List of contemporary ethnic groups

The following is an incomplete but large list of contemporary ethnic groups. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups and due to limited knowledge, political, social, legal, and economic reason the exact number is unknown, but is extremely large and hotly debated. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing (clothing) style and other factors.

By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, which may themselves be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.

Ethnic groups

The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar.^[1]^[2]


Ethnicity	Language(s)	Primary homeland	Subgroups, tribes & castes	Religion(s)
Abagusii	Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Gusii	Kenya (Kisii County, Nyamira County, Kericho County, Bomet County)	Abagetutu, Abanyaribari, Abagirango, Abanchari, Abamachoge, Ababasi	Christianity, Traditional African religion
Abenaki	Algic → Algonquian → Western Abenaki, historically Algic → Algonquian → Eastern Abenaki	Canada (Quebec), United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont)	Western Abenaki (Androscoggin, Cowasuck, Missiquoi, Pennacook, Nashua, Ossipee, Piscataqua, Souhegan, Winnipesaukee, Wabanaki Nation (Odanak, Wôlinak), Amoskeay, Sokoki, Cocheco, Pemigewasset), Eastern Abenaki (Androscoggin, Kennebec, Penobscot, Pequawket, Wolastoqiyik, Passamaquoddy, Apikwahki, Amaseconti, Kwupahag, Rocameca, Wawinak)	Abenaki religion
Achi'	Mayan → Quichean → Achi	Guatemala (Baja Verapaz)	Rabinal, Cubulco	Christianity, Mayan religion
Acholi	Nilotic → Luo → Acholi	South Sudan, Uganda (Acholiland)	Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Lamwo, Nwoya, Pader, Omoro	Christianity, Islam
Adjoukrou	Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adjukru	Ivory Coast (Dabou)	Akradio, Agneby, Armébé, Gbougbo, Vieil-Aklodj, Débrimou, Lopou, Tiaha, Kpass, Orbaff, Bonn, Kaka, Kpanda, Mopoyem, Cosrou, Dabouly, Abraniamienbro, Bodou, Bouboury, Agbaille, Yassap, Vieux-Badien, Youhouli, N'gatty, Toupah	Christianity
Afar	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Afar	Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia (Afaria)	Asaimara, Adoimara	Islam, Early Cushitic
Afemai	Atlantic–Congo → Edoid → Afenmai	Nigeria (Edo State)	Agenebode, Weppa, Oshiolo, Emokwemhe Iviagbapue, Auchi, Ihievbe, Afuze, Warrake, Iviukwe, South Ibie, Agbede, Sabongida Ora, Igarra, Ekperi, Jattu, Fugar, Aviele, Okpella, Uneme Ehrunrun, Uneme Osu, Iviukhua, Ososo, Uzanu, Uzebba, Iviukhua, Weppa, Okpella, Okpekpe, Somorika	Christianity
African-Americans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English; Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole; Indo-European → English Creole → Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign → Black American Sign	Southern United States, Mexico (Coahuila)	Black Southerners, Creoles of color, Black Native Americans (including Freedmen (including Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Cherokee Freedmen, Choctaw Freedmen, Creek Freedmen)), Gullah, Samaná Americans, Affrilachians, Afro-Romani Americans, along with significant populations in France, Africa (including Ghana), Israel, and Canada	Christianity → Protestantism → Black church; Hoodoo; Islam
Afrikaners	Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans	South Africa		Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Afro-Anguillians	Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole → Anguillian Creole	Anguilla		Christianity
Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Antiguan and Barbudan English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole	Antigua and Barbuda	Barbudans	Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist;
Afro-Arubans	Indo-European → Portuguese-based creoles → Papiamento; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish	Aruba		Christianity
Afro-Bahamians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bahamian English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bahamian Creole	The Bahamas		Christianity
Afro-Barbadians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bajan English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bajan Creole	Barbados		Christianity
Afro-Bermudians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bermudian English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Jamaican Patois → Bermudian Creole	Bermuda		Christianity
Afro–Costa Ricans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Costa Rican Spanish; Indo-European → English-based creole → Limonese Creole	Costa Rica (Puerto Limon, San Jose, Alajuela, Heredia)		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Cubans	Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Spanish → Cuban Spanish; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Cuban Sign Language; Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Lucumí; Atlantic–Congo and Indo-European → Kongo and Bozal Spanish → Habla Congo	Cuba	Ganga-Longoba, Afro-Cuban Roma	Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Islam; Afro-American religions: Abakuá, Arará religion, Cuban Vodú, Palo, Santería
Afro-Curaçaoans	Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English; Indo-European → Portuguese-based creole → Papiamento; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish	Curaçao		Christianity
Afro-Dominicans (Dominica)	Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → French-based creole → Dominican Creole French	Dominica		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Dominicans (Dominican Republic)	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Dominican Spanish; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Samaná English	Dominican Republic	Samaná Americans	Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Dominican Vudú
Afro-Grenadians	Indo-European → English-based creoles → Grenadian Creole English; Indo-European → French-based creoles → Grenadian Creole French	Grenada		Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist, etc; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam
Afro-Guatemalans	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) English (adopted language) Garifuna (adopted language)	Guatemala (Livingston (Garifuna settlement), Puerto Barrios and Santo Tomas)		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Haitians	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas French (adopted language) → Haitian Creole	Haiti		Christianity → Catholicism; Islam; Haitian Voudou
Afro-Hondurans	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) English → Bay Islands English (adopted language) Garifuna (adopted language) Miskito (adopted language)	Honduras		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Jamaicans	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language)→ Jamaican English, Jamaican Patois	Jamaica		Christianity; Convince; Jamaican Maroon religion; Kumina; Rastafari; Judaism
Afro–Kittitians and Nevisians	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language)	Saint Kitts and Nevis		Christianity; Rastafari
Afro-Mexicans	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish → Mexican Spanish	Mexico (Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas, Huetamo, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Greater Mexico City, Guadalajara and Múzquiz Municipality)	Mascogos	Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Afro-American religions
Afro-Nicaraguans	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish → Nicaraguan Spanish, Miskito Coast Creole	Nicaragua		Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Panamanians	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) → Panamanian Spanish English → Bocas del Toro Creole	Panama		Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Puerto Ricans	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) → Bozal Spanish (dialect possibly extinct) Atlantic–Congo → Yoruba → Lucumí (lithurgical language) Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo → Habla Congo (lithurgical language)	United States (Puerto Rico)		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; African diaspora religions; Animism, etc
Afro–Saint Lucians	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) French (adopted language) → Saint Lucian Creole	Saint Lucia		Christianity; Kélé
Afro-Salvadorans	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language)	El Salvador (Sonsonate, Ahuachapán, San Miguel, and La Unión)		Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; African diaspora religions; Rastafari
Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) → Trinidadian Creole, Tobagonian Creole French (adopted language) → Antillean Creole Spanish (adopted language)	Trinidad and Tobago		Christianity → Catholicism and Protestantism; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam; etc
Afro-Vincentians	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) → Vincentian Creole,	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines		Christianity
Afro–Virgin Islanders	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) → Virgin Islands Creole Dutch (adopted language) French (adopted language) Historically Dutch → Zeelandic-based creole → Negerhollands	Virgin Islands (United Kingdom, United States), SSS islands (Netherlands, France)		Christianity
Agaw	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Agaw^{[note 1]}	Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea)^{[note 2]}	Bilen, Ximre, Awi, Qemant	Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Ahtna	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Ahtna	United States (Alaska)	Taral Band, Klutina Band, Gakona Band, Mendeltna Band, Denali Band, Chistochina Band, Batzulnetas Band, Mentasta Band^[3]	Christianity, Native American religion
Aja	Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adja	Benin, Togo		West African Vodun
Aka	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Aka	Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo		Traditional Aka religion^[4]
Akans	Niger–Congo → Kwa → Central Tano,^{[note 1]}^{[note 3]} Avikam–Alladian,^{[note 1]} Potou,^{[note 1]} Abé, Abidji, Attie, Ega;^[5] Francosign → American Sign → Ghanaian Sign; Adamorobe Sign; Nanabin Sign	Ghana (Gold Coast)^{[note 4]}	Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Ashanti, Assin, Attie, Avikam, Baoulé, Bonos, Chakosi, Egas, Evalue, Fante, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi (including House of Israel), Tchaman, Wasa	Christianity
Akie	Nilotic → Kalenjin → Akie Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai (adopted language)^[6]	Tanzania (Manyara Region)		Traditional Akie religion^[7]
Alabamas	Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Alabama^{[note 5]}	United States (Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation)^{[note 6]}		Christianity → Protestantism; Ethnic religion
Alexandrian Greek Christians	Historically Indo-European → Hellenic; Afroasiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic	Egypt		Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism
Alur	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Alur	Uganda (West Nile sub-region), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri Province)		Christianity
Alutiiq	Eskaleut → Eskimo → Alutiiq	United States (Alaska)	Chugach	Christianity
Ambundu	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kimbundu	Angola		Christianity, Traditional African religions
Amdang	Furan → Amdang	Sudan (West Darfur), Chad (Wadi Fira)		Islam
Americo-Liberians	Various languages of different African ethnic groups (originally, descendants of African-American slaves who were freed and returned to Africa) English (adopted language) English → Merico English → Liberian Kreyol	Liberia		Christianity → Protestantism
Amhara	Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Amharic	Ethiopia (Amharia)		Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Amish	Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch	United States	Old Order Amish (including Swiss Amish, Nebraska Amish, Swartzentruber Amish, Buchanan Amish, Andy Weaver Amish, Troyer Amish, Byler Amish, Renno Amish, Holmes Old Order Amish, Elkhart-LaGrange Amish, Lancaster Amish, Tobe Amish, and Michigan Amish), New Order Amish, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), Para-Amish groups (including Lobelville Believers in Christ, Le Roy Plain Community, Manton Plain Community, Ghent Plain Community, Christian Communities, Vernon Community, Caneyville Christian Community)	Christianity → Anabaptism
Anglo-Americans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → United States English; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign	United States	New England Americans, Middle Atlantic Americans, Midwestern Americans, Appalachians, Southern Americans, Florida Conchs, High Tiders, Western Americans, Okies, West Coast Americans, Anglo-Alaskans	Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Evangelicalism
Anglo-Canadians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English, Francosign → ASLic → American Sign	Canada	Ontarians, Anglo-Quebecers, Nova Scotians, New Brunswickers, Manitobans, British Columbians, Prince Edward Islanders, Saskatchewanians, Albertans, Newfoundlanders, Labradorians, Northwest Territorians, Yukoners, Anglo-Nunavummiut	Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism; Catholicism
Anglo-South Africans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → South African English	South Africa	Significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States	Christianity
Anuak	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Anuak	Ethiopia (Anuakia), South Sudan (Boma)		Christianity
Apache	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Apachean^{[note 1]}^{[note 7]}	United States (Apacheria)	Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains Apache, Western Apache	Native American religions → Native American Church
