2009
From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki
- Air France Flight 447 crashes in the Atlantic Ocean, killing 228;
- Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States;
- Protests erupt over the 2009 Iranian presidential election;
- US Airways Flight 1549 crash-lands in the Hudson River with no fatalities, with the event becoming known as the "Miracle on the Hudson";
- The "King of Pop" Michael Jackson dies by acute propofol intoxication;
- Bitcoin is initially launched by the pseudonymous name Satoshi Nakamoto;
- An earthquake strikes central Italy, killing 308;
- The H1N1 virus is responsible for the swine flu pandemic.
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2009 (MMIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2009th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 9th year of the 3rd millennium, the 9th year of the 21st century, and the 10th and last year of the 2000s decade.
2009 was designated as the International Year of Astronomy[1][2] by the United Nations to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's first known astronomical studies with a telescope and the publication of Astronomia Nova by Johannes Kepler.[3] It was also declared as the International Year of Natural Fibres[4] by the United Nations General Assembly, as well as the International Year of Reconciliation and the Year of the Gorilla (UNEP and UNESCO).[5]
Population
The world population on January 1, 2009, was estimated to be 6.888 billion people and increased to 6.977 billion people by January 1, 2010.[6] An estimated 143.0 million births and 54.1 million deaths took place in 2009.[6] The average global life expectancy was 69.7 years, an increase of 0.4 years from 2008.[6] The estimated number of global refugees decreased from 10.5 million to 10.4 million by the end of the year.[7] The largest sources of refugees were Afghanistan with 2.9 million people and Iraq with 1.8 million people.[8]
Conflicts
There were 36 conflicts in 2009 that resulted in at least 25 fatalities, six of which resulted in at least 1,000 fatalities: the Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan, the Iraqi insurgency, the insurgency by the Pakistani Taliban, the conflict against the FDLR in Rwanda, Eelam War IV in Sri Lanka, and the Somali Civil War.[9] All conflicts in 2009 were intrastate conflicts that involved violent non-state actors.[10]
Several new conflicts began against rebel groups in 2009. The CPJP reignited conflict in the Central African Bush War, a faction of the NDFB broke a 2004 ceasefire with India in the Bodoland region, and a conflict broke out between Myanmar and the MNDAA when the government forced the MNDAA out of the Kokang. Boko Haram launched an insurgency in Nigeria, which was paused when its leader Mohammed Yusuf was killed.[11]
Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) resumed conflict against the FDLR when they launched Operation Umoja Wetu in January. The DRC and a United Nations mission launched Operation Kimia II against the FDLR in March after the group regained its strength. Conflict also resumed in Angola against the Forรงas Armadas de Cabinda, and al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula formed in Yemen to expand al-Qaeda's insurgency in the country.[12] Bombings continued during the Iraqi insurgency, including a series of attacks in Baghdad that killed over 100 people in December. The Maersk Alabama was hijacked by Somali pirates in April, prompting a rescue operation by the United States Navy.[13]
The Ihussi Accord ended conflict between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the CNDP within the broader Kivu conflict. This was the only peace agreement reached in 2009.[10] Eelam War IV, the final stage in the Sri Lankan civil war, ended in May when the Sri Lankan government defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. It remained the deadliest conflict of the year.[14]
Culture
The highest-grossing film globally in 2009 was Avatar, followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs.[15] The best-selling album globally in 2009 was I Dreamed a Dream by Susan Boyle, followed by The E.N.D. by the Black Eyed Peas and This Is It by Michael Jackson.[16]
Economy
The global economy began a slow recovery from its economic recession in late 2009 following a severe economic crisis the previous year.[17] Gross world product shrank by 2.2% in 2009, which marked its first contraction since World War II.[17] Unemployment increased and inflation decreased throughout the world.[18]
Environment and weather
