Mirror. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  89. ↑ "The cause of Chicago rapper Fredo Santana's death has been determined". The FADER.
  90. ↑ "Stala izvestna prichina smerti rossiyskogo repera Murda Killa" Стала известна причина смерти российского рэпера Murda Killa [The cause of death of the Russian rapper Murda Killa became known]. Газета.Ru (in русский). Archived from the original on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2021-10-06. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  91. ↑ "Diduga Tewas Bunuh Diri, Yoo Joo Eun Menambah Deretan Club 27" [Allegedly Dead by Suicide, Yoo Joo Eun Adds to List of Club 27]. kumparan.com (in Indonesian). August 29, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
  92. ↑ "Sotsseti soobshchili o gibeli repera Walkie v Krasnodare" Соцсети сообщили о гибели рэпера Walkie в Краснодаре [Social networks reported the death of rapper Walkie in Krasnodar]. Bloknot-krasnodar.ru (in русский). Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  93. ↑ "Treki na grani i lyubov' po prinuzhdeniyu: chem zapomnitsya umershiy v Peterburge reper Yung Trappa" Треки на грани и любовь по принуждению: чем запомнится умерший в Петербурге рэпер Yung Trappa [Tracks on the verge and love under compulsion: how will the rapper Yung Trappa, who died in St. Petersburg, be remembered]. Nevnov.ru (in русский). Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  94. ↑ "Julián Figueroa se suma al 'Club de los 27'; ellos son los artistas que murieron a esta edad" [Julián Figueroa joins the 'Club of 27'; they are the artists who died at this age]. Milenio (in español). 10 April 2023. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  95. ↑ "El Club de los 27: ¿Por qué se relaciona con Julián Figueroa?" [The Club of 27: Why is it related to Julián Figueroa?]. Fox Sports (in español). 10 April 2023. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

General sources[edit]


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