Arabs	Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic;^{[note 1]} Arab Sign;^{[note 1]} Sudanese sign languages;^{[note 1]} historically Afroasiatic → Arabic → Andalusi Arabic	North Africa, Sahel	Bedouins (including Beni Ades), Egyptian Arabs (including Upper Egyptian Arabs^[8]), Maghrebi Arabs, Dawada, Sudanese Arabs, Arab Christians^[9] (including Alexandrians), Rashaida, Baggara Arabs (including Shuweihat), Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Arab-Berbers	Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism → Sulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism
Arapaho	Algic → Algonquian → Arapahoan → Arapaho	United States (Colorado, Wyoming)		Christianity, Native American Church
Argobba	Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Argobba^{[note 8]}	Ethiopia (Afar, Harari, Amhara, and Oromia Regions)^{[note 2]}		Islam → Sunni Islam
Assiniboine	Siouan → Western Siouan → Assiniboine	Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), United States (North Dakota, Montana)	Bizebina, Insaombi, Wokpanbi	Traditional Assiniboine religion
Atikamekw	Algic → Algonquian → Atikamekw	Canada (Nitaskinan)		Christianity → Catholicism, Ethnic religion
Atyap	Niger–Congo → Plateau → Atyap	Nigeria (Kaduna State)		Christianity
Babur and Bura	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bura	Nigeria (Borno State and Adamawa State)	Babur, Bura	Islam
Bagirmi	Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Bongo-Bagirmi → Bagirmi language	Chad (Chari-Baguirmi)		Islam → Folk Islam
Bajuni	Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Swahili → Bajuni	Somalia (Bajuni Islands), Kenya (Coast Province)		Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism
Bakossi	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Akoose	Cameroon (Bakossi Mountains)		Christianity → Catholicism
Balanta	Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Balanta^{[note 1]}	Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia		Traditional African religions
Balondo-ba-Konja	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Londo	Cameroon		Creationism → Balondo-ba-Konja religion
Bambara	Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Bambara	Mali		Islam
Bamileke	Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamileke^{[note 1]}	Cameroon (West and Northwest regions)	Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', Medumba	Christianity
Bamum	Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamum	Cameroon (West Region)		Islam
Banda	Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Banda^{[note 1]}	Central African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo	Central Banda, South Banda, West Banda	Christianity
Bangweulu Twa	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba	Zambia (Bangweulu Wetlands)		Traditional African Religion
Bari	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Bari	South Sudan (Central Equatoria), Uganda	Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku, other Karo tribes	Christianity, Traditional African religion, Islam → Sunni Islam (minority religion among some Kakwa bordering Uganda)
Bariba	Niger–Congo → Gur → Bariba	Borgu (Benin, Nigeria)		Islam
Bassa	Niger–Congo → Kru → Bassa	Liberia (Bassaland)		Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
Basters	Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans	Namibia (Rehoboth)		Christianity → Protestantism
Batwa	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kirundi, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga	African Great Lakes		Traditional African religion
Beja	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Beja	Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea	Bishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-Amer	Islam → Sunni Islam
Belizean Creoles	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English → Belizean Creole	Belize		Christianity → Protestantism, Rastafari
Bemba	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba	Zambia (Northern, Luapula, and Copperbelt Provinces), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga Province)		Christianity → Protestantism
Bembe	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bembe	Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania		Christianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions
Bena	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bena	Tanzania (Njombe Region)		Christianity → Catholicism
Berbers	Afroasiatic → Berber,^{[note 1]} Semitic → Arabic;^{[note 1]} Songhay → Northern Songhay → Tagdal	Maghreb	Central Atlas Berbers, Chaouis, Kabyle, Kountas, Chenouas, Ghomaras, Godala, Hawwara, Matmatas, Mozabite, Nafusis, Rifians, Shilha, Siwi, Tuaregs, Awjila, Arab-Berbers, Sanhaja Berbers, Jerba, Zayanes, Igdalen, with significant populations in Belgium, France, Canada, the Netherlands, the United States, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Burkina Faso (including Tuaregs), Niger (including Tuaregs), and Mali	Islam → Sunni Islam, Ibadism
Berom	Niger–Congo → Plateau → Berom	Niger (Plateau State)		Christianity
Berta	Nilo-Saharan → Berta	Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region), South Sudan		Islam
Beti^{[note 9]}	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ewondo, Eton	Cameroon	Ewondo, Eton	Christianity
Bilala	Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Naba	Chad (Lake Fitri)		Islam
Bissa	Niger–Congo → Mande → Bissa	Burkina Faso		Islam
Black Canadians	Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English → Canadian English (adopted language) Romance → French → Canadian French (adopted language) Various African languages → Canadian English and Canadian French (adopted language by descendants of post-1950s sub-Saharan African immigrants)	Canada (Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia)	Black Ontarians (including Black Torontonians), Black Montrealers, Black New Brunswickers, Black Nova Scotians	Christianity; Islam
Blackfoot	Algic → Algonquian → Blackfoot	Canada (Alberta), United States (Montana)	Kainai, Piegan (including Northern Piegan, Southern Piegan), Siksika	Native American Church, Christianity
Boa	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Boa	Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas-Uele)		Christianity
Boers	Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans	South Africa (Transvaal)		Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Bokota	Chibchan → Buglere	Panama (Bocas del Toro)		Native American religion
Bondei	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sueta → Bondei	Tanzania (Pangani District)		Islam, Traditional African religions
Bozo	Niger–Congo → Mande → Bozo	Mali		Islam
Bribri	Chibchan → Talamanca → Bribri, Bribri Sign	Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca)		Talamancan mythology
Bubi	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bube	Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)		Christianity → Catholicism
Budu	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Budu	Democratic Republic of the Congo (Wamba Territory)		Christianity
Buduma	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Yedina	Lake Chad (Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon)		Islam
Bwa	Niger–Congo → Gur → Bwa^{[note 1]}	Burkina Faso, Mali		Traditional African religions
Bwatiye	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bacama	Nigeria (Adamawa State)		Christianity, Neo-Pentecostalism
Cabécar	Chibchan → Cabécar	Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca)		Christianity
Caddo	Caddoan → Caddo	United States (Oklahoma)		Peyote religion, Christianity
Cafres	French Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole	Réunion		Christianity
Cahuilla	Uto-Aztecan → Cupan → Cahuilla	United States (California)	Pass Cahuilla (including Agua Caliente Cahuilla, Morongo Cahuilla), Mountain Cahuilla (including Cahuilla Band of Indians, Los Coyotes Cahuilla, Ramona Cahuilla, Santa Rosa Cahuilla), Desert Cahuilla (including Augustine Cahuilla, Cabazon Cahuillla, Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla)	Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Moravian; Ethnic religion
Canary Islanders	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Canarian Spanish, Silbo Gomero, Isleño Spanish	Spain (Canary Islands)	Isleños (including Louisiana Isleños)	Christianity → Catholicism
Cape Malays	Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English	South Africa (Western Cape)		Islam
Cayuga	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Cayuga	Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma)		Longhouse Religion
Chaga	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chaga^{[note 1]}	Tanzania	Gwenos, Rombos, Central Chaga (including Kahe), Rusa, West Chaga	Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religions
Chagossians	Indo-European → Bourbonnais Creole → Chagossian Creole	Chagos Archipelago^{[note 10]}		Christianity, Rastafari
Chaoui	Afroasiatic → Berber → Shawiya	Algeria (Aurès)		Islam → Sunnism
Chehalis	Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis	United States (Washington)	Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis	Ethnic religion
Chenouas	Afroasiatic → Berber → Shenwa	Algeria (Mount Chenoua)		Islam → Sunnism
Cherokee	Iroquoian → Southern Iroquoian → Cherokee^{[note 5]}	United States (North Carolina, Tennessee)^{[note 6]}	Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band, United Keetoowah Band, Cherokee Freedmen	Christianity, Four Mothers Society
Chewa	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chewa	Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique		Christianity, Traditional African religions
Cheyennes	Algic → Algonquian → Cheyenne; Plains Indian Sign^{[note 5]}	United States (Montana, Oklahoma)		Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Chickasaw	Muskogean → Western Muskogean → Chickasaw	United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee)^{[note 6]}		Ethnic religion, Christianity → Protestantism
Chinois	French Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole; Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese → Hakka, Cantonese	Réunion		Christianity → Catholicism, Buddhism → Mahayana Buddhism
Chipewyan	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan	Canada (Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia)		Christianity, Animism
Choctaw	Muskogean → Choctaw^{[note 5]}	United States (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana)^{[note 6]}	Choctaw Freedmen, Nation of Oklahoma, Mississippi Band, Jena Band	Christianity, Choctaw religion
Chokwe	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chokwe	Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia		Christianity
Ch'ol	Mayan → Cholan → Ch'ol	Mexico (Chiapas Highlands)		Christianity, Mayan religion
Chontal Maya	Mayan → Cholan → Chontal Maya	Mexico (Chontalpa)	Nacajuca, Tamulte, Macuspana, Centla	Christianity, Mayan religion
Ch'orti'	Mayan → Cholan → Ch'orti'	Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras
Chuj	Mayan → Q'anjobalan → Chuj	Guatemala (Huehuetenango Department), Mexico (Chiapas)		Christianity, Mayan religion
Chumash	Chumashan languages^{[note 1]}^{[note 11]}	United States (California)		Christianity, Native American religion
Clatsop	Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon; historically Chinookan → Lower Chinook → Clatsop	United States (Oregon)		Native American religion
Cocopah	Yuman → Cocopah	Mexico (Baja California, Sonora), United States (Arizona)		Native American religion
Coloureds	Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English	South Africa (Western Cape)	Cape Coloureds (South Africa)	Christianity
Comanche	Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Comanche, Indo-European → Germanic → English	United States (Comancheria)		Native American Church, Christianity
Comorians	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Comorian^{[note 1]}	Comoros, France (Mayotte)	Grande Comorians, Anjouans, Mohélians, Maorais, Significant population in Metropolitan France	Islam → Sunnism
Conch	Indo-European → Germanic → English, English creole → Bahamian Creole	Bahamas		Christianity
Copts	Afroasiatic → Egyptian → Coptic,^{[note 12]} Egyptian Sign	Egypt, Sudan, Libya	Upper Egypt (Sa'idi),^[10] Sudan and Libya along with the Coptic diaspora	Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Coptic Orthodoxy; Christianity → Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Coptic Catholicism
Coushatta	Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Koasati	United States (Coushatta Indian Reservation, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation, Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town)		Christianity
Cree	Algic → Algonquian → Cree^{[note 1]}^{[note 13]}	Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador)	James Bay Cree, Moose Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Papaschase	Christianity
Crow	Siouan → Western Siouan → Crow	United States (Montana)		Christianity, Crow religion
Dagaaba	Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagaare	Ghana, Burkina Faso		Christianity, Traditional African religions
Dagombas	Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagbani	Ghana (Kingdom of Dagbon)		Islam → Sunnism
Damara	Khoe → Khoekhoe	Namibia (Damaraland)		Christianity
Dane-zaa	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dane-zaa	Canada (British Columbia, Alberta)		Christianity, Native American religion
Deg Xit'an	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Deg Xinag	United States (Alaska)		Christianity
Dena'ina	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dena'ina	United States (Alaska)		Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Animism
Dinka	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dinka	South Sudan		Christianity, Dinka religion
Dogon	Niger–Congo → Dogon;^{[note 1]} Bangime; Tebul Sign	Mali (Bandiagara Escarpment)	Ampari Dogon (including Nyamboli), Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon (including Tommo So), Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Dogon, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, Bangande	Traditional African religions
Dominickers	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States (Holmes County, Florida)		Christianity
