List of countries by date of uninterrupted peaceful transfer of power
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This is a list of countries by date of their first peaceful[clarification needed], election-based transfer of political power (uninterrupted to the present) of the premier[clarification needed] from one political party to another.
| Country | Uninterrupted peaceful transfers of power since | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | May 29, 1660[citation needed] | Charles II is crowned King of England, Scotland and Ireland by Parliament after being deposed as King of Scotland in 1651. The Monarch's power and succession after this point is primarily controlled by an elected Parliament. |
| United States | March 4, 1801 | This is referred to as the Revolution of 1800.[1] Some regard the 1861 transfer of power following the 1860 election as an interruption in the peaceful transition of power, "leading as it did to a secession by half the country and four years of brutal civil war."[2] |
| Canada | November 7, 1873[citation needed] | Alexander Mackenzie takes office. |
| Switzerland | December 17, 1891[citation needed] | Josef Zemp takes office. |
| Australia | April 29, 1910[citation needed] | Andrew Fisher takes office. |
| New Zealand | December 10, 1928[citation needed] | Joseph Ward takes office. |
| Ireland | March 9, 1932 | Éamon de Valera replaces W.T. Cosgrave. |
| Italy | June 2, 1946 | A universal suffrage vote elects Alcide De Gasperi as first prime minister of the newborn Italian Republic. |
| France | June 24, 1946 | Georges Bidault takes office. |
| Japan | May 24, 1947 | Tetsu Katayama takes office. |
| Netherlands | August 7, 1948 | Willem Drees becomes the prime minister. |
| Belgium | August 11, 1949 | Gaston Eyskens replaces Paul-Henri Spaak. |
| Costa Rica | May 8, 1953 | Jose Figueres Ferrer replaces Otilio Ulate Blanco. |
| Colombia | August 7, 1958 | Alberto Lleras Camargo replaces the Junta Militar after Gustavo Rojas Pinilla's 4 year military dictatorship. |
| Norway | October 12, 1965 | First post-war non-Labour government |
| Germany | October 21, 1969 | This is the election of Willy Brandt. For East Germans, the first peaceful transfer of power was the election of Gerhard Schröder, who took office October 27, 1998. |
| Austria | April 21, 1970 | Bruno Kreisky takes office. |
| Luxembourg | June 15, 1974 | Gaston Thorn becomes prime minister. |
| India | March 24, 1977 | Morarji Desai is elected Prime Minister of India ending years of Indian National Congress rule, forming the first non congress government at the center |
| Israel | June 21, 1977 | The right-wing Likud party ends three decades of left-wing rule. |
| Dominican Republic | August 16, 1978 | Antonio Guzmán Fernández replaces Joaquín Balaguer. |
| Spain | December 1, 1982 | The Spanish general election of 1982 marks the first post-Franco peaceful transfer of power. |
| Portugal | March 9, 1986 | Mário Soares takes office. |
| El Salvador | June 1, 1989 | Alfredo Cristiani is elected. |
| Argentina | July 8, 1989 | Carlos Menem is elected. |
| Guatemala | January 14, 1991 | Jorge Serrano Elías replaces Vinicio Cerezo. |
| Turkey | November 20, 1991 | Süleyman Demirel replaces Mesut Yılmaz. |
| Brazil | January 1, 1995 | Fernando Henrique Cardoso takes office. |
| Poland | December 23, 1995 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski replaces Lech Walesa. |
| Taiwan | May 20, 1996 | Lee Teng-hui is the elected president of Taiwan presidential election, 1996. |
| South Korea | February 25, 1998 | Kim Dae-Jung is elected president. |
| Mexico | December 1, 2000 | Vicente Fox ends 71 years of uninterrupted rule by the Institutional Revolutionary Party. |
| Ecuador | January 15, 2007 | Rafael Correa is elected. |
| Greenland | June 12, 2009 | Kuupik Kleist takes office. |
| Chile | March 11, 2010 | Concertacion candidates won every election from the 1990 end of military rule until the election of Sebastián Piñera. |