The year 2009 tied with 2006 as the fifth hottest year on record. It began in a La Niรฑa period which ran until April, and was followed by El Niรฑo from June through the end of the year. In January, a heat wave in southern Australia caused record-breaking temperatures while extreme cold occurred in northern and eastern Europe. A cold wave took place in Canada and the midwestern United States in July.[19]
Central Europe faced severe floods following heavy rain in June,[19] while major floods occurred in Turkey in September[13] in Italy and India in October.[19] A magnitude 6.3 earthquake in Italy killed approximately 300 people in April, and a magnitude 7.5 earthquake in Indonesia killed approximately 1,100 people in September.[20] An earthquake in the Pacific caused a major tsunami that struck American Samoa, Samoa, and Tonga.[13]
The 2009 Atlantic hurricane season had nine named storms, including three hurricanes: Hurricane Bill, Hurricane Fred, and Hurricane Ida.[21] This was the smallest number of named storms since the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season.[22] The 2009 Pacific typhoon season was slightly below average in intensity overall, but it was the most destructive season for the Philippines in decades. The season had 25 named storms, including 14 typhoons.[23] The most intense were Typhoon Nida, Typhoon Melor, Typhoon Choi-wan, Typhoon Lupit, and Typhoon Parma.[24]
Health
A swine flu pandemic caused by the H1N1 virus was the primary public health concern of 2009.[25]
Politics and law
The 2009 G20 summit took place in London and was met with major protests.[13]
American journalists Euna Lee and Laura Ling were arrested by North Korea in March after being accused of crossing the ChinaโNorth Korea border, and they were released in August.[13]
Events
January
- January 1
- Japan, Mexico, Turkey and Uganda assume their seats on the United Nations Security Council.
- Asunciรณn, the capital of Paraguay, becomes the American Capital of Culture and Vilnius and Linz become the European Capitals of Culture.
- Slovakia adopts the euro as its national currency, replacing the Slovak koruna.[26]
- A Bay Area Rapid Transit police officer shoots and kills Oscar Grant, an unarmed black man, at Fruitvale station in Oakland, United States. The event becomes one of the inciting incidents for the global Black Lives Matter movement.[27]
- January 3 โ The first ("Genesis") block of the blockchain of the cryptocurrency and decentralized payment system Bitcoin is established by the creator of the system, known as Satoshi Nakamoto.[28]
- January 15 โ US Airways Flight 1549 ditches in the Hudson River in an accident that becomes known as the "Miracle on the Hudson", as all 155 people on board are rescued.
- January 18 โ Gaza War: Hamas announces that they will accept the Israel Defense Forces offer of a ceasefire, ending the conflict.
- January 20 โ Barack Obama is sworn in as the 44th President of the United States, becoming the first African-American to hold the office.[29]
- January 21
- Israel withdraws from the Gaza Strip, officially ending its three-week war with Hamas.[30] However, intermittent air strikes by both sides continue in the following weeks.[31][32][33]
- Virginia Tech student Zhu Haiyang decapitates Yang Xin in the first campus murder since the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007.[34]
- January 26
- The first trial at the International Criminal Court opens. Former Union of Congolese Patriots leader Thomas Lubanga Dyilo is accused of training child soldiers to kill, pillage and rape.[35]
- The Icelandic government and banking system collapse. Prime Minister Geir Haarde immediately resigns.[36]
- An annular solar eclipse takes place over the Indian Ocean, the 50th solar eclipse of Saros cycle 131.
- January 28 โ WikiLeaks releases 86 intercepted telephone recordings of politicians and businessmen involved in the 2008 Peru oil scandal.[37]
- January 31 โ Tifรฉret Israel Synagogue attack, profanation of the oldest synagogue in Caracas, Venezuela.[38]
February
- February 1
- Patriarch Kirill of Moscow is enthroned as the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church following the death of his predecessor, Alexy II in 2008.[39]
- Jรณhanna Sigurรฐardรณttir is appointed as the new Prime Minister of Iceland, becoming the world's first openly lesbian head of government.[40]
- February 7 โ Bushfires in Victoria leave 173 dead in the worst natural disaster in Australia's history.[41]
- February 8 โ 2009 Liechtenstein general election: The Patriotic Union led by Klaus Tschรผtscher wins a majority of 13 seats in the Landtag.[42]
- February 12 โ Colgan Air Flight 3407 crashes in Clarence Center, New York while on final approach to Buffalo Niagara International Airport, killing all 49 people on board the aircraft as well as one person on the ground.