Dwe'e	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nzime	Cameroon		Christianity
Dyula	Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Dyula	Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali		Islam → Sunnism
Ebira	Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Ebira	Nigeria (Kogi State)		Islam
Edo	Niger–Congo → Edoid → Edo	Nigeria (Edo State)	Ika, Emai	Christianity
Efik	Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Efik	Nigeria (Cross River State)		Christianity, Efik religion
Ekoi	Niger–Congo → Bantoid → Jagham	Nigeria, Cameroon		Christianity, Ekoi religion
Esan	Niger–Congo → Edoid → Esan	Nigeria (Esanland)		Christianity
Ewe	Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ewe, Waci, Kpessi	Togo, Ghana	Agave, Agome, Anlo, Avenor, Waci	Christianity, West African Vodun
Eyak	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Eyak, Indo-European → Germanic → English	United States (Alaska)		Christianity
Fang	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Fang	Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon		Christianity
Fipa	Niger–Congo → Bantu (Zone M) → Fipa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mambwe-Lungu	Rukwa Region, Tanzania (Sumbawanga Rural District, Nkasi District)		Christianity → Catholicism
Fon	Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Fon	Benin (Dahomey)		Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun
Franco-Mauritians	Indo-European → Romance → French-based creole → Mauritian Creole	Mauritius		Christianity → Catholicism
Franco-Seychellois	Indo-European → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole	Seychelles		Christianity → Catholicism
French Canadians	Indo-European → Romance → French → Canadian French, Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Quebec Sign	Canada	Quebecois, Acadians (including Chiac), Franco-Terreneuvians, Franco-Ontariens, Franco-Manitobains, Fransaskois, Franco-Albertains, Franco-Colombiens, Franco-Yukonnais, Franco-Tenois, Franco-Nunavois, Brayons, Muskrat French, French-Canadian Americans	Christianity → Catholicism
French Louisianians	Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole, Indo-European → Romance → French → Louisiana French, Missouri French; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cajun English; historically Indo-European → French Creole → Alabama Creole	United States (Louisiana, Alabama, and Missouri)	Louisiana Creoles (including Louisiana Cajuns and Louisiana Creoles of color), Alabama Creoles (including Alabama Cajuns), and Missouri Creoles	Christianity → Catholicism, Louisiana Voodoo
Fula	Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Fula^{[note 1]}	West Africa (Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad)^{[note 14]}	Wodaabe, Maasina Fulfulde, Sierra Leonean Fula	Islam
Fur	Furan → Fur	Sudan (Darfur)		Islam → Sunni Islam
Ga-Adangbe	Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–Dangme^{[note 1]}	Greater Accra (Ghana)	Ga, Adangbe	Christianity
Gabrieleños	Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Gabrieleno^{[note 15]}	United States (California)		Native American religion, Christianity
Gade	Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gade	Nigeria (Niger State)		Gobo
Ganda	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Luganda	Uganda (Buganda)		Christianity
Garifunas	Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna^{[note 16]}	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines^{[note 17]}	Significant populations in the United States	Christianity → Catholicism
Gbagyi	Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gwari	Nigeria		Traditional African religions
Gbaya	Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Gbaya^{[note 1]}	Central African Republic, Cameroon	Bokoto, Kara, Buli (including Toongo), Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, Bangandu	Islam
Gedeo	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Gedeo	Ethiopia (Gedeo)		Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay
Ghomaras	Afroasiatic → Berber → Ghomara	Morocco (Western Rif)		Islam → Sunni Islam
Gitxsan	Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Gitxsan	Canada (Skeena Country)		Native American religion
Gnawas	Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic	Morocco		Islam and Animism → Sufism and Animism → Gnawa religion
Gogo	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Gogo	Tanzania (Dodoma Region)		Christianity, African Traditional Religion
Gola	Niger–Congo → Gola	Liberia, Sierra Leone		Islam
Gosha	Niger-Congo → Bantu → Zigula → Mushunguli	Somalia		Islam
Greeks	Indo-European → Hellenic;^{[note 1]} Afroasiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic; Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Greek Sign	Egypt	Egyptian Greeks (including Alexandrian Greeks), along with significant populations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Sudan, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe	Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism, historically Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries
Gros Ventre	Algic → Algonquian → Gros Ventre	United States (Montana)		Sun Dance
Guan	Niger–Congo → Kwa → Guang^{[note 1]}	Ghana (Brong-Ahafo and Volta Regions)	Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-Boso	Christianity
Gumuz	Bʼaga languages^{[note 1]}	Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region)		Traditional African religion
Guna	Chibchan → Guna	Panama (Guna Yala)		Native American religion
Gurage	Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Gurage;^{[note 1]} historically Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Mesmes	Ethiopia (Guragia)	Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Sebat Bet (including Chaha)	Christianity
Gurma	Niger–Congo → Gur → Gourmanche	Gurmaland (Burkina Faso, Ghana)	Ntcham, Bimoba	Islam
Gurunsi	Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi^{[note 1]}	Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo	Lukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyele, Nuna, Kalamse, Pana, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, Vagla	Traditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam
Gwich'in	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Gwich'in	Canada (Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories), United States (Alaska)		Native American religion
Ha	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ha	Tanzania (Kigoma Region)		Animism
Hadiya	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Hadiyya	Ethiopia (Hadiya)		Islam
Hadza	Hadza language	Tanzania (Karatu District)		Hadza mythology
Haida	Haida languages,^{[note 1]} historically Haida Jargon	Canada (Haida Gwaii), United States (Prince of Wales Island)	Kaigani Haida	Haida Traditional Faith
Haisla	Wakashan → Haisla	Canada (British Columbia)		Native American religion
Hän	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Han	Canada (Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska)		Native American religion
Hangaza	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hangaza	Tanzania (Kagera Region)		Christianity
Harari	Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Harari	Ethiopia (Hararia)		Islam → Sunni Islam
Haratins	Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic,^{[note 1]} Afroasiatic → Berber^{[note 1]}	Mauritania		Islam → Sunni Islam
Hausa	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Hausa	Hausaland (Niger, Nigeria, Ghana)		Islam → Sunni Islam
Haya	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Haya	Tanzania (Kagera Region)		Christianity, Ruhanga
Hehe	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hehe	Tanzania (Iringa Region)		Christianity
Heiltsuk	Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Heiltsuk	Canada (Central Coast Regional District)		Native American religion
Herero	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Herero	Namibia (Hereroland), Angola	OvaHimba, Ovambanderu	Christianity
Hispanic Americans	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish	North America (Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, United States (Puerto Rico, Texas, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana), Belize)	Mexicans (including Northeastern Mexicans, Northwestern Mexicans, Baja Californians, Western Mexicans, Abajeno, Central Mexicans, Southern Mexican, Coastal Mexican, Chiapaneco, Yucateco, Basque-Mexican, Mexican-American), Guatemalans (Guatemalan-American), Cubans (including Cuban Americans), Dominicans (Dominican-American), Honduran (Honduran-American), Nicaraguan (Nicaraguan-American), Salvadoran (Caliche, Salvadoran-American), Costa Rican (Costa Rican-American), Panamanians (including Panamanian Americans), Isleños, Hispanic-Belizean, Puerto Ricans, Hispanic Americans in the United States (including Chicanos, Nuyoricans), colonial-era Hispanos in the US and their modern descendants (Tejanos, Californios, Nuevomexicanos, Floridanos, Louisiana Isleños, Louisiana Spanish-Creoles), Spanish Americans (Asturian Americans, Basque Americans, Catalan Americans, Canarian Americans, Galician Americans), along with significant populations in the United States, Spain, France, Canada, Italy, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, Australia and Sweden	Christianity → Catholicism
Ho-Chunk	Siouan → Western Siouan → Ho-Chunk	United States (Wisconsin, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota)	Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin, Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska	Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Holikachuk	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Holikachuk	United States (Alaska)		Christianity, Animism
Hopi	Uto-Aztecan → Hopi	United States (Hopi Reservation)		Christianity, Native American Church
Hutterites	Indo-European → Germanic → Hutterite German	Great Plains (United States, Canada)	Schmiedeleut, Lehrerleut, Dariusleut	Christianity → Anabaptism
Hutu	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi^{[note 18]}	Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu)		Christianity
Ibibio	Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Anaang, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Eket,	Nigeria (Akwa Ibom State)	Eket, Anaang, Oron	Christianity
Idoma	Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Idoma	Nigeria (Benue State)	Agatu, Alago, Yala	Christianity
Igbo	Niger–Congo → Igbo	Nigeria (Igboland)	Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, Waawa	Christianity, Odinala
Igede	Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Igede	Nigeria (Benue State)		Christianity
Ijaw	Niger–Congo → Ijaw^{[note 1]}	Nigeria (Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States)	Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, Obolo	Christianity
Imraguen	Afroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic → Imraguen	Mauritania, Western Sahara		Islam → Sunni Islam
Indo-Caribbeans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → English Creole; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Caribbean Spanish; Indo-European → Romance → French → French Creole; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinamese Dutch; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Caribbean Hindustani; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil	Caribbean	Indo-Barbadians, Indo-Dominicans, Indo-Grenadians, Indo-Guadeloupeans, Indo-Haitians, Indo-Jamaicans, Indo-Martiniquais, Indo-Kittitians and Indo-Nevisians, Indo-Saint Lucians, Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians, Indo-Vincentians, Indo-Belizeans, with significant populations in the United States and the United Kingdom	Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí
Indo-Mauritians	Indo-European → French-based creole → Mauritian Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil	Mauritius		Hinduism, Islam
Indo-Seychellois	Indo-European → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil	Seychelles		Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism
Indo-South Africans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → South African English	South Africa		Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism
Innu	Algic → Algonquian → Innu-aimun, Naskapi	Canada (Nitassinan)	Naskapi (including Kawawachikamach Naskapi, Mushuau Naskapi), Nutashkuan Innu, Ekuanitshit Innu, Mushuau Innu, Sheshatshiu Innu, Matimekush-Lac John Innu, Uashat–Mani-Utenam Innu, Essipit Innu, Pekuakamiulnuatsh Innu, Pessamit Innu, Pakuashipi Innu, Unamenshipit Innu	Animism
Inughuit	Eskaleut → Inuit → Inuktun	Danish Realm (Avannaa)		Christianity, Inuit religion
Inuktitut	Eskaleut → Inuit → Inuktitut	Canada (Nunavut)	Iglulingmiut	Christianity, Inuit religion
Inupiat	Eskaleut → Inuit → Inupiaq	United States (North Slope Borough, Northwest Arctic Borough, Nome Census Area)	Sivunmiut, Qawiaraq Inupiat, Nunamiut, Malimiut, Taġiuġmiut	Christianity, Inuit religion
Inuvialuit	Eskaleut → Inuit → Inuvialuktun	Canada (Inuvialuit Settlement Region)	Sallirmiut, Kangiryuarmiut, Uummarmiut	Christianity, Inuit religion
Iowa	Siouan → Western Siouan → Chiwere	United States (Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma)	Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma, Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska	Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Iraqw	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Iraqw	Tanzania		Christianity
Isoko	Niger–Congo → Edoid → Isoko	Nigeria (Isoko region)		Christianity
Itza	Mayan → Yucatecan → Itza'	Guatemala (Petén Department)		Christianity, Mayan religion
Ixil	Mayan → Mamean → Ixil	Guatemala (Ixil Community), Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo)	Chajuleño, Nebajeño	Christianity, Mayan religion
Jamaican Maroons	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Maroon Creole	Jamaica		Kumfu
