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List of people declared persona non grata

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

This is a list of people declared persona non grata. Persona non grata (Latin, plural: personae non gratae), literally meaning "an unwelcome person", is a legal term used in diplomacy that indicates a proscription against a foreign person entering or remaining in the country. It is the most serious form of censure that one country can apply to foreign diplomats, who are otherwise protected by diplomatic immunity from arrest and other normal kinds of prosecution.

Kurt Waldheim
Kurt Waldheim
George F. Kennan
George F. Kennan
Mario Vargas Llosa
Mario Vargas Llosa
Carl Bildt
Carl Bildt
Jörg Haider
Jörg Haider
Philip Goldberg
Philip Goldberg
George Galloway
George Galloway
László Sólyom
László Sólyom
Günter Grass
Günter Grass
Brad Pitt
Brad Pitt

List of people who are declared personae non gratae[edit]

1900s[edit]

  • The Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 included the list of 150 personae non gratae of Turkey, which forbade the entry of mainly a group of former Ottoman Empire officials and about 100 other persons to Turkey, until the lifting of this status in 1938.[citation needed]
  • Queen Victoria Eugenie of Spain was obliged to leave Italy in 1942 having become persona non grata to the Italian government. According to Harold Tittmann, a United States representative at the Vatican at the time, this was due to her "ill-disguised leanings to the Allied cause."[1]
  • Harald Edelstam, Swedish ambassador to Chile, was declared persona non grata for his efforts to hide and assist members of the opposition facing persecution by the Chilean junta of 1973–1990, including occupying the Embassy of Cuba in Santiago, containing hundreds of refugees, and declaring it Swedish soil.
  • Kurt Waldheim, former Secretary-General of the United Nations and President of Austria, and his wife were given persona non grata status in the United States and other countries when he was accused of having known about Nazi war crimes and not having done anything about them.[2]
  • In September 1952, the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union, George F. Kennan, was declared persona non grata after making a statement which the Soviets believed linked them to Nazi Germany. The Soviets refused to allow Kennan to reenter the Soviet Union.[3]
  • In November 1962, the Mexican authorities, as per a directive from Mexico City Regent Ernesto Peralta Uruchurtu, refused to grant a work permit to US singer and actor Elvis Presley, who was scheduled to travel to Acapulco with a Paramount crew of about fifty other persons, all of whom were given work permits except for him. Presley thus became the only US entertainer to have been officially declared persona non grata by the Mexican authorities, the result as noted by the latter, of a series of incidents starting in February 1957, when he was banned from radio after a newspaper falsely quoted him speaking badly of Mexican women, then into 1959, when his music was banned from record stores, and continuing into 1961, when his films were banned from theatres. Mention was made of two violent riots between pro-Presley fans, those who did not believe the 1957 allegations were true, and those who did, and were thus against him, at the trendy 'Las Americas' cinema in Mexico City, during the openings of two of his previous films King Creole (El barrio contra mi) in 1959, and G.I. Blues (Cafe Europa) in 1961. As a result, and given that they had already invested some US$250,000 in new camera equipment purchased specifically for this movie, Paramount decided to go ahead with the filming in early January 1963, and hired a double to do Presley's long shot scenes, the entire crew then returning to Los Angeles in early March 1963 to shoot the close-ups between Presley and his co-stars. The film, entitled Fun in Acapulco opened in US theatres in November 1963. The ban was lifted in 1971.