- February 13 โ At 23:31:30 UTC, the decimal representation of Unix time reached 1234567890 seconds. Celebrations were held around the world, among various technical subcultures, to celebrate the 1234567890th second.[43]
- February 25 โ Soldiers of Bangladeshi border security force Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) mutiny and take the commanding army officers and their families hostages at the force's headquarters in Pilkhana, Dhaka. 57 army officers are killed along with 17 civilians by the mutineers.
- February 26 โ Former Serbian president Milan Milutinoviฤ is acquitted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia regarding war crimes during the Kosovo War.[44]
March
- March 2 โ The President of Guinea-Bissau, Joรฃo Bernardo Vieira, is assassinated during an armed attack on his residence in Bissau.[45]
- March 4 โ The International Criminal Court issues an arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur. al-Bashir is the first sitting head of state to be indicted by the ICC since its establishment in 2002.[46]
- March 5 - Michael Jackson announces his This Is It concert residency in London, England. However, a fortnight before the concerts were supposed to begin, Jackson died at the age of 50 from acute propofol intoxication.
- March 7 โ NASA's Kepler Mission, a space photometer that will search for extrasolar planets in the Milky Way galaxy, is launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, USA.
- March 17 โ The President of Madagascar, Marc Ravalomanana, is overthrown in a coup d'รฉtat, following a month of unrest in Antananarivo.[47]
- March 23 โ A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 operated by FedEx suffers a bounced landing at Narita international airport resulting in the loss of 2 lives.
- March 31 โ Rachel Crandall Crocker founds the International Transgender Day of Visibility.
April
- April 1 โ Albania and Croatia join NATO.[48]
- April 5 โ North Korea launches a rocket from its Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground, which it says is carrying the Kwangmyลngsลng-2 satellite, prompting an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council.[49]
- April 6 โ A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L'Aquila, Italy, killing 308 and injuring more than 1,500.[50]
- April 7 โ April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests: four people died and 270 were injured.
- April 8 - April 12 โ Maersk Alabama Hijacking occurs, the ship being taken over by Somali pirates off the coast of Somalia.[51]
- April 21 โ UNESCO launches The World Digital Library.[52]
May
- May 11โ24 โ Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched to refurbish the Hubble Space Telescope on May 11, landing at Edwards Air Force Base May 24.[53]
- May 12โ16 โ The Eurovision Song Contest 2009 takes place in Moscow, Russia, and is won by Norwegian entrant Alexander Rybak with the song "Fairytale".
- May 15
- FranceโPakistan Atomic Energy Framework bilateral energy treaty is signed.[54]
- The album 21st Century Breakdown is released by American rock band Green Day, which sold over 5 million copies.
- May 17 โ Video game Minecraft, the best-selling video game of all time, is first released to the public.
- May 18 โ Following more than 25 years of fighting, the Sri Lankan Civil War ends with the total military defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.[55]
- May 19 โ German football club RB Leipzig is founded by Red Bull.[56]
- May 22 โ Metalworkers at a Ssangyong Motor factory in Pyeongtaek, South Korea begin a 77-day strike.[57][58][59]
- May 25 โ North Korea announces that it has conducted a second successful nuclear test in North Hamgyong Province. The United Nations Security Council condemns the reported test.[60]
- May 27 - AT&T Stadium, home of the NFLโs Dallas Cowboys, opens to the public
June
- June 1 โ Air France Flight 447, en route from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 228 on board.
- June 11 โ The outbreak of the H1N1 influenza strain, commonly referred to as "swine flu", is deemed a global pandemic.[61]
- June 12 โ Analog television ends in the United States as part of the digital television transition.