Jews	Afroasiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew,^{[note 19]} Jewish languages,^{[note 1]}^{[note 20]} DGSic → Israeli Sign	North Africa, East Africa	Sephardim (including Egyptian Sephardim, North African Sephardim, Maroka'im, Algerian Jews, Tunisian Jews, Libyan Jews, and Toshavim (including Mozabite Jews)), Beta Israel (including Beta Abraham and Falash Mura), Rusape Jews, Abayudaya, Igbo Jews, as well as historically some Aksumites, along with significant populations in South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe	Judaism
Jita	Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Suguti	Tanzania (Mara Region)		Christianity, Ethnic Religion
Jola	Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Jola^{[note 1]}	Senegal (Jolaland)	Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, Mlomp	Traditional African religions
Jukun	Niger–Congo → Jukun Takum^{[note 21]}	Nigeria (Wukari)	Wannu	Traditional African religions
Jur	Nilotic → Luo → Jur	South Sudan	Beli, Sopi, Mödö, Nyamusa, Wira, Biti, Morokodo	Christianity, Traditional African religions^[11]
Kalaallit	Eskaleut → Inuit languages → Kalaallisut	Danish Realm (Kitaa)		Christianity, Inuit religion
Kablunângajuit	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English → Newfoundland English	Canada (Nunatsiavut)		Christianity
Kabyle	Afroasiatic → Berber → Kabyle	Algeria (Kabylia)		Islam → Sunni Islam
Kafwe Twa	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga	Zambia (Kafue Flats)		Traditional African religion
Kaguru	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kagulu	Tanzania (Ukaguru Mountains)		Folk religion
Kalanga	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → Kalanga	Zimbabwe, Botswana	Nambya	Christianity
Kalapuya	Kalapuyan^{[note 1]}	United States (Oregon)	Tualatin, Yamhill, Ahantchuyuk, Luckiamute, Santiam, Chepenefa, Chemapho, Tsankupi, Mohawk (Oregon), Chafan, Chelamela, Winefelly, Yoncalla	Native American religion
Kalenjin	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin^{[note 1]}	Kenya (Rift Valley Province)	Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pokoot, Terik	Christianity
Kalinago	Indo-European → Germanic → English,^{[note 22]} Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Kalinago → Garifuna, Vincentian Creole	Lesser Antilles		Christianity → Catholicism
Kamba	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kamba	Kenya (Ukambani)		Christianity
Kangiryuarmiut	Eskaleut → Inuit → Kangiryuarmiutun	Canada (Victoria Island)		Christianity, Inuit religion
Kanuri	Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Kanuri	Kanuriland (Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon)	Kanembu, Yerwa Kanuri	Islam
Kapsiki	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kapsiki	Mandara Mountains (Nigeria, Cameroon)		Islam
Kaqchikel	Mayan → Quichean → Kaqchikel	Guatemala (Chimaltenango, Solola, Sacatepequez, Guatemala Department), Mexico (Chiapas, Campeche)		Christianity, Mayan religion
Karuks	Karuk language	United States (California)		Christianity
Kaska Dena	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Kaska	Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory)		Native American religion
Kassena	Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Kasena	Ghana (Kassena-Nankana), Burkina Faso		Kassena religion
Kaw	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Kansa	United States (Oklahoma, Kansas)		Christianity, Native American Church, Native American religion
Keres	Keresan languages,^{[note 1]} Keresan Sign Language	United States (Sandoval County and Cibola County, New Mexico)	Eastern Keres (including Dámáyámʾé, Dîiwʾamʾé, Katishtya, Kʾúutìimʾé, Tsʾíiyʾamʾé) Western Keres (including Áakʾùumʾé, Kʾáwáigamʾé)	Syncretised form of Christianity and Pueblo religion
Kerewe	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kerewe	Tanzania (Ukerewe Island)		Christianity, Traditional African religions
K'iche'	Mayan → Quichean → K'iche'	Guatemala (Quiche, Totonicapan, Quetzaltenango, Solola, Suchitepequez, Retalhuleu), Mexico (Chiapas)	Central, East, North, West, South	Christianity, Maya religion
Kickapoo	Algic → Algonquian → Kickapoo	United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas), Mexico (Coahuila, Sonora, Durango)	Tribu Kikapú, Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma	Native American Church, Christianity
Kiga	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga	Uganda, Rwanda		Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism
Kikuyu	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kikuyu	Kenya (Central Province)		Christianity
Kilba	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Huba	Nigeria (Hong)		Christianity
Kinga	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kinga	Tanzania (Kipengere Range)		Christianity, Traditional African religion
Kiowa	Tanoan → Kiowa	United States (Oklahoma)		Christianity, Native American Church
Kissi	Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Kissi	Guinea, Sierra Leone		Christianity
Klallam	Salishan → Coast Salish → Klallam	United States (Olympic Peninsula, Kitsap Peninsula), Canada (Vancouver Island)	Lower Elwha Klallam, Jamestown S'Klallam, Port Gamble S'Klallam, Scia'new Klallam	Christianity, Shamanism
Kofyar	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kofyar	Nigeria (Plateau State)		Traditional African religions
Kongo	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo	Kongoland (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola)	Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, Beembe	Christianity, Kongo religion
Konjo	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Konjo	Rwenzori Mountains (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda)	Nande	Christianity
Konso	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Konso	Ethiopia (Konso)		Traditional African religions
Koyukon	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Koyukon	United States (Alaska)		Christianity, Animism
Kpelle	Niger–Congo → Mande → Kpelle	Liberia, Guinea		Traditional African religions
Kposo	Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → Kposo	Togo (Plateaux), Ghana		Christianity → Catholicism
Kru	Niger–Congo → Kru^{[note 1]}	Liberia (Grand Kru and Maryland Counties)	Aizi, Bete, Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn (including Sapo), Kuwaa	Christianity
Kunama	Nilo-Saharan → Kunama	Eritrea, Ethiopia		Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Kuria	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kuria	Kenya, Tanzania		Traditional African religions, Christianity
Kuteb	Niger–Congo → Jukunoid → Kuteb	Nigeria (Taraba State)		Christianity
Kwakwaka'wakw	Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Kwak'wala	Canada (British Columbia)		Native American religion
Kwaya	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwaya	Tanzania (Mara Region)		Christianity, Traditional African religion
Kwere	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwere	Tanzania (Bagamoyo District)		Islam, Traditional African religion
Lacandon	Mayan → Yucatecan → Lacandon	Mexico (Lacandon Jungle)		Christianity, Mayan religion
Lega	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lega	Democratic Republic of the Congo		Traditional African religions
Lemba	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Venda, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona	Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique		Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Lenape	Algic → Algonquian → Munsee; historically Algic → Algonquian → Unami	United States, Canada	Munsee (including Christian Munsee (including Delaware Nation at Moraviantown), Stockbridge Munsee, Munsee-Delaware Nation), Delaware Nation, Delaware Tribe of Indians, Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, Delaware of Six Nations, Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, Ramapough Mountain Indians	Traditional Lenape religion
Lenca	Macro-Chibchan → Lencan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Honduran Spanish, Salvadoran Spanish	Honduras, El Salvador		Christianity → Catholicism, Sovereign Tribal Custom
Limba	Niger–Congo → Limba	Sierra Leone (Bombali and Koinadugu Districts)		Christianity
Lower Cowlitz	Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Cowlitz	United States (Cowlitz Reservation, Quinault Reservation, Chehalis Reservation)		Native American religion
Luba	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luban^{[note 1]}	Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lubaland)	Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba (including Bangubangu), Songe, Lulua	Christianity
Lugbara	Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Lugbara	Democratic Republic of the Congo (Orientale Province), South Sudan, Uganda (West Nile (particularly Arua City, Arua, Maracha, Terego, Madi-Okollo, Yumbe and Koboko districts))	Ayivu, Maracha, Terego, Vurra, Aringa	Christianity, Islam, Lugbara religion^[12]
Luhya	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luhya	Kenya (Western Province)	Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga,	Christianity
Lumbee	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American Indian English → Lumbee English	United States (North Carolina)		Christianity
Luo	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dholuo	Kenya		Christianity
Luso-Africans	Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → African Portuguese	PALOP countries (Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Equatorial Guinea), South Africa	Portuguese Africans (including Luso-Angolans, Cape Verdeans, Luso-Equatoguineans, Luso-Guineans, Mozambique, Santomeans, Luso-South Africans)	Christianity → Catholicism
Maasai	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai	Maasailand (Tanzania, Kenya)	Samburu, Arusha, Kwavi	Traditional African religions
Madi	Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'di	Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda		Christianity
Mafa	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Mafa	Cameroon		Christianity
Makaa	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makaa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Byep	Cameroon (East Region, Centre Region)	South Makaa, North Makaa	Christianity, Traditional African religion
Makah	Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Makah	United States (Washington)		Native American religion
Makonde	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makonde	Tanzania, Mozambique (Mueda Plateau)	Machinga	Islam
Makua	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makhuwa	Mozambique	Lomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, Nathembo	Traditional African religions
Malagasy	Austronesian → Greater Barito → Malagasy	Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius	Merina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, Vezo	Christianity, Malagasy religion
Malbars	French Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole	Réunion		Hinduism
Mam	Mayan → Mamean → Mam	Guateamala (Guatemalan Highlands)		Christianity, Mayan Religion
Mambila	Niger–Congo → Mambila	Mambilla Plateau (Nigeria, Cameroon)	Somyev	Traditional African religions
Mandinka	Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding^{[note 1]}	Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Senegal	Bolon	Islam
Manjak	Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Manjak	Guinea-Bissau, Senegal		Traditional African religions
Masa	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Masana	Cameroon, Chad		Christianity, Islam^{[citation needed]}
Masalit	Nilo-Saharan → Masalit	Sudan, Chad		Islam → Sunni Islam
Mauritian Creoles	Indo-European → Romance → French-based creole → Mauritian Creole	Mauritius		Christianity → Catholicism, Rastafari
Mayangna	Misumalpan → Sumo^{[note 1]}	Nicaragua (Mosquito Coast)	Panamahka, Tawahka, Ulwa	Christianity
Mayles	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States (West Virginia)		Christianity → Protestantism
Mayo	Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Mayo	Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa)		Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion
Mazahua	Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Mazahua	Mexico (State of Mexico)		Christianity → Catholicism
Mazatec	Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Mazatecan^{[note 1]}	Mexico (Oaxaca)	Ayautla	Christianity → Catholicism
Mbaka	Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Mbaka	Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo		Christianity → Catholicism
Mbugu	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mbugu, Pare; Niger–Congo and Afroasiatic → Bantu and Cushitic → Maʼa	Tanzania (Usambara Mountains)		Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religion
Melungeons	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Appalachian English	United States (Appalachia)	Carmel Indians	Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists
Mende	Niger–Congo → Mande → Mende	Sierra Leone (Southern and Eastern Provinces)		Islam
Mennonites	Indo-European → Germanic → German, Dutch, English	North America	Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), with significant populations in Belize, El Salvador, and Mexico,	Christianity → Anabaptism → Mennonitism
Menominee	Indo-European → Germanic → English; Algic → Algonquian → Menominee	United States (Wisconsin (Menominee Indian Reservation))	Keshena, Legend Lake, Middle Village, Neopit, Zoar	Christianity → Catholicism, Big Drum, Native American Church
Métis	Indo-European and Algic → Romance and Algonquian → French and Plains Cree → Michif; Indo-European → Romance → French → Metis French; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bungi	Canada (Canadian Prairies, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Northwestern Ontario), United States (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana)	Anglo-Metis, Little Shell Métis	Christianity
Mi'kmaq	Algic → Algonquian → Mi'kmaq^{[note 13]}	Canada (Mi'kma'ki), United States (Maine)	Mi'kmaq Nation, Miawpukek	Christianity → Catholicism
Miami	Algic → Algonquian → Miami–Illinois → Miami proper	United States (Illinois)	Indiana Miami, Oklahoma Miami, Piankeshaw	Christianity, Native American religion
Miccosukee	Muskogean → Mikasuki	United States (Miccosukee Indian Reservation)		Christianity, Native American religion