  • In March 1976, Herbert Spiro, the United States Ambassador to Cameroon, also accredited to Equatorial Guinea, was declared persona non grata by Equatorial Guinea. At the end of a visit to the country which he described as pleasant and uneventful up to that point, Equatoguinean Deputy Protocol Director Santiago Nchama handed him a letter accusing the United States government of engaging in subversive activities there, and days later, Equatorial Guinea's foreign ministry sent a telegram to the State Department announcing that Spiro and Consul William C. Mithoefer Jr, who had accompanied him on his visit, were both barred from the country.[4]
  • In April 1979, the Central Intelligence Agency's expert on Iran, George W. Cave, was declared persona non grata by the Iranian government.[5]
  • In the 1990s, Mario Vargas Llosa, who would later receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, was "persona non grata in Peru, discredited and insulted in the official press" of Alberto Fujimori's regime. According to Ilan Stavans, "Peruvians have made it a sport to hate Vargas Llosa."[6]
  • In 1995, Croatia declared Carl Bildt persona non grata announcing that he had "lost the credibility necessary for the role of a peace mediator". Bildt had suggested that the President of Croatia, Franjo Tuđman was "as guilty of war crimes as the Krajina Serb leader", Milan Martić.[7]
  • In 1996 Sergey Andreyev, a Russian, was expelled from Estonia, having turned out to be an employee of the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).[8]
  • Brad Pitt became persona non grata in the People's Republic of China after he appeared in the 1997 film Seven Years in Tibet, which sympathetically depicted the Dalai Lama and portrayed the Chinese annexation of Tibet. The ban was lifted in 2014 when he accompanied his wife Angelina Jolie on a film promotion tour.[9]
  • Claire Danes also became persona non grata permanently by the Filipino officials in 1998 after the filming of Brokedown Palace, which filmed in the country as a substitute for Thailand. The restriction involved a ban from entering Manila or the Philippines and prohibition on distribution of her films in the region. The ban came after Danes said Manila, the capital of the Philippines, "smelled of cockroaches, with rats all over, and that there is no sewage system, and the people do not have anything – no arms, no legs, no eyes". Danes later apologized for those remarks, but the Filipino authorities refused to lift the ban.[10][11][12]

2000s[edit]

2010s[edit]

  • On January 8, 2010, the Egyptian Foreign Ministry declared Respect Party politician George Galloway persona non grata after he attempted to take 200 aid trucks into the Gaza Strip, along with international activists. He was subsequently deported from Egypt back to the UK.[43]
  • In October 2010, Italian singer Al Bano was included in the list of personae non gratae in Azerbaijan due to visiting Nagorno Karabakh without the permission of Azerbaijan.[44]
  • On March 30, 2011, The Kuwaiti Minister of Foreign Affairs declared three Iranian diplomats, including the Ambassador, personae non gratae for allegedly spying. Upon orders from the Emir of Kuwait, the deputy prime minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs expelled the high ranking Iranian diplomats.[45]
  • On April 5, 2011, the Ecuador Ministry declared United States Ambassador Heather Hodges persona non grata after she did not provide sufficient answers about a leaked diplomatic cable related to Ecuador. In retaliation the United States declared the Ecuadorean Ambassador Luis Gallegos persona non grata on April 7, 2011.[46]
  • On April 27, 2011, Malawi declared British High Commissioner Fergus Cochrane-Dyet persona non grata a week after a diplomatic cable had been leaked in which Cochrane-Dyet stated that Malawian President Bingu wa Mutharika was "becoming ever more autocratic and intolerant of criticism".[47][48]
  • On May 1, 2011, the Libyan ambassador to the United Kingdom, Omar Jelban, was given 24 hours to leave the country after Foreign Secretary William Hague said he was persona non grata. The expulsion was in response to attacks on British embassy premises in Tripoli following the death of Colonel Gaddafi's son in a NATO air strike.[49]
  • On May 6, 2011, France declared 14 former Libyan diplomats in Paris to be personae non gratae because of "conduct and activities that are not compatible with the UN resolutions, particularly resolution 1973" and "going against the protection of Libyan civilians".[50]
  • On May 19, 2011, the Russian Foreign Ministry said Israel's military attaché to Moscow Col. Vadim Leiderman was declared persona non grata after being caught receiving secret information from a Russian citizen.[51]