- June 13 โ Mass protests erupt across Iran following a disputed presidential election in which Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was reelected president, the largest demonstrations in the country since the Iranian Revolution.[62]
- June 18 โ NASA launches the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter / LCROSS probes to the Moon, the first American lunar mission since Lunar Prospector in 1998.[63]
- June 19 โ War in Afghanistan: British forces began Operation Panther's Claw, in which more than 350 troops made an aerial assault on Taliban positions in southern Afghanistan.
- June 21 โ Greenland gains self-rule.
- June 22 โ June 2009 Washington Metro train collision, 9 people were killed and 80 people were injured when a Red Line (Washington Metro) train rear ended another train between Takoma and Fort Totten stations, this resulted in the worst train crash in DC Metro's history.[64]
- June 25 โ The death of American pop star Michael Jackson triggers an outpouring of worldwide grief. Online, reactions to the event cripple several major websites and services, as the abundance of people accessing the web addresses pushes internet traffic to unprecedented and historic levels.[65]
- June 28 โ The Military of Honduras ousts Honduran President Manuel Zelaya in a coup d'รฉtat,[66] condemned by OAS.[67]
- June 29 โ Viareggio train derailment occurred when a freight train carrying liquified petroleum gas derailed at Viareggio railway station in Lucca, Italy. The accident killed 32 people and injured 26 people.[68]
- June 30 โ Yemenia Flight 626 crashes off the coast of Moroni, Comoros, killing all but one of the 153 passengers and crew.[69]
July
- July 4 โ Steve McNair, former NFL quarterback for the Tennessee Titans, is shot and killed by his girlfriend in Nashville, Tennessee.
- July 5 โ Violent riots broke out in รrรผmqi, Xinjiang. PRC officials said that a total of 197 people died. Two monorails of the Walt Disney World Monorail System collided at the Transportation & Ticket Center in Bay Lake, Florida, United States, killing one pilot and injuring seven others.
- July 7 โ A public memorial service for Michael Jackson is held at Staples Center. It is watched by over 2.5 billion people worldwide.
- July 15 โ Caspian Airlines Flight 7908, en route from Tehran, Iran, to Yerevan, Armenia crashes into the Jannatabad village in Qazvin Province; killing all 168 on board.
- July 16 โ Iceland's national parliament, the Althingi, votes to pursue joining the EU.[70]
- July 17 โ Two bombs exploded separately at the JW Marriott and Ritz-Carlton Hotels in Jakarta, Indonesia, killing 9 people (including 2 suicide bombers) and injuring 53.[71]
- July 19 โ Amateur astronomer Anthony Wesley is the first to report that a new dark spot has developed on the planet Jupiter.[72] This event would come to be known as the 2009 Jupiter impact event.
- July 22 โ The longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century, lasting up to 6 minutes and 38.86 seconds (0.14 seconds shorter than 6 minutes and 39 seconds), occurs over parts of Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
- July 26 โ The Islamic extremist group Boko Haram initiates an uprising in Bauchi State, Nigeria and quickly spreads throughout the northern part of the country.[73]
August
- August 1 โ Former President of the Philippines Corazon Aquino dies at the age of 76 of cardiopulmonary arrest after complications of colon cancer. A memorial service and funeral is scheduled for August 5. (Philippine Daily Inquirer)
- August 3 โ Bolivia becomes the first South American country to declare the right of indigenous people to govern themselves.[74]
- August 6 โ The metalworkers' union at the Ssangyong Motor plant in Pyeongtaek agrees to end the 77-day strike, after a police raid via helicopters leads to several deaths and arrests.[57][58][59]
- August 7 โ Typhoon Morakot hits Taiwan, killing 673 and stranding more than 1,000 via the worst flooding on the island in half a century.[75]
- August 8 โ A small plane and a tour helicopter collide over the Hudson River in the United States. (CNN)
- August 14 โ The United Kingdom imposes direct rule on the Turks and Caicos Islands after an inquiry that found evidence of government corruption.[76]
- August 30 โ At least five people are killed and 275 injured in a train crash near Yaoundรฉ, Cameroon. (BBC) (Press TV)
September
- September 2 โ 2009 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister helicopter crash. A helicopter carrying Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy went missing in the Nallamala Forest area. It was later confirmed to have crashed with all five people including Reddy pronounced dead.