Mijikenda	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mijikenda	Kenya (Coast Province)	Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, Rabai	Christianity
Miskito	Misumalpan → Miskito; Germanic → English Creole → Miskito Coast Creole	Mosquito Coast (Nicaragua, Honduras)	Miskito Sambu	Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church
Missouria	Siouan → Western Siouan → Chiwere	United States (Oklahoma, previously Missouri)		Christianity, Native American Church
Mixe	Mixe–Zoque → Mixe^{[note 1]}	Mexico (Oaxaca)		Christianity → Catholicism
Mixtec	Oto-Manguean → Mixtecan → Mixtec	Mexico (La Mixteca)	Triqui, Cuicatecs, Amoltepec	Christianity → Catholicism
Mohawk	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Mohawk	Canada (Quebec, Ontario), United States (New York)		Animism, Christianity
Monacans	Historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Tutelo^{[note 23]}	United States (Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Ohio)		Christianity
Mongo	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mongo	Democratic Republic of the Congo (Equateur, Tshuapa, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi)	Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, Tetela	Christianity
Mormons^[14]	Indo-European → Germanic → English	United States (Mountain States)		Christianity → Mormonism
Mopan	Mayan → Yucatecan → Mopan	Belize, Guatemala		Christianity, Mayan religion
Moru	Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Moru	South Sudan (Western Equatoria)	Miza; Ägyi; Moroändri; Kediro, 'Bari'ba^[15]	Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism → Episcopal Church of the South Sudan^[16]
Mossi	Niger–Congo → Gur → Mossi	Burkina Faso (Mossiland)		Islam
Mumuye	Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Mumuye	Nigeria (Taraba State)		Traditional African religions
Muscogee	Muskogean → Muscogee,^{[note 5]} Muskogean → Eastern Muskogean → Mikasuki	United States (Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia)^{[note 6]}	Thlopthlocco, Kialegee, Muscogee Nation, Poarch Band, Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe, Creek Freedmen	Native American religion → Creek mythology, Four Mothers Society
Musgum	Afroasiatic → Chadic → Musgu	Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Chari-Baguirmi, Mayo-Kebbi Est)		Islam
Mwera	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mwera	Tanzania (Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions)		Islam
Nahuas	Uto-Aztecan → Nahuan → Nahuatl	Mexico	Huasteca Nahuas, Mexicaneros, Sierra Puebla Nahuas, Guerrero Nahuas, Orizaba Nahuas, Southeastern Puebla Nahuas, Central Nahuas, Pipil	Christianity → Catholicism, Aztec religion
Nakoda	Siouan → Western Siouan → Stoney	Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan)	Wood Stoney, Mountain Stoney	Christianity
Nama	Khoe → Khoekhoe	Namibia (Namaland), South Africa	Oorlams	Christianity
Naso	Chibchan → Talamanca → Teribe	Panama (Bocas del Toro)		Native American religion
Natchez	Natchez language^{[note 5]}	United States (Oklahoma, South Carolina)	Eastern Band	Christianity, Native American religion
Navajo	Na-Dene → Apachean → Navajo; Navajo Family Sign^{[note 5]}	United States (Dinétah)		Christianity → Catholicism, Native American Church
Ndendeule	Niger-Congo languages → Bantu languages → Ndendeule	Tanzania		Animism
Netsilik	Eskaleut → Inuit → Natsilingmiutut	Canada (Kugaaruk, Gjoa Haven)		Christianity, Inuit religion
Nez Perce	Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Nez Perce,^{[note 5]} Indo-European → Germanic → English	United States (Idaho, Washington)		Waashat Religion, Christianity
Ngabe	Chibchan → Guaymi	Panama (Ngabe-Bugle Comarca)		Christianity → Catholicism
Ngbandi	Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Ngbandi	Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic	Yakoma	Christianity
Ngoni	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ngoni	Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Zambia		Christianity, African Traditional Religion, Sangoma, Islam
Nipmucs	Historically Algic → Algonquian → Loup A, Massachusett	United States (Chaubunagungamaug Reservation, Hassanamisco Reservation)	Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck, Hassanamisco Nipmuc, Nipmuc Nation	Manito, Christianity
Nisga'a	Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Nisga'a	Canada (British Columbia)		Native American religion
Nkole	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-Kiga → Nkore	Uganda (Ankole)		Christianity, Ruhanga
Nooksack	Salishan → Coast Salish → Nooksack	United States (Washington)		Native American religion, Christianity
Nubians	Nilo-Saharan → Nubian^{[note 1]}	Nubia (Egypt, Sudan)	Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Hill Nubians (including Dilling, Debri, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Karko, and Wali)	Islam → Sunni Islam
Nubis	Afroasiatic → Arabic creoles → Nubi	Uganda, Kenya	Ugandan Nubis, Kenyan Nubis	Islam
Nuer	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Nuer	South Sudan (Nuerland)		Traditional African religions
NunatuKavummiut	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Newfoundland English	Canada (NunatuKavut)		Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism; Animism
Nuu-chah-nulth	Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Nuu-chah-nulth	Canada (British Columbia)		Native American religion
Nuxalk	Salishan → Nuxalk	Canada (British Columbia)		Native American religion
Nyambo	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nyambo	Tanzania (Karagwe District, Kagera Region)		Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism
O'odham	Uto-Aztecan → Piman → O'odham	Mexico (Sonora), United States (Arizona)	Akimel O'odham, Tohono O'odham, Hia C-eḍ O'odham	Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion
Odawa	Algic → Algonquian → Ottawa^{[note 24]}	Canada (Ontario), United States (Oklahoma, Michigan)		Midewiwin, Animism, Traditional religion, Christianity^[17]
Ogiek	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Ogiek	Kenya (Mau Forest, Mount Elgon)		Christianity, Traditional Ogiek religion^[18]
Ogoni	Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ogoni^{[note 1]}	Nigeria (Ogoniland)	Baan, Eleme, Gokana, Tẹẹ	Christianity
Ogu	Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Gun	Nigeria (Lagos, Ogun State), Benin		Christianity, Islam, West African Vodun^[19]
Oji-Cree	Algic → Algonquian → Oji-Cree	Canada (Ontario, Manitoba)		Anishinaabe traditional beliefs, Christianity^[20]
Ojibwe	Algic → Algonquian → Ojibwe^{[note 1]}^{[note 24]}	Anishinaabeland (Canada, United States)	Mississaugas, Saulteaux, Findians	Midewiwin
Okies	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Oklahoman English	United States (Oklahoma, California)		Christianity → Protestantism → Southern Baptist
Oku	Indo-European → English Creole → Krio; Indo-European → Germanic → English	Sierra Leone, The Gambia		Islam
Omaha	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca	United States (Nebraska, Iowa)		Christianity, Native American religion
Oneida	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Oneida^{[note 24]}	Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Wisconsin)		Longhouse Religion
Onondaga	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Onondaga	Canada (Ontario), United States (New York)		Longhouse Religion, Kanoh'hon'io, Kahni'kwi'io, Christianity^[21]
Opata	Indo-European → Romance → Spanish; historically Uto-Aztecan → Opata	Mexico (Sonora)	Eudeve, Teguima, Jova	Christianity → Catholicism
Oromo	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Oromo^{[note 1]}	Ethiopia (Oromia), Kenya	Boorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Wollo	Islam → Sunni Islam
Osage	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Osage; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → Romance → French^[22]	United States (Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas)		Christianity, Inlonshka, Traditional Spirituality^[23]
Otoe	Siouan → Western Siouan → Chiwere	United States (Oklahoma, formerly Nebraska)		Native American Church, Christianity
Otomi	Oto-Manguean → Otomian → Otomi	Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, State of Mexico, Queretaro)		Christianity → Catholicism
Ovambo	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ovambo	Namibia (Ovamboland), Angola		Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Ovimbundu	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Umbundu	Angola		Christianity
Papel	Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Papel	Guinea-Bissau (Biombo Region)		Christianity → Catholicism
Pare	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare	Tanzania (Pare Mountains)		Islam
Pawnee	Caddoan → Pawnee-Kitsai → Pawnee-Arikara → Pawnee	United States (Oklahoma, formerly Kansas and Nebraska)		Christianity, Native American Church
Pedi	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Northern Sotho → Sepedi	South Africa (Limpopo)		Christianity
Pende	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pende	Democratic Republic of the Congo		Christianity
Pennsylvania Dutch	Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pennsylvania Dutch English	United States (Pennsylvania)	Schwenkfelders, River Brethren (including Yorker Brethren)	Christianity → Protestantism
Pied-Noir	Indo-European → Romance → French	Algeria		Christianity
Ponca	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca	United States (Nebraska, Oklahoma)		Christianity, Native American Church
Poqomam	Mayan → Quichean → Poqomam	Guatemala (Alta Verapaz)		Christianity, Maya religion
Poqomchi	Mayan → Quichean → Poqomchi'	Guatemala (Baja Verapaz)
Potawatomi	Algic → Algonquian → Potawatomi	Canada (Ontario, United States (Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Oklahoma, Wisconsin)		Midewiwin, Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Methodism^[24]
Powhatans	Indo-European → Germanic → English; historically Algic → Algonquian → Virginia Algonquian	United States (Tsenacommacah)		Christianity, Native American religion^[25]
Punjabi Mexican Americans	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States (California)		Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity
Purepecha	Purépechan languages^{[note 1]}	Mexico (Michoacan)		Christianity → Catholicism
Q'anjob'al	Mayan → Q'anjobalan → Q'anjob'al	Guatemala (Huehuetenango Department), Mexico (Chiapas)		Christianity, Mayan religion
Quapaw	Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Quapaw	United States (Oklahoma, formerly Arkansas)		Christianity, Native American religion, Native American Church
Quechan	Yuman → Quechan	United States (Arizona, California)		Native American religion, Christianity
Q'eqchi'	Mayan → Quichean → Q'eqchi	Guatemala (Alta Verapaz, Peten Department, Izabal Department, Baja Verapaz, Quiche Department), Belize (Toledo District), Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Chiapas	Western Q'eqchi, Eastern Q'eqchi	Christianity, Maya religion
Quileute	Chimakuan → Quileute	United States (Washington)		Native American religion
Rama	Chibchan → Rama; Germanic → English Creole → Miskito Coast Creole → Rama Cay Creole	Nicaragua (Rama Cay)		Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church
Redbones	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States (Louisiana)		Christianity
Rendille	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Rendille	Kenya (Eastern Province)		Waaq
Rhodesians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Zimbabwean English	Zimbabwe	Significant populations in the United Kingdom	Christianity
Rifians	Afroasiatic → Berber → Tarifit	Morocco		Islam → Sunnism
Saho	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Saho	Eritrea, Ethiopia		Islam → Sunnism
Sahrawis	Afroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic	Western Sahara	Reguibat, Oulad Delim, Oulad Tidrarin, Laaroussien, Tekna, Tajakant, Aït Oussa	Islam → Sunnism
Saint Helenians	Indo-European → Germanic → English	Saint Helena		Christianity → Anglicanism
Salinan	Hokan → Salinan	United States (California)		Native American religion
Sandawe	Sandawe	Tanzania (Chemba District)		Traditional African Religion, Islam
Sara	Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Sara^{[note 1]}	Chad, Central African Republic	Ngambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, Gulay	Traditional African religions
Sekani	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Sekani	Canada (British Columbia)		Christianity, Animism
Seminoles	Muskogean → Muscogee → Seminole, Muskogean → Mikasuki, Afro-Seminole Creole	United States (Oklahoma, Florida), Mexico (Coahuila)	Oklahoma Seminoles, Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Florida Seminoles	Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Green Corn Ceremony
Seneca	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Seneca	Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma)		Longhouse Religion, Christianity^[26]
Senufo	Atlantic–Congo → (disputed) → Senufo^{[note 1]}	Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso	Nafana, Minyanka	Traditional African religions
Serer	Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Serer, Cangin^{[note 1]}	Senegal	Laalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, Saafi	Islam, Serer religion
Serrano	Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Serrano^{[note 5]}	United States (California)	Mountain Serrano, Desert Serrano	Native American religion
Seychellois Creoles	Indo-European → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole	Seychelles		Christianity → Catholicism
Shawnee	Algic → Algonquian → Shawnee	United States (Oklahoma, historically Ohio)	Absentee Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee, Piqua Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe	Indigenous religion^[27]
Sherbro	Atlantic–Congo → Mel → Sherbro	Sierra Leone (Sherbro Island)		Traditional African religions
Shilha	Afroasiatic → Berber → Shilha	Morocco		Islam → Sunnism
Shilluk	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Shilluk	South Sudan	Gule	Christianity → Catholicism
