Da'iro Hafash massacre

Da'iro Hafash massacre
	Part of Tigray War
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Target	Tigrayans
Attack type	Mass killing; Ethnic cleansing;
Deaths	24 civilians
Perpetrators	Eritrean Defence Forces

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Coordinates: 13°56′29″N 38°45′55″E / 13.94144°N 38.76518°E / 13.94144; 38.76518

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The Da'iro Hafash massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing that took place in Da'iro Hafash (Tigrinya: ዳእሮ ሃፋሽ) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 12 December 2020.^[1] Da'iro Hafash is a small town that belongs to tabiya May Timket, woreda Na’ider, Central zone of Tigray.

Massacre

The Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) killed 24 civilians in Da'iro Hafash (Central Tigray) on 12 December 2020.^[1]; the killing spree also attained neighbouring villages Addi Hawesta, Inda Giorgis, Addi Hawesta, Alekma, Addi Bura, Hileta, May Hagay and Addi Awli’e.^[2]

In line with historical studies of massacres, including those massacres which were committed during the Armenian genocide,^[3]^[4] a massacre can be defined as a conflict incident in which at least five unarmed civilians were killed on the same day at the same location. Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters; and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole such as in case of mass killings in churches.^[5]

Perpetrators

'Relatives and witnesses reported the perpetrators of this massacre as being Eritrean soldiers.^[2]

Victims

The Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation mentions 24 victims of this massacre,^[1] all of whom have been identified:^[2]

In Da'iro Hafash

Gebremedhin Weldehaweria
Gebremeskel Gidey
Birhane Gidey
Tekle Gebreegziabher
Kibrom Gebreegziabher
Mulu Hagos

In Inda Giorgis

Weldu Misgu
Legesse Gebreegziabher
Priest Hagos Tesfay
Kahsay Meles (Deacon)

In Addi Hawesta

Alembirhan Gidey
Weldehaweria Tetemke
Gebremedhin Mekonen

In Alekma

Tsadkan Yahala
Gebreyohannes Gebreezgi
Tekie Gebreegziabher

In Hileta

Mebrahtu Birhane
Nigisti Tadele
Bethelhem Tesfay

In May Hagay

Gebru Gebreselassie
Kalayou Arefayne
Gebrehiwet Gidey
Tesfay Berhe

In Addi Awli’e

Gebremedhin (Wedi Mechnik)

Reactions

The Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation,^[1] that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly regarding its Annex A, that lists massacres in the Tigray War.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, a joint investigation by OHCHR and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was announced in March 2021.^[9]

While the Ethiopian government promised that Eritrean troops will be pulled out from Tigray, the Eritrean government denies any participation in warfare in Tigray, let alone in massacres.^[10]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Ghekiere, R., Haegeman, K., Temmerman, D., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources Archived 2021-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
↑ Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region Archived 2021-04-10 at the Wayback Machine
↑ CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre Archived 2021-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
↑ The Guardian, 2 April 2021: identified Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified identified Archived 2021-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
↑ France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe Archived 2021-04-22 at the Wayback Machine
↑ DW, 19 March 2021: Fact check: Are other nations involved in the war in Tigray? Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Twitter: author @tvbempt; hashtags #NeverForget #SayTheirNames #DaeroHafash
World Peace Foundation: Starving Tigray
Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
TGHAT: A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources

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[atlas-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Ghekiere, R., Haegeman, K., Temmerman, D., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine

[tghat-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources Archived 2021-07-11 at the Wayback Machine

[3] Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on

[4] Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.

[world-5] 5.0 ^5.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray^{[permanent dead link]}

[6] EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region Archived 2021-04-10 at the Wayback Machine

[7] CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre Archived 2021-07-16 at the Wayback Machine

[8] The Guardian, 2 April 2021: identified Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified identified Archived 2021-08-14 at the Wayback Machine

[9] France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe Archived 2021-04-22 at the Wayback Machine

[10] DW, 19 March 2021: Fact check: Are other nations involved in the war in Tigray? Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine

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