  • On January 6, 2012, the United States notified the Venezuelan government of the declaration of Venezuelan diplomat Livia Acosta Noguera persona non grata and demanded that she leave the United States by January 10, 2012. The declaration was announced by the United States on January 8, and came after an FBI investigation into allegations reported in a Univision documentary. The documentary purported that several diplomats from various countries, including Venezuela, Iran and Cuba were seeking information to commit cyberattacks on United States facilities and had been in contact with a group posing as Mexican hackers at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.[52][53]
  • On April 8, 2012, Israel declared German poet Günter Grass, recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature, persona non grata[54] because of his poem "What Must Be Said", which warned that Israel threatened an "already fragile world peace".[55]
  • On May 29, 2012, in response to the Houla massacre in Syria, the French government declared Syrian Ambassador Lamia Shakkour, and two other embassy officials, personae non gratae. The Syrian ambassador to the Netherlands was also declared persona non grata by Dutch Foreign Minister Uri Rosenthal.[56]
  • On September 7, 2012, the Canadian government declared all Iranian diplomats in Canada personae non gratae. The Canadian embassy in Tehran also was closed. The declaration occurred after Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird designated Iran and its ally Syria as state sponsors of terrorism during the Syrian Civil War.[57]
  • For his reports on 19 August 2012, Marin Mema was banned from entering Greece and declared persona non grata.[58] Mema is mostly involved in investigative journalism; his reports range from government corruption to human rights abuses. In 2011–2012 he reported from Margariti and Filiates about the properties of the Chams (Cham Albanians who used to live in the area until World War II) that have been appropriated by the Greek state. UJA (Union of Journalists of Albania) protested in front of the Greek embassy in Tirana against the entry ban.[59]
  • On May 14, 2013, Russia's Foreign Ministry declared Ryan Fogle, third secretary of the Political Department of the United States Embassy in Moscow, persona non grata. He was caught allegedly trying to recruit a Russian special services staff member and accused of being a CIA agent.[60] On May 17, FSB revealed the identity of the CIA Station Chief as Steven Hall in further retaliation.[61][62]
  • In June 2013, Spanish opera singer Montserrat Caballé was included in a list of personae non gratae in Azerbaijan for visiting of Nagorno Karabakh without permission of Azerbaijan.[44][63]
  • On July 6, 2013, the Philippine Bureau of Immigration prevented Dutch activist Thomas van Beersum from leaving the Philippines at Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila. Thomas van Beersum participated in a political rally against the Philippine government during President Benigno Aquino III's State of the Nation Address. Van Beersum gained the attention of the media when a photo of him berating a police officer into tears went viral on the internet which sparked the outrage of Filipino netizens. Van Beersum went to the Philippines using a tourist visa. The Dutch activist was deported on August 7 due to "overstaying" and "for engaging in partisan political activity" and was blacklisted as persona non grata.[64][65]
  • On November 23, 2013, Egypt declared the Turkish ambassador Huseyin Avni Botsali persona non grata due to criticisms made by Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on the overthrowing of Mohamed Morsi as President of Egypt.[66]
  • On December 24, 2013, Jagmeet Singh, a Canadian Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in Ontario, was barred from travelling to India, as he was considered 'persona non grata' by the Indian government.[67][68] Singh's visa application was refused by the Indian consulate in Toronto, Canada. He had been accused of having links to Khalistan extremists based in Canada who wish to carve a separate religious Sikh state out of India through armed struggle.[69][70] On number of occasions, Jagmeet Singh has been unable to denounce the Khalistani terrorists who bombed the Air India Flight 182, which was the deadliest act of aviation terrorism prior to 9/11 attacks in 2001—killing all aboard: 329 people, including 268 Canadian citizens, 27 British citizens and 24 Indian citizens.[71] Singh also received the distinction of being the first sitting member of a Western legislature to be barred from travelling to India.[72][73] Singh later became the Leader of the New Democratic Party.