Shirazi	Atlantic-Congo → Bantu → Swahili	Tanzania (Swahili Coast), Kenya, Mozambique, Comoros	Zanzibaris, and Maore	Islam → Sunnism
Shona	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona	Zimbabwe (Mashonaland)	Manyika, Ndau	Christianity
Shoshone	Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Shoshoni	Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah (United States)	Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Goshute	Native American Church, Christianity
Sidama	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Sidaama	Ethiopia (Sidamia)		Christianity
Sierra Leone Creoles	Indo-European → Germanic → English → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pichinglis	Sierra Leone	Gambian Creoles, Saros, Krio Fernandinos, with significant populations in the United States	Christianity
Siglit	Eskaleut → Inuit → Sallirmiutun	Canada (Inuvialuit Settlement Region)		Christianity, Inuit religion
Siltʼe	Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Gurage → Siltʼe	Ethiopia (Siltia)		Islam
Sino-Mauritians	Indo-European → Romance → French-based creole → Mauritian Creole; Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese → Hakka, Cantonese	Mauritius		Christianity, Chinese folk religion, Buddhism
Sino-Seychellois	Indo-European → Romance → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole; Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese → Hakka, Cantonese	Seychellois		Christianity, Chinese folk religion, Buddhism
Sioux	Siouan → Western Siouan → Sioux^{[note 1]}^{[note 25]}	United States (Lakotah)	Lakota (including Brulé, Oglala, Sans Arc, Hunkpapa, Miniconjou, and Sihasapa) and Dakota (including Mdewakanton)	Native American religion
Sirenik	Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik,^{[note 26]} historically Eskaleut → Eskimo → Sirenik	Russia (Sireniki)		Christianity, formerly shamanism
Skokomish	Salishan → Coast Salish → Twana	United States (Skokomish Indian Reservation)		Christianity → Indian Shaker Church^[28]
Slavey	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Slavey^{[note 1]}	Canada (Alberta, Northwest Territories)	Deh Cho, Sahtu	Christianity, Animism
Soga	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Soga	Uganda (Busoga)		Christianity, Traditional African religions
Somalis	Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Somali^{[note 1]}	Greater Somalia (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya)	Hawiye, Darod (including Majeerteen), Isaaq, Dir, Rahanweyn, Madhiban, Yibir, Ajuran along with significant populations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada	Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism
Songhai	Songhay languages^{[note 1]}	West Africa	Songhai proper, Zarma, Wogo, Kurtey, Ingalkoyyu, Arma, Belbali, Dendi	Islam
Soninke	Niger–Congo → Mande → Soninke	Mali		Islam → Sunni Islam → Malikism
Sotho	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho	South Africa (Free State), Lesotho		Christianity
South Carolina Turks^[29]	Indo-European → Germanic → English	United States (Dalzell, Sumter County, South Carolina)		Islam
Squamish	Salishan → Coast Salish → Squamish	Canada (British Columbia (North Vancouver (Squamish Nation)))	Senakw, X̱wáýx̱way, X̱wemelch'stn, Stawamus	Irreligion, Christianity
Sukuma	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sukuma	Tanzania		Christianity → Catholicism
Surma	Nilo-Saharan → Surmic^{[note 1]}	Ethiopia, South Sudan	Me'en, Mursi, Kichepo	Traditional African religions
Susu	Niger–Congo → Mande → Susu	Guinea, Sierra Leone (Kambia)		Islam
Swahili	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili	Swahili coast (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros)		Islam
Swazi	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swazi	South Africa (Mpumalanga), Eswatini		Christianity → African Zionism
Tagish	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tagish	Canada (Yukon)		Christianity, Animism^[30]
Tahltan	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tahltan	Canada (Northern British Columbia)		Christianity, Animism^[31]
Taidnapam	Historically Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Northwest Sahaptin → Upper Cowlitz; Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon	United States (Yakama Indian Reservation)	Upper Cowlitz, Lewis River Cowlitz	Native American religion^[32]
Taino	Arawakan → Taino	Greater Antilles		Native American religion
Tallensi	Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Talni	Ghana (Tallensi Traditional Area), Burkina Faso		Tallensi religion
Tama	Nilo-Saharan → Taman → Tama	Chad, Sudan		Islam
Tanana Athabaskans	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Lower Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tanacross	United States (Interior Alaska), Canada (Western Yukon)	Lower Tanana, Middle Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana	Christianity, Shamanism^[33]
Taos	Tanoan → Tiwa → Taos	United States (Taos Pueblo)		Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Tarahumara	Uto-Aztecan → Tarahumaran → Tarahumara	Mexico (Chihuahua)		Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Tarok	Niger–Congo → Plateau → Tarok	Nigeria (Plateau State)		Christianity
Teke	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Teke	Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo		Traditional African religions^[34]
Temne	Niger–Congo → Mel → Temne	Sierra Leone (Northern Sierra Leone)		Islam
Tepehuán	Uto-Aztecan → Piman → Tepehuán	Mexico (Durango, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Zacatecas, Nayarit)		Tepehuán Mythology, Shamanism, Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Tewa	Tanoan → Tewa	United States (New Mexico)		Christianity, Pueblo religion
Tigrayans	Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Tigrinya	Eritrea (Eritrean Highlands), Ethiopia (Tigrayia)		Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Tigre	Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Tigre	Eritrea		Islam
Tiv	Niger–Congo → Tiv	Nigeria (Benue State)		Christianity
Tlapanec	Oto-Manguean → Tlapanec	Mexico (Guerrero)		Christianity → Catholicism
Tlicho	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tlicho	Canada (Northwest Territories)		Christianity, Animism
Tlingit	Na-Dene → Tlingit	Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska, Washington)		Alaska Native religion
Tojolabal	Mayan → Q'anjobalan → Tojolab'al	Mexico (Chiapas)		Christianity, Mayan religion
Tonga	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga	Zambia, Zimbabwe		Traditional African Religion
Tooro	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tooro	Uganda (Tooro Kingdom)	Abagweri, Abasingo, Abahinda, Ababiito, Abasumbi, Abayaga, Ababwiju, Abasiita, Abasambo, Ababoopi, Ababwooro, Abagaya, Abalebeki, Abango, Abagimu, Abarungu, Abanyakyoozi, Abasoigi^[35]	Christianity, Ruhanga
Totonac	Totonac^{[note 1]}	Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo)		Christianity, Native American religion
Toubou	Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Tebu^{[note 1]}	Toubouland (Chad, Niger, Sudan, Libya)	Daza, Teda	Islam → Sunni Islam
Toucouleur	Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Pulaar	Senegal (Futa Tooro)		Islam
Tsimshian	Tsimshianic → Maritime Tsimshianic^{[note 1]}	Canada (British Columbia), United States (Alaska)	Kitasoo, Gitga'ata, Kitkatla, Kitsumkalum, Kitselas, Ginadoiks, Ginaxangiik, Gispaxlo'ots, Gitando, Gitlaan, Gits'iis, Gitwilgyoots, Gitzaxłaał, Giluts'aaw	Alaskan Native religion
Tsonga	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tsonga	Mozambique (Maputo City and Maputo Province, Gaza Province), South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga)		Christianity → Catholicism
Tsuut'ina	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tsuut'ina	Canada (Alberta)		Christianity, Native American religion
Tswana	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tswana	Botswana, South Africa (South Tswanaland)	Balete, Mangwato, Bangwaketse, Bakwena, Batlokwa, Bahurutshe, Bakgatla, Rolong	Christianity
Tumbuka	Niger-Congo → Bantu → Tumbuka	Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe	Senga, Henga, Yombe, Phoka, Tonga	Christianity, Tumbuka mythology
Tunica-Biloxi	Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → Romance → French;^[36] Tunica language; historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Biloxi	United States (Tunica-Biloxi Indian Reservation)	Biloxi, Tunica	Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Native American religion^[37]
Tunumiit	Eskaleut → Inuit → Tunumiisut	Danish Realm (Tunu)		Inuit religion, Christianity
Tupuri	Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Tupuri	Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Mayo-Kebbi)		Christianity
Turkana	Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Turkana	Kenya (Turkanaland)		Christianity → Catholicism
Tuscarora	Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Tuscarora	Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, North Carolina)		Longhouse Religion, Christianity^[38]
Tutchones	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tutchone^{[note 1]}	Canada (Yukon Territory)	Northern Tutchones, Southern Tutchones	Native American religion
Tutsi	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi^{[note 18]}	Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu)	Banyamulenge	Christianity, Islam
Tzeltal	Mayan → Cholan → Tzeltal	Mexico (Chiapas)		Christianity, Mayan religion
Tzotzil	Tzotzil	Mayan → Cholan → Tzotzil		Christianity, Mayan religion, Islam
Tz'utujil	Mayan → Quichean → Tz'utujil	Guatemala (Guatemalan Highlands)
Umatilla	Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Umatilla	United States (Oregon)		Native American religion
Upper Kuskokwim	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Kuskokwim	United States (Interior Alaska)		Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Urhobos	Niger–Congo → Edoid → Urhobo	Nigeria (Delta State)		Christianity
Ute	Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Colorado River Numic → Ute	United States (Colorado, Utah)		Native American Church, Christianity
Vai	Niger–Congo → Mande → Vai	Liberia, Sierra Leone		Islam, Christianity, Traditional African religions
Venda	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tshivenda	South Africa (Vendaland)		Christianity, Traditional African religions
Walla Walla	Plateau Penutian → Sahaptin → Walla Walla	United States (Oregon, Washington)		Waashat Religion
Wampanoag	Algic → Algonquian → Wampanoag	United States (Massachusetts)	Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)	Native American religion, Christianity
Wassamasaw	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	United States (Berkeley County, South Carolina)		Christianity → Protestantism → Baptism^[39]
Welayta	Afroasiatic → Omotic → Wolaitta	Ethiopia (Wolayitia)		Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay
Wichita	Caddoan → Wichita^{[note 5]}	United States (Oklahoma; formerly Kansas, Texas)		Native American Church, Christianity, Native American religion
Wolane	Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Wolane	Ethiopia (Gurage)		Islam^[40]
Wolof	Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Wolof	Senegambia (Senegal, The Gambia)	Lebu	Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Mouride
Wuikinuxv	Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Oowekyala	Canada (British Columbia)		Native American religion
Xhosa	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Xhosa	South Africa (Xhosaland)		Christianity
Xinca	Xincan^{[note 1]}	Guatemala		Christianity → Catholicism; Native American religion
Yabs	French Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole	Réunion		Christianity
Yako	Niger–Congo → Cross River → Yako	Nigeria (Yakurr Local Government)		Christianity
Yao	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Yao	Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania (Ruvuma and Mtwara Regions)		Islam and Animism → Yao Folk Islam
Yaqui	Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Yaqui	Mexico (Sonora), United States (Arizona)		Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Yellowknives	Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan	Canada (Northwest Territories)		Christianity
Yoa-Lokpa	Niger–Congo → Gur → Oti–Volta → Yom, Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi → Lukpa	Benin (Donga Department)		Ethnic religion^[41]
Yoruba	Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Yoruba; Yoruba Sign	Yorubaland (Nigeria, Benin, Togo)	Ijesha, Egba, Yewa, Igbomina, Awori, Akoko, Okun, Ana, Ekiti, Ilaje, Ijebu, Oyo, Ondo, Ife, Nagos, with significant populations in the United States and Canada	Islam, Christianity, Yoruba religion
Yucatec Maya	Mayan → Yucatecan → Yucatec Maya	Mexico (Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo), Belize (Corozal District, Orange Walk District)		Christianity, Mayan religion
Yuchi	Yuchi language	United States (Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina)^{[note 6]}		Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism; Stomp Dance; Native American Church^[42]
Yup'ik	Eskaleut → Eskimo → Yup'ik	United States (Alaska)	Nunivak Cupʼig, Chevak Cupʼik	Christianity, Shamanism
Zaghawa	Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Zaghawa	Chad, Sudan		Islam → Sunni Islam
Zande^{[note 27]}^[43]	Niger–Congo → Zande	Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan	Barambu	Christianity
Zapotecs	Oto-Manguean → Zapotec^{[note 1]}	Mexico (Oaxaca)	Ixtlan	Christianity → Catholicism
Zarabes	French Creole → Bourbonnais Creole → Réunion Creole	Réunion		Islam
Zonians	Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English	Panama (Panama Canal Zone)		Christianity
Zoque	Mixe–Zoque → Zoque^{[note 1]}	Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Tabasco)		Christianity → Catholicism
Zulu	Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Zulu	South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)	Northern Ndebele	Christianity
Zuni	Zuni language	United States (New Mexico)		Christianity
ǃKung	Kxʼa → ǃKung^{[note 1]}	Namibia (Kalahari Desert)	ǃXun, Ju	Animism
ǂAakhoe	Khoe-Kwadi → Khoe → Khoekhoe → ǂAakhoe	Namibia		Animism