- September 9 โ The Dubai Metro, the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula, officials opens.
- September 21 โ China becomes the first country to succeed a completed clinical trial by a company for the 2009/H1N1 vaccine in the world during the swine flu pandemic.
- September 22 โ WikiLeaks exposes the contents of Kaupthing Bank's internal documents prior to the Icelandic Financial Crisis. These documents showed suspicious amounts of money were loaned to bank owners, and debts being written off.[77]
- September 23 โ Korba chimney collapse: At least 45 workers are killed when lightning strikes a chimney under construction in Korba, Chhattisgarh, India, causing it to collapse.[78]
- September 26 โ Typhoon Ketsana, PAGASA Name: Ondoy, makes landfall in The Philippines, killing hundreds in Metro Manila and flooding in Huแบฟ, Vietnam.
- September 28 โ At least 157 demonstrators are massacred by the Guinean military at the Stade du 28 Septembre during a protest against the government that came to power in a coup d'รฉtat the previous year.[79]
- September 29 โ A 8.1 Mw earthquake strikes Samoa, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong), leaving at least 192 people dead.[80]
- September 30 โ A 7.6 Mw earthquake strikes Sumatra, Indonesia, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving at least 1,115 people dead.[81]
October
- October 1 โ Paleontologists announce the discovery of an Ardipithecus ramidus fossil skeleton, deeming it the oldest remains of a human ancestor yet found.[82]
- October 2
- Ireland holds a second referendum on the EU's Lisbon Treaty. The amendment is approved by the Irish electorate,[83][84][85][86][87] having been rejected in the Lisbon I referendum held last year.
- The International Olympic Committee awards Rio de Janeiro the right to host the 2016 Summer Olympics.[88]
- October 15 โ It is revealed the company Trafigura has been using a super-injunction to stop The Guardian from reporting about the 2006 Cรดte d'Ivoire toxic dumping incident, which Trafigura was responsible for.[89]
- October 18 โ British racing driver Jenson Button won his first Formula One World Championship, driving for Brawn GP at the Brazilian Grand Prix.[90]
- October 20
- Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is inaugurated for a second term as President of Indonesia.
- WikiLeaks leaked the membership listing of a radical political group known as the British National Party.[91]
- October 22 โ Microsoft releases Windows 7 to all computers and laptops, including an edition for ATMs.[92]
- October 23 โ The 2009 Cataรฑo oil refinery fire began after an explosion at the refinery in Bayamรณn, Puerto Rico.[93]
- October 24 โ The 2009 El Ayyat railway accident occurred in Giza, Egypt, when a passenger train derailed due to stoppage of animals on the train tracks. 50 people were killed and 30 people were injured.[94]
- October 25 โ Two suicide attacks in Baghdad, Iraq, kill 155 people and injure at least 721 people.[95]
November
- November 3
- The Czech Republic becomes the final member-state of the European Union to sign the Treaty of Lisbon, thereby permitting that document's initiation into European law.[96]
- The Prime Minister of Belgium, Herman Van Rompuy, is designated the first permanent President of the European Council,[97] a position he takes up on December 1, 2009.[98][99][100]
- November 5 โ Fourteen people are killed during the 2009 Fort Hood shooting.[101]
- November 10 โ Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 was released.[102]
- November 13 โ Having analyzed the data from the LCROSS lunar impact, NASA announces that it has found a "significant" quantity of water in the Moon's Cabeus crater.[103][104]
- November 23 โ In the Philippines, at least 58 people are abducted and killed in the province of Maguindanao, in what the Committee to Protect Journalists called the single deadliest attack on journalists in history.[105]
- November 24 – The Avdhela Project, an Aromanian digital library and cultural initiative, is founded in Bucharest, Romania.[106]
December
- December 1 โ The Treaty of Lisbon comes into force.[107]
- December 5 โ Fire at the Lame Horse nightclub in Perm, Russia kills 156 people. The nightclub owner was sentenced to nearly ten years in prison.[108]
- December 7โ18 โ The UNFCCC's 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference is held in Copenhagen, Denmark.[109]
- December 8 โ A series of attacks in Baghdad, Iraq kill at least 127 people and injure at least 448 more.[110]
- December 15 โ First flight of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
- December 16 โ Astronomers discover GJ 1214 b, the first-known exoplanet on which water could exist.[111]