  • In June 2014, Poland expelled Russian deputy military attaché Eduard Shishmakov for spying; Polish media suspected him to be involved in the 2014 Polish wiretap scandal. Shishmakov, an accused GRU operative, later became a key suspect in the 2016 Montenegrin coup allegations.[74]
  • On July 7, 2014, the foreign ministry of the Kingdom of Bahrain demanded the immediate departure of Tom Malinowski, United States Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. The state news organization, BNA, reported that Malinowski had "held meetings with a particular party to the detriment of other interlocutors, thus discriminating between one people, contravening diplomatic norms and flouting normal interstate relations," and was thus declared persona non grata.[75]
  • In December 2014, the Government of Estonia declared Italian journalist Giulietto Chiesa persona non grata. Chiesa was a former Member of the European Parliament who had belonged to the Delegation to the EU-Russia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee and had run as a candidate for the Latvian Russian Union. He had been due to speak at a conference on Europe and Russia relations which the Estonian security services believed to be a front for Russia's foreign intelligence services. He entered Estonia for the conference and was arrested in Tallinn and deported.[76]
  • In October 2015, the government of Eritrea declared historian Michela Wrong (I Didn't Do It for You: How the World Betrayed a Small African Nation), novelist Hannah Pool (My Father's Daughter) and short story writer Jacob M. Appel (Scouting for the Reaper) personae non gratae for their criticism of the regime of Isaias Afewerki.[77]
  • In November 2015, Miss World contestant Anastasia Lin by China "apparently because of her outspoken advocacy for human rights and religious freedom in China." China, however, has given no official reason for declaring her persona non grata.[78]
  • In January 2016, the Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs Margot Wallström was declared persona non grata by Israel after a series of statements about the country; particularly one where she sought an investigation of "unrightful killings". The Foreign Ministry of Israel called her statements "irresponsible and delirious" and stated that they are "giving support to terrorism and encouraging violence".[79]
  • On October 27, 2016, A Pakistani diplomat in India, Mehmood Akhtar,[80] was arrested for a short while before being declared 'persona non grata' by the Indian foreign secretary for 'espionage'. This action came from the Indian government amid increasing tensions between both the countries including cross border attacks with civilian and military casualties being report by both the sides.[81]
  • On October 27, 2016, The Pakistani foreign secretary summoned an Indian envoy, Surjeet Singh and informed him of his expulsion from the country. The Indian diplomat was declared persona non grata, shortly after the Indian government detained a Pakistani diplomat before expelling him. Surjeet Singh was also questioned about the violation of the Vienna Convention by the Indian government while it detained a foreign envoy. These actions highly stressed the diplomatic relations between India and Pakistan.[82]
  • On December 29, 2016, thirty-five Russian diplomats were declared 'personae non gratae' by the United States in response to the alleged Kremlin-backed interference in the 2016 United States presidential election.[83]
  • On March 4, 2017, the government of Malaysia declared the North Korean Ambassador to Malaysia, Kang Chol, as persona non grata due to the murder case of Kim Jong-nam (the brother of Kim Jong-un, North Korean supreme leader) by VX nerve agent.[84] Kang Chol was summoned by the ministry in Putrajaya but failed to appear just before the declaration and an apology was demanded by the Malaysian government due to accusations made by the North Korean ambassador for Malaysia.[85]
  • In July 2017, the Venezuelan government of Nicolás Maduro declared five former Latin American leaders as personae non gratae as a result of their participation as international observers to the unofficial Venezuelan referendum held by the opposition. Former Mexican President Vicente Fox was banned on July 16.[86] Former President of Colombia Andrés Pastrana, former President of Bolivia Jorge Quiroga and former Presidents of Costa Rica Laura Chinchilla and Miguel Ángel Rodríguez were banned on July 18.[86] Foreign Minister Samuel Moncada said the Latin American leaders invited as observers were "political sicarios", "clowns" and "mercineries" that "sell themselves to the highest bidder to go to various destinations and repeat what they are told"[87]
  • On 2 August 2017, the Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Dmitry Rogozin was declared persona non grata by the Government of Moldova for making offensive statements to Moldovan and Romanian public officials and about Transnistria War veterans. Rogozin was also trying to travel through Moldova to enter Transnistria in violation of international sanctions.[88]
  • In September 2017, the North Korean ambassador to Mexico Kim Hyong Gil was declared persona non grata by the Government of Mexico and was given 72 hours to leave Mexico because of North Korea's nuclear activity at the time.[89]
  • In a statement issued on Monday, October 23, 2017, the Malian Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced the expulsion from the national territory of Mr. Robin Guiovanopoulos within 72 hours, a teacher from a French school in Bamako who used the term "Azawad" in a history/geography assignment distributed to his students. Azawad is the name given to northern Mali by the Tuareg-dominated rebellion since the 1990s and claimed its independence.[90][91]
  • On January 28, 2018, Anthony Fouchard, a French correspondent for Rfi and France 24 in Mali, is declared Persona Non Grata in Mali by the Minister of the Digital Economy and Communication, following a publication on Twitter, likening it to a provocation or a joke, relating to the suicide attack that occurred the same day in Menaka in the north of the country. He had 24 hours to leave the territory, and left the next day.[92][93]
  • On April 5, 2018, sixty U.S. diplomats to Russia were declared personas non grata by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.[94]
  • On April 21, 2018 Serbian defence minister, Aleksandar Vulin, was declared persona non grata in Croatia. As a retaliation measure, Croatian defence minister, Damir Krstičević, was declared persona non grata in Serbia.