Lists of ethnic groups

By status:

List of Indigenous peoples
List of diasporas
List of stateless nations

Regional lists:

African people
Asian people
European people
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Oceanian people
Ethnoreligious group
Ethnic groups by country

Notes

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 ^1.19 ^1.20 ^1.21 ^1.22 ^1.23 ^1.24 ^1.25 ^1.26 ^1.27 ^1.28 ^1.29 ^1.30 ^1.31 ^1.32 ^1.33 ^1.34 ^1.35 ^1.36 ^1.37 ^1.38 ^1.39 ^1.40 ^1.41 ^1.42 ^1.43 ^1.44 ^1.45 ^1.46 ^1.47 ^1.48 ^1.49 ^1.50 ^1.51 ^1.52 ^1.53 ^1.54 ^1.55 ^1.56 ^1.57 ^1.58 ^1.59 ^1.60 ^1.61 ^1.62 Language family; with some exceptions, all speakers of the various languages within this family are typically seen as one singular ethnicity.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Non-contiguous homeland. Throughout most of its history (if not its entire history), this ethnic group has lived in separate, isolated communities scattered throughout the countries/subdivisions listed.
↑ Although Akan is the principal language of the Akan people, the Akan language has only recently been standardized. The majority of Akan people still speak their local dialects, which are usually considered by linguists to be separate languages altogether.
↑ Due to historical migrations, about half of the Akan population reside in Ivory Coast.
↑ ^5.00 ^5.01 ^5.02 ^5.03 ^5.04 ^5.05 ^5.06 ^5.07 ^5.08 ^5.09 Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the American government, the vast majority only speak English.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Following the passage of the Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and the Muscogee were all forced to relocate their entire population to Oklahoma.
↑ With the exception of Navajo, all Apachean speakers are seen as one ethnicity. However, due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.
↑ The Argobba have typically been a merchant community and usually trades with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in the majority only speaking Amharic or Oromo.
↑ The Beti and the Fang form the Beti-Pahuin peoples. While the term Beti is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the Beti-Pahuin people, the Beti ethnicity is specifically limited to Ewondo and Eton speakers.
↑ Due to the Expulsion of the Chagossians, there are no Chagossians living on the Chagos Archipelago. The majority of Chagossians now live in the United Kingdom, Mauritius, and Seychelles.
↑ The last of the Chumashan languages went extinct in 1965 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2010.
↑ The original Egyptian language, which morphed into the Coptic language around the 1st century AD, died out as a spoken language around the 17th century and is now only used for religious ceremonies. Today, the Egyptians, including the Copts, speak Egyptian Arabic.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the Canadian government, the vast majority can only either speak English.
↑ This ethnic group is largely a nomadic or semi-nomadic one and do not have a particular area to claim as a primary homeland; these countries are listed here due to having a significant population.
↑ The Gabrieleno language went extinct around 1900, but revival efforts have been ongoing since the 2000s. Most are fluent in English and/or Spanish
↑ Like its speakers, the Garifuna language is the only remnant of the Island Carib language.
↑ Following the Second Carib War, the majority of the Garifuna were deported to Honduras, where they later spread to Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua. Since then, Honduras has seen high murder rates, causing many to flee to United States.
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 Refers specifically to the Kinyarwanda and Kirundi dialects. The other speakers of the dialects within the Rwanda-Rundi continuum are considered to be separate from the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa peoples.
↑ Despite the successful revival of the Hebrew language, many Jews continue to speak the various languages that have developed by the diaspora populations, including Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. In addition, English serves as the lingua franca of Israel.
↑ Though many Jewish languages are not genetically related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Jewish diaspora.
↑ The Wapan language have largely replaced Jukun Takum as the main language.
↑ The indigenous Kalinago language became extinct in the 1920s. However, an offshoot of it known as Garifuna is still spoken today.
↑ Tutelo went extinct in 1982, leading most Monacans, Saponi, and Occaneechi to speak English. There has been some interest in reviving Tutelo in the 21st century.^[13]
↑ ^24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 Due to a long history of forced assimilation by both American and Canadian governments, the vast majority can only speak English.
↑ Due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.
↑ Due to the Sirenik language going extinct, Sirenik people have begun using the related Siberian Yupik language in its place.
↑ Otherwise known as Azande.