| Philippines | June 30, 2010 | Benigno Aquino III takes office. |
| Haiti | May 14, 2011 | Michel Martelly replaces Rene Preval. |
| Indonesia | October 20, 2014 | Joko Widodo takes office. |
Countries without uninterrupted, election-based peaceful transfers of power[edit]
| Country | Last government change | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bahrain | 1783 | The ruling Al Khalifa family begins its reign of uninterrupted control. |
| Saudi Arabia | August 14, 1932 | The King of Saudi Arabia takes power. |
| North Korea | September 9, 1948 | The Workers' Party of Korea under the Kim dynasty has maintained uninterrupted rule. |
| China | October 1, 1949 | The People's Republic of China is established. |
| Morocco | March 2, 1956 | Morocco achieves independence from France. |
| Malaysia | August 31, 1957 | Malaysian leaders have come from the same political party since the country's independence. |
| Cuba | January 1, 1959 | Fulgencio Batista is overthrown. |
| Algeria | July 3, 1962 | A succession of military leaders and puppets have ruled since the country has gained independence from France. |
| Syria | March 12, 1971 | The al-Assad family seizes power in a coup d'état. |
| Vietnam | July 2, 1976 | The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is founded. |
| Iran | February 11, 1979 | The Shah of Iran is overthrown and only two Supreme Leaders have ruled since. |
| Zimbabwe | December 12, 1979 | The Rhodesian Bush War ends and Robert Mugabe becomes president. |
| Cameroon | November 6, 1982 | Paul Biya takes control, as Ahmadou Ahidjo goes into exile. |
| Russia | July 10, 1991 | The Soviet Union falls, and Boris Yeltsin becomes president. A series of appointed successors have replaced him in succession.[citation needed] |
| Afghanistan | December 22, 2001 | The first peaceful transition of power took place when president Burhanuddin Rabbani transferred power to Hamid Karzai. |
| Iraq | April 9, 2003 | The United States removes Saddam Hussein from power. |
| Bolivia | June 6, 2005 | The Bolivian gas war culminates in the resignation of the president. |
| Honduras | June 28, 2009 | Manuel Zelaya is removed in a coup d'état. |
| Niger | February 18, 2010 | Mahamadou Issoufou becomes president after a coup d'état. |
| Tunisia | January 14, 2011 | The Tunisian revolution culminates in the ouster of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. |
| Libya | August 23, 2011 | The Libyan Civil War occurs in 2011. |
| Yemen | February 27, 2012 | Ali Abdullah Saleh is ousted. |
| Paraguay | June 22, 2012 | Fernando Lugo is replaced in a "parliamentary coup." |
| Egypt | July 3, 2013 | An Egyptian coup d'état removes President Mohamed Morsi. |
| Ukraine | February 22, 2014 | Viktor Yanukovych is ousted. |
| Thailand | May 22, 2014 | Thailand overthrows its leader. |
References[edit]
- ↑ James E. Lewis Jr., "'What Is to Become of Our Government?' The Revolutionary Potential of the Election of 1800" in The Revolution of 1800: Democracy, Race, and the New Republic (eds. James Horn, Jan Ellen Lewis & Pegter S. Onuf: University of Virginia Press, 2002:), pp. 3-4. "Historians and political scientists have ... frequently treated [the 1800 election] as the first instance—not just in American history but even in modern history—when control over a national government passed from the ruling party to the opposition party peacefully. One political scientists called it 'the first ... grand, democratic, peaceful transfer pf power in modern politics.' 'Violent resistance was never, at any time, discussed as a serious immediate possibility,' the historian Richard Hofstadter insisted; 'neither was disunion discussed as a serious immediate possibility.' The "peaceful and orderly fashion" in which this transfer of power took place has often been treated as evidence of 'the maturity of the nation's first system of political parties.'"
- ↑ Kevin Drum, Was 1861 Really a Peaceful Transition of Power?, Mother Jones (January 21, 2013).
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