  • On April 10, 2018, Israel announced that the then Lord Mayor of Dublin, Mícheál Mac Donncha would be refused entry into Israel. Mac Donncha was able to enter Israel and travel to Ramallah. It was later discovered that Israeli officials had mistaken an image caption Ardmhéara Mícheál MacDonncha – as his full name. Ardmheára is the Irish for Lord Mayor.[95][96]
  • On April 25, 2018, Philippine Ambassador to Kuwait Renato Villa was affirmed persona non grata by the Kuwait Foreign Ministry and mandated to vacate Kuwait within one week in response to the Philippine embassy staff's move to unilaterally rescuing maltreated Filipino household workers from different households as part of President Rodrigo Duterte's plan of banning total OFW deployment to Kuwait.[97]
  • On May 22, 2018, the U.S. Chargé d'affaires to Venezuela, Todd D. Robinson and his deputy, Brian Naranjo, were declared personas non grata by Nicolas Maduro after growing U.S. sanctions and the Chargé's statements that the recent re-election of Maduro was a "power grab" and that the elections were neither "free or fair".[98]
  • On July 14, 2018, India declared a Pakistan High Commission staffer 'persona non-grata' after he was arrested by Delhi Police on charges of espionage. He was caught along with documents about deployment details of BSF along the Indo-Pak border.[99]
  • On August 5, 2018, the Canadian Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Dennis Horak, was declared persona non grata after Canada called for the release of civil activists in detention.
  • On January 1, 2019, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Somalia declared a persona non grata status on the Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations Nicholas Haysom after Haysom was accused of deliberately interfering in the domestic affairs of the country and undermining the independence of the Government of Somalia
  • On March 11, 2019, the Ukrainian Culture Ministry declared a persona non grata status for the Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker Albano Carrisi, known as Al Bano, for being a national security threat. The singer openly announced that he believes the Crimean Peninsula is Russian territory and is said to be a fan of Russian President Vladimir Putin. A ban and persona non grata status on the same grounds has also been announced on December 10, 2018, on the Italian actor and director Michele Placido.
  • On September 5, 2019, the United States declared former Social Democratic Party of Romania leader Liviu Dragnea persona non grata due to his conviction on corruption.
  • On December 10, 2019, the Government of Mali declared Christophe Sivillon, United Nations' MUNISMA Chief Bureau of Kidal Region, a region controlled by Tuareg rebels since the Second Kidal Battle, persona non grata due to a declaration that threatened the sovereignty of Mali.
  • On December 10, 2019, Kosovo declared the Austrian author Peter Handke persona non grata after he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.[100]
  • On December 23, 2019, Daniel Foote was recalled to the United States from Zambia after his position as Ambassador was declared "no longer tenable" by the sitting government after his criticism of a lengthy prison sentence for a homosexual couple, effectively rendering persona non grata.