References

↑ Levinson, David (1998). Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-57356-019-1. Search this book on
↑ Goran Burenhult, Traditional Peoples Today: Continuity and Change in the Modern World Illustrated History of Humankind, vol. 5 (1994).
↑ "Native American Tribal Arts & Architecture, SUBARCTIC ARTS". Archived from the original on 2012-09-29. Retrieved 2011-03-18. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. 4. ABC-CLIO. p. 47. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
↑ Olson, James Stuart (1996). The peoples of Africa: an ethnohistorical dictionary. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-313-27918-8. Search this book on
↑ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. 4. ABC-CLIO. p. 56. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
↑ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. 4. ABC-CLIO. p. 58. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
↑ Abu-Lughod, Lila (2006). Local Contexts of Islamism in Popular Media. Amsterdam University Press. p. 24 pages. ISBN 90-5356-824-7. Search this book on
↑ Chapman, Colin (2012). "Christians in the Middle East – Past, Present and Future". Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies. 29 (2): 91–110. doi:10.1177/0265378812439955. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
↑ "::الأهرام العربي - الصفحة الأولى ::". Archived from the original on 2010-01-23. Retrieved 2010-09-10. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Jur (Beli & Modo)". gurtong. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
↑ "Population Composition" (PDF). ubos.org. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
↑ Antrim, Aislinn (4 June 2019). "Rebuilding the Tutelo-Saponi language for tribe's next generation". Indian Country Today. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2022. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Part I – Mormons as an Ethno-Religious Group. ebooks.cambridge.org. 29 September 2014. ISBN 9781107027978. Retrieved 22 September 2022. Search this book on
↑ TUCKER, A.N. (1940) The Eastern Sudanic Languages. OUP
↑ LAWIRI, E.B. (1987) The Growth of the Church in Moru Country. Moru Literacy Project, Mundri, Sudan. He set the Christian foundation through his work in Lui.
↑ "Odawa Ottawa First Nation Portal Websites". Archived from the original on July 5, 2019. Retrieved March 9, 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. 4. ABC-CLIO. p. 833. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
↑ Segun Olatunji (27 December 2013). "Egun people blame underdevelopment on minority status". The Punch. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
↑ Shebahkeget, Ozten (February 15, 2024). "'We are not Oji-Cree': 22 First Nations across Manitoba, Ontario clear the air on distinct identity". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 28, 2024. Retrieved December 10, 2024. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Ceremonies". Onondaga Nation. 2014-02-18. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
↑ "Osage Nation Language Department". Archived from the original on 2011-11-20.
↑ "Osage". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
↑ "Three Fires Council – CPN Cultural Heritage Center". Archived from the original on 2023-09-29. Retrieved 2023-10-23. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Writers' Guide" Archived 2012-02-24 at the Wayback Machine, Virginia Council on Indians, Commonwealth of Virginia, 2009
↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
↑ Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial. Archived February 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. 2008.
↑ Elmendorf, William Welcome (1993). Twana narratives: native historical accounts of a Coast Salish culture. UBC Press. p. xxix. ISBN 978-0-7748-0475-2. Retrieved November 3, 2010. Search this book on See also map on page 2
↑ Ognibene, Terri Ann; Browder, Glen (2018), South Carolina's Turkish People: A History and Ethnology, University of South Carolina, p. 64, ISBN 9781611178593
↑ Porsild, Charlene (1998). "Keish (Skookum Jim, James Mason)". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
↑ Emmons, George Thornton (1911). The Tahltan Indians. Philadelphia: The University Museum. Retrieved 2014-03-29. Search this book on
↑ "The Spirit of the Cowlitz: Their villages, part two". www.hometowndebate.com. January 9, 2013.
↑ Arthur E. Hippler 1974. An Alaskan Athabascan technique for overcoming alcohol abuse Archived 18 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine
↑ NDINGA MBO, Abraham Constant (2010). "LES PRELUDES HISTORIQUES : GENESES, MIGRATIONS, INSTALLATION DES PEUPLES". In Obenga, Theophile. HISTOIRE GÉNÉRALE DU CONGO DES ORIGINES À NOS JOURS I. Méthodologie historique Genèse du Congo (in French). L'Harmattan. pp. 148–149.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on
↑ Kaji, Shigeki (2007). A Rutooro Vocabulary. PanLex Project The Long Now Foundation. アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所. pp. 190–196. ISBN 978-4-87297-890-2. Search this book on
↑ Jeffrey P. Brain and Frank W. Porter (1990). The Tunica-Biloxi. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 93. ISBN 978-1555467319. Search this book on
↑ "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs" (PDF). Federal Register. 82 (10): 4915–4920. 2017-01-17.
↑ "Tuscarora Nation Demographics & Statistics — Employment, Education, Income Averages, Crime in Tuscarora Nation — Point2 Homes". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
↑ "Wassamaw Tribe of Varnertown Indians". OpenCorporates. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
↑ "Wolane in Ethiopia". Joshua Project.
↑ Toyin Falola, Daniel Jean-Jacques (2016). Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society, volume 1. Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781786844576 Search this book on ..
↑ Jackson, Jason Baird. "Yuchi (Euchee)." Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
↑ Gordon, Raymond (2005). "Lugbara language". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.

This article "List of contemporary ethnic groups" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:List of contemporary ethnic groups. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.

[Language_family-3] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 ^1.19 ^1.20 ^1.21 ^1.22 ^1.23 ^1.24 ^1.25 ^1.26 ^1.27 ^1.28 ^1.29 ^1.30 ^1.31 ^1.32 ^1.33 ^1.34 ^1.35 ^1.36 ^1.37 ^1.38 ^1.39 ^1.40 ^1.41 ^1.42 ^1.43 ^1.44 ^1.45 ^1.46 ^1.47 ^1.48 ^1.49 ^1.50 ^1.51 ^1.52 ^1.53 ^1.54 ^1.55 ^1.56 ^1.57 ^1.58 ^1.59 ^1.60 ^1.61 ^1.62 Language family; with some exceptions, all speakers of the various languages within this family are typically seen as one singular ethnicity.

[non-contiguous-4] 2.0 ^2.1 Non-contiguous homeland. Throughout most of its history (if not its entire history), this ethnic group has lived in separate, isolated communities scattered throughout the countries/subdivisions listed.

[7] Although Akan is the principal language of the Akan people, the Akan language has only recently been standardized. The majority of Akan people still speak their local dialects, which are usually considered by linguists to be separate languages altogether.

[9] Due to historical migrations, about half of the Akan population reside in Ivory Coast.

[American_Indians-12] 5.00 ^5.01 ^5.02 ^5.03 ^5.04 ^5.05 ^5.06 ^5.07 ^5.08 ^5.09 Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the American government, the vast majority only speak English.

[Trail_of_Tears-13] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Following the passage of the Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and the Muscogee were all forced to relocate their entire population to Oklahoma.

[14] With the exception of Navajo, all Apachean speakers are seen as one ethnicity. However, due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.

[17] The Argobba have typically been a merchant community and usually trades with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in the majority only speaking Amharic or Oromo.

[18] The Beti and the Fang form the Beti-Pahuin peoples. While the term Beti is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the Beti-Pahuin people, the Beti ethnicity is specifically limited to Ewondo and Eton speakers.

[Chagossian_expulsion-19] Due to the Expulsion of the Chagossians, there are no Chagossians living on the Chagos Archipelago. The majority of Chagossians now live in the United Kingdom, Mauritius, and Seychelles.

[20] The last of the Chumashan languages went extinct in 1965 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2010.

[21] The original Egyptian language, which morphed into the Coptic language around the 1st century AD, died out as a spoken language around the 17th century and is now only used for religious ceremonies. Today, the Egyptians, including the Copts, speak Egyptian Arabic.

[First_Nation-23] 13.0 ^13.1 Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the Canadian government, the vast majority can only either speak English.

[nomadic-24] This ethnic group is largely a nomadic or semi-nomadic one and do not have a particular area to claim as a primary homeland; these countries are listed here due to having a significant population.

[25] The Gabrieleno language went extinct around 1900, but revival efforts have been ongoing since the 2000s. Most are fluent in English and/or Spanish

[26] Like its speakers, the Garifuna language is the only remnant of the Island Carib language.

[27] Following the Second Carib War, the majority of the Garifuna were deported to Honduras, where they later spread to Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua. Since then, Honduras has seen high murder rates, causing many to flee to United States.

[Hutu,_Tutsi,_Twa-28] 18.0 ^18.1 Refers specifically to the Kinyarwanda and Kirundi dialects. The other speakers of the dialects within the Rwanda-Rundi continuum are considered to be separate from the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa peoples.

[29] Despite the successful revival of the Hebrew language, many Jews continue to speak the various languages that have developed by the diaspora populations, including Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. In addition, English serves as the lingua franca of Israel.

[Jewish_languages-30] Though many Jewish languages are not genetically related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Jewish diaspora.

[31] The Wapan language have largely replaced Jukun Takum as the main language.

[33] The indigenous Kalinago language became extinct in the 1920s. However, an offshoot of it known as Garifuna is still spoken today.

[Tutelo-36] Tutelo went extinct in 1982, leading most Monacans, Saponi, and Occaneechi to speak English. There has been some interest in reviving Tutelo in the 21st century.^[13]

[Assimilation_of_First_Nations-40] 24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 Due to a long history of forced assimilation by both American and Canadian governments, the vast majority can only speak English.

[52] Due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.

[Sirenik_language-53] Due to the Sirenik language going extinct, Sirenik people have begun using the related Siberian Yupik language in its place.

[69] Otherwise known as Azande.

[1] Levinson, David (1998). Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-57356-019-1. Search this book on

[2] Goran Burenhult, Traditional Peoples Today: Continuity and Change in the Modern World Illustrated History of Humankind, vol. 5 (1994).

[5] "Native American Tribal Arts & Architecture, SUBARCTIC ARTS". Archived from the original on 2012-09-29. Retrieved 2011-03-18. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[6] Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. 4. ABC-CLIO. p. 47. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on

[Olson_1996-8] Olson, James Stuart (1996). The peoples of Africa: an ethnohistorical dictionary. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-313-27918-8. Search this book on

[10] Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. 4. ABC-CLIO. p. 56. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on

[11] Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples – An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. 4. ABC-CLIO. p. 58. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on

[15] Abu-Lughod, Lila (2006). Local Contexts of Islamism in Popular Media. Amsterdam University Press. p. 24 pages. ISBN 90-5356-824-7. Search this book on

[16] Chapman, Colin (2012). "Christians in the Middle East – Past, Present and Future". Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies. 29 (2): 91–110. doi:10.1177/0265378812439955. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)

[22] "::الأهرام العربي - الصفحة الأولى ::". Archived from the original on 2010-01-23. Retrieved 2010-09-10. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[32] "Jur (Beli & Modo)". gurtong. Retrieved 17 June 2014.

[34] "Population Composition" (PDF). ubos.org. Retrieved 7 August 2023.

[35] Antrim, Aislinn (4 June 2019). "Rebuilding the Tutelo-Saponi language for tribe's next generation". Indian Country Today. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2022. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

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[39] LAWIRI, E.B. (1987) The Growth of the Church in Moru Country. Moru Literacy Project, Mundri, Sudan. He set the Christian foundation through his work in Lui.

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v t e Ethnicity
Related concepts	Clan Ethnic group Ethnolinguistic group Ethnoreligious group Indigenous peoples Ingroups and outgroups Meta-ethnicity Metroethnicity Minority group Monoethnicity Nation Nationality Panethnicity Polyethnicity Population Race Symbolic ethnicity Tribe
Ethnology	Anthropology Ethnic studies Ethnoarchaeology Ethnobiology Ethnobotany Ethnozoology Ethnoecology Ethnocinema Ethnogeology Ethnography Autoethnography Clinical Critical Cyber- Netnography Online Person-centered Salvage Transidioethnography Video Ethnohistory Ethnolinguistics Ethnology Ethnomathematics Ethnomethodology Ethnomuseology Ethnomusicology Ethnophilosophy Ethnopoetics Ethnoscience Ethnosemiotics Ethnotaxonomy
Groups by region	Africa Americas Indigenous Canada Mexico United States Central America South America Asia Central Asia East Asia Northern Asia South Asia Southeast Asia West Asia Australia Indigenous Europe Oceania Indigenous European
Identity and ethnogenesis	Cross-race effect Cultural assimilation Cultural identity Demonym Development Endonym Ethnic flag Ethnic option Ethnic origin Ethnic religion Ethnicity in census Ethnofiction Ethnonym Folk religion Historical Imagined community Kinship Legendary progenitor Lineage-bonded society Mythomoteur Mores Nation-building Nation state National language National myth Origin myth Pantribal sodality Tribal name Tribalism Urheimat
Multiethnic society	Consociationalism Diaspora politics Dominant minority Ethnic democracy Ethnic enclave Ethnic interest group Ethnic majority Ethnic media Ethnic pornography Ethnic theme park Ethnoburb Ethnocracy Indigenous rights Middleman minority Minority rights Model minority Multinational state
Ideology and ethnic conflict	Ethnic bioweapon Ethnic cleansing Ethnic hatred Ethnic joke Ethnic nationalism Ethnic nepotism Ethnic penalty Ethnic slur Ethnic stereotype Ethnic violence Ethnocentrism Ethnocide Ethnosymbolism Indigenism Separatist movements Xenophobia

List of contemporary ethnic groups

Contents

Ethnic groups

Lists of ethnic groups

See also

Notes

References

📰 Article(s) of the same category(ies)[edit]