- December 22 โ Serbia applies for membership to the European Union.[112]
- December 25 โ A terrorist attempts to bomb Northwest Airlines Flight 253 en route from Amsterdam to Detroit.[113]
Births and deaths
Nobel Prizes
- Chemistry โ Ada Yonath, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, and Thomas A. Steitz[114]
- Economics โ Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E. Williamson[115]
- Literature โ Herta Mรผller
- Peace โ Barack Obama
- Physics โ Charles K. Kao, Willard Boyle, and George E. Smith[116]
- Physiology or Medicine โ Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, and Jack W. Szostak[117]
References
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|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Albania, Croatia become NATO members". msnbc.com. 2009-04-01. Archived from the original on January 9, 2015. Retrieved 2017-01-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "U.N. Security Council to meet on N. Korea launch". CNN. April 5, 2009. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "BBC: Italian rescuers work into night". BBC News. April 7, 2009. Archived from the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2010. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Somali pirates hijack Maersk Alabama ship | April 8, 2009". HISTORY. 2020-04-01. Archived from the original on December 9, 2025. Retrieved 2025-12-25. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "U.N. Launches Library Of World's Knowledge". The Washington Post. April 21, 2009. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "NASA โ STS-125". www.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on June 15, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Staff reports (15 May 2009). "Pakistan in 'French nuclear deal'". BBC Pakistan, 2009. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ C. Bryson Hull and Ranga Sirilal. "Sri Lanka's long war reaches end, Tigers defeated". Archived from the original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "From the fifth division to the UEFA Champions League semi-finals in 11 years: the history of RB Leipzig". www.bundesliga.com. Archived from the original on October 23, 2022. Retrieved 2025-03-09. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ 57.0 57.1 "Ssangyong Motors workers on strike in South Korea". The Guardian. August 4, 2009. Retrieved October 12, 2026.
- โ 58.0 58.1 Ki-hoon, Moon (September 30, 2026). "The strike that inspired 'Possible Love'". The Korea Herald. Retrieved October 12, 2026.
- โ 59.0 59.1 Sang-Hun, Choe (August 6, 2009), Workers End Standoff at South Korean Auto Plant, ISSN 0362-4331, retrieved October 12, 2026
- โ "UN Security Council Condemns North Korea Nuclear Test (Update1)". Bloomberg. May 25, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
- โ "World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on July 1, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Police in Iran beat protesters after huge Ahmadinejad win". McClatchy. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "LCROSS - NASA Science". 2017-12-06. Archived from the original on March 11, 2025. Retrieved 2025-03-09. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "10 Years Later: Metro Crash That Killed Nine Was an 'Unbelievable Nightmare'". June 20, 2019. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Jackson dies, almost takes Internet with him". CNN. June 26, 2009. Archived from the original on December 25, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Honduran leader forced into exile". BBC News. June 28, 2009. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2010. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "OAS condemns Honduras coup, demands return of Zelaya". World Bulletin. Reuters. Archived from the original on July 2, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Pidd, Helen (June 30, 2009). "Train carrying liquid gas explodes in Italy killing 12". TheGuardian.com. Archived from the original on October 24, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2023. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Girl survives Yemen plane crash". BBC News. July 1, 2009. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Helgason, Gudjon; Meera Selva (July 16, 2009). "Iceland's parliament votes to join EU". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on July 28, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Onishi, Norimitsu (July 17, 2009). "Indonesia Bombings Signal Militants' Resilience". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved June 22, 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "The Jupiter Impact". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 2025-07-14.