2020s[edit]

  • On May 14, 2020, Burundi declared Dr Walter Kazadi Mulombo and three of his team as personae non gratae due to "interfering in the country's internal affairs". Kazadi Mulombo and his staff were representatives from WHO with the mission to report Burundi's efforts to restrict the COVID-19 pandemic.[101]
  • On June 1, 2020, two Pakistani High Commission workers working in the Visa Section in New Delhi were arrested by Special Cell of Delhi Police on charges on espionage and shortly after declared personae non gratae.[102] The two were allegedly using fake identities to establish contact in Indian Railways to get details of the Indian Army's movements.[103]
  • On August 8, 2020, three Russian diplomats were expelled by Slovakia because "their activities were in contradiction with the Vienna convention on diplomatic relations". Slovak officials did not provide further details, but the justification brings the expulsions into connection with the murder of a former Chechen rebel Zelimkhan Khangoshvili with Georgian citizenship in Berlin in summer 2019. Slovak media have reported that one of people suspected of involvement in the killing had travelled to Europe on a Slovak visa.[104]
  • On August 19, 2020, following anti-government protests in Belarus, President Alexander Lukashenko was declared persona non grata in Lithuania[105] for allegedly rigging elections,[106] resorting to brutal violence against peaceful protesters[107] and later torturing them in custody.[108] European People's Party, the largest party in European Parliament, called for declaring Lukashenko persona non grata in all EU member states.[109]
  • On August 29, 2020, the Russian foreign ministry announced that it had expelled and declared persona non grata a Norwegian diplomat in a reciprocal move after the Norwegian foreign ministry expelled a Russian diplomat on August 18 for alleged espionage. The Norwegian foreign ministry called Russia's reciprocal move "completely unfounded".[110]
  • On November 28, 2020, Serbian ambassador to Montenegro Vladimir Božović was declared persona non grata in Montenegro for alleged meddling in interior affairs of Montenegro and for making multiple statements that were "unacceptable for a diplomat" according to the Montenegrin Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[111][112]
  • On November 28, 2020, in response to Montenegro declaring Serbian ambassador Vladimir Božović persona non grata, the Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs declared Montenegrin ambassador to Serbia Tarzan Milošević persona non grata and he was given 72 hours to leave Serbia.[113] The next day, Serbian Prime Minister Ana Brnabić revoked the decision by the Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, restoring diplomatic status to Milošević.[114]
  • On 23 December 2020, Colombia declared 2 Russian diplomats "persona non grata" accusing them of spying.[115]
  • On 17 April 2021, the Czech Republic expelled 18 Russian diplomats suspected of being spies after an investigation by Czech intelligence and security services concluded that the Russian military intelligence service GRU's Unit 29155 was involved in the 2014 Vrbětice ammunition warehouses explosions.[116] On 18 April, Russia retaliated by expelling 20 Czech diplomats.[117] In response, Slovakia expelled three Russian diplomats to express solidarity with the Czech Republic.[118] On 22 April, the Czech Foreign Minister Jakub Kulhánek demanded the withdrawal of 63 Russian embassy employees to match the number of remaining staff at the Czech Embassy in Moscow.[119]
  • On May 19, 2021, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken declared former Albanian prime minister Sali Berisha persona non grata for "involvement in significant corruption".[120] Berisha has disputed the allegations.[121]
  • On 23 October 2021, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan declared the ambassadors of ten Western countries including the United States, Germany, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden persona non grata for advocating for the release of the imprisoned businessman and philanthropist Osman Kavala.[122] On 25 October, Erdoğan reversed his threat to expel the ten ambassadors following criticism from opposition leaders, stating that the diplomats had fulfilled their commitment to Article 41 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and would be more careful in their future statements.[123][124]
  • On 28 February 2022, The United States expelled 12 Russian diplomats at the United Nations over national security concerns. The issue was raised during a UN security council meeting in relation to the Russian invasion of Ukraine four days prior.[125]
  • On 4 March 2022, Montenegro declared a Russian diplomat persona non grata for their activities in contravention of the Vienna convention. No further elaboration was given. Montenegro had recently joined other nations in implementing sanctions against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine.[126]
  • On 18 March 2022, Bulgaria expelled 10 Russian diplomats. On the same day, Lithuania also expelled 4 Russian diplomats, and Estonia and Latvia each expelled 3.[127]
  • On 23 March 2022, Russia declared an unspecified number of American diplomats personae non gratae in retaliation for the expulsion of 12 Russian diplomats from the U.S. in February.[128]
  • On 29 March 2022, Belgium expelled 21, the Netherlands 17 and Ireland 4 Russian diplomats[129] [130]
  • On 4 April 2022, Lithuania declared the Russian Ambassador persona non grata.[131]
  • On 5 April 2022, the EU declared 19 members of the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the EU in Brussels personae non gratae for engaging in activities contrary to their diplomatic status.[132]
  • On 5 April 2022, Estonia expelled a further 14 Russians, including 7 with diplomatic status.[133]
  • On 5 April 2022, Portugal declared ten Russian officials personae non gratae,[134] as did Romania (10), Italy (30), Denmark (15), Sweden (3), Germany (40), Poland (45) and Slovakia (35).[135] TASS reported that 329 Russian diplomats had been expelled since the Special Operation (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) on 24 February 2022.[136]
  • On 6 April 2022, Greece expelled 12 Russian diplomats and Norway 3.[137]
  • On 7 April 2022, Austria declares 3 Russian diplomats persona non grata.[138]
  • On 7 April 2022, Russia declared 2 diplomats from Eire persona non grata following Ireland expelling 4 Russian diplomates in March 2022.[139]
  • On 8 April 2022, Japan expelled 8 Russian diplomats, following which Russia expelled a similar number of Japanese diplomats.[140]
  • On 15 April 2022, Russia declared 18 members of the EU mission persona non grata in a retaliatory move.[141]
  • On 19 April 2022, Russia declared 12 Belgian and 15 diplomats from the Netherlands persona non grata.[142]
  • On 25 April 2022, Croatia expelled 24 Russian diplomats.[143]
  • On 19 May 2022, Russia expelled diplomats from France (34), Spain (27), Italy (24) and Finland (2) in retaliation.[144]
  • On 27 May 2022, Russia expelled 5 diplomats from Croatia.[145]
  • On 26 June 2022, Russia expelled 8 diplomats from Greece.[146]
  • On 28 June 2022, Bulgaria declared 70 Russian diplomats persona non grata.[147]
  • On 5 August 2022, Russia declared 14 Bulgarian consular and embassy staff persona non grata in retaliation for the June expulsion of Russian diplomats.[147]
  • On 12 August 2022, Montenegro declared a Russian diplomat persona non grata due to an activity contravening Article 9 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.[148]
  • On 22 August 2022, Romania declared a Russian embassy staff member persona non grata.[149]
  • On 8 September 2022, Russia expelled a Romanian diplomat following Romania expelling a Russian diplomat.[150]
  • On 26 September 2022, Russia declared a diplomat of Japan's embassy persona non grata after trying to buy information.[151]
  • On 28 September 2022, the Nicaraguan representative to the EU was declared persona non grata following Nicaragua declaring the EU representative persona non grata. [152]
  • On 29 September 2022, Montenegro declared a further 6 Russian diplomats persona non grata following police raids investigating espionage.[153]
  • On 3 October 2022, Lithuania expelled Russia’s acting chargé d'affaires.[154]
  • On 4 October 2022, Japan asked a Russian diplomat to leave the country.[155]
  • On 31 October 2022, Moldova declared a Russian diplomat persona non grata following a Russian missile, aimed at Ukraine, crashing in Moldova.[156]
  • On 1 November 2022, Russia declared an employee of Moldovan embassy persona non grata.[157]
  • On 1 December 2022, Lithuania expelled a Russian embassy employee.[158]
  • On 23 December 2022, Burkina Faso expelled UN official Barbara Manzi. Not in accordance with persona-non-grata as UN treaty states it does not apply to United Nations officials.[159][160]
  • On 28 December 2022, Russia expelled a Lithuanian embassy staff member.[161]
  • On 23 January 2023, Russia expelled the Estonian ambassador, followed by Estonia following suit with the Russian ambassador and ordering Russia to reduce its staff numbers.[162]
  • On 24 January 2023, Latvia recalled its ambassador to Russia and declared the Russian ambassador to Latvia persona non grata.[163]
  • On 26 January 2023, Peru declared Bolivian ex-President Evo Morales "persona non grata" as it deemed that he makes statements and comments reflecting interference in Peru's domestic affairs.
  • On 2 February 2023 Austria declared 4 Russian diplomats persona non grata accusing them of “acts incompatible with their diplomatic status.”[164]
  • On 16 February 2023 Russia retaliated by declaring 4 Austrian diplomats persona non grata, Russia made it clear that the measure was purely politically motivated.[165]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Harold Tittmann, Inside the Vatican of Pius XI, p. 32, Image book, Doubleday, 2004.
  2. ↑ Schmemann, Serge. "Kurt Waldheim". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Kennan, George F. (1967), Memoirs: 1925–1950, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, OCLC 484922. 152
  4. ↑ "Snub snaps U.S. ties with Equatorial Guinea". Lawrence Journal-World. March 15, 1976. Archived from the original on February 22, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2014. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ "The Cold War International History Project / The National Security Archive / The Middle East Program — Participant Biographies" (PDF). wilsoncenter.org. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 16, 2019. Retrieved March 12, 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Jaggi, Maya (March 16, 2002). "Fiction and hyper-reality". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 7, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016. During Fujimori's first two years I was very discreet," he says. "But I've been against dictatorships all my life. My situation became very difficult: I was persona non grata in Peru, discredited and insulted in the official press — Fujimori controlled everything. It was difficult because I couldn't respond. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Daly, Emma (August 8, 1995). "Flight from Croatia: Refugee column hit from the air". BNET. Archived from the original on August 14, 2013. Retrieved January 1, 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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  146. ↑ "Russia expels 8 Greek diplomats". Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  147. ↑ 147.0 147.1 "Russia declares 14 Bulgarian diplomatic staff persona non grata". Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  148. ↑ "Montenegro declares Russian diplomat persona non grata". Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  149. ↑ "Romania expels Russian diplomat, Moscow warns of similar response". Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  150. ↑ "Russia Expels Romanian Diplomat In Response To 'Unfriendly' State". Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  151. ↑ "Russia declares Japanese consul persona non grata over alleged spying". Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  152. ↑ "Nicaragua: head of mission to the EU declared persona non grata". Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  153. ↑ "Montenegro declares 6 Russian diplomats persona non grata". Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  154. ↑ "Lithuania expels Russia's chargé d'affaires over undiplomatic conduct". Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  155. ↑ "In tit for tat, Japan asks Russian diplomat to leave country". Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  156. ↑ "Russian diplomat expelled from Moldova after missile incident". 31 October 2022. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  157. ↑ "Russian Foreign Ministry expels employee of Moldovan Embassy in Moscow". Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  158. ↑ "Lithuania expels Russian embassy employee". Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  159. ↑ "Burkina Faso government expels senior U.N. official". Archived from the original on 2023-01-05. Retrieved 5 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  160. ↑ "Burkina Faso Transitional Government's Persona Non Grata Designation for Resident Coordinator Does Not Apply to United Nations Officials, Secretary-General Says". Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  161. ↑ "Russia expells Lithuanian diplomat in tit-for-tat move". Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  162. ↑ "Russia, Estonia expel ambassadors amid 'destroyed' relations". 23 January 2023. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  163. ↑ "Russia pledges to 'react harshly' to Latvia's decision to downgrade diplomatic ties". Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  164. ↑ "Austria expels 4 Russian diplomats". Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  165. ↑ "Moscow Expels Four Austrian Diplomats from Russia". Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

External links[edit]


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