- โ Abegunrin, Olayiwola (2014). Africa in the New World Order: Peace and Security Challenges in the Twenty-First Century. Lexington. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-7391-9352-5. Search this book on
- โ "Evo inicia la implementaciรณn de la autonomรญa indรญgena con fiesta". La Razรณn. August 3, 2009. Archived from the original on August 7, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. - โ Foster, Peter (August 16, 2009). "Taiwan president under fire for go it alone handling of typhoon accepts US aid". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "UK imposes Turks and Caicos rule". BBC News. 2009-08-14. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved 2009-08-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Miklar hreyfingar rรฉtt fyrir hrun | Rรญkisรบtvarpiรฐ vefur". 2011-08-09. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- โ Kaiser, Ejaz (11 January 2010). "Balco chimney mishap: Three Chinese officials arrested in Korba". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 25 July 2021. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Nossiter, Adam (2009-09-29). "Guinea's Capital Fades Into a Ghost Town After Soldiers' Rampage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved 2017-01-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Samoa quake 'triggered tsunami'". BBC News. Archived from the original on February 23, 2021. Retrieved 2006-09-28. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Indonesia quake deaths pass 1,000". BBC News. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved 2017-01-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Hanson, Brooks (2009-10-02). "Light on the Origin of Man". Science. 326 (5949): 60โ61. doi:10.1126/science.326.5949.60-a. ISSN 0036-8075.
- โ "67% vote Yes to Lisbon Treaty". RTร News. October 3, 2009. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved October 3, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Results received at the Central Count Centre for the Referendum on Treaty of Lisbon 2009". Archived from the original on October 4, 2009. Retrieved October 3, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Irish Ayes on Lisbon Treaty Have Europe Smiling". Time. October 4, 2009. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Lisbon II referendum set for 2 October". RTร News. July 8, 2009. Archived from the original on September 13, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Irish treaty vote set for October". BBC News. July 8, 2009. Archived from the original on July 11, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games". BBC News. October 2, 2009. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2017. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Censorship, Index on (2009-10-14). "A gag too far". Index on Censorship. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-12. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Jenson Button wins Formula One title after dramatic Brazilian grand prix". theguardian.com. October 18, 2009. Archived from the original on October 21, 2009. Retrieved April 17, 2025. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "BNP membership list appears on Wikileaks". the Guardian. 2009-10-20. Archived from the original on September 30, 2013. Retrieved 2021-03-12. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ LeBlanc, Brandon. "Windows 7 Has Been Released to Manufacturing". Windows Team Blog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014.
- โ "Evacuation from Puerto Rico fire". BBC News. 2009-10-24. Archived from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-18. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Train collision kills at least 15 in Egypt". Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2023. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "BBC NEWS | Middle East | Baghdad bomb fatalities pass 150". news.bbc.co.uk. October 26, 2009. Archived from the original on February 6, 2020. Retrieved 2017-01-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "CCN.com". CNN. November 3, 2009. Archived from the original on March 29, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2010. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Richardson, Miranda; Thomas, Philip (20 November 2009). "Tony Blair Has Dropped Out Of The Race To Be EU President As Herman Van Rompuy Gets The Nod โ World News". Sky News. Archived from the original on November 22, 2009. Retrieved November 20, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Europa.eu". Consilium.europa.eu. Archived from the original on November 25, 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-23. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Webcast: One week to go until crucial summit โ Swedish Presidency of the European Union". Archived from the original on November 15, 2009. Retrieved November 20, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ The Treaty of Lisbon entered into force on December 1, 2009, the six-month rotating presidency of the European Council ceased to exist (as the provision for its existence has been erased from the Treaties in force), and the new office of President of the European Council came into being. The appointment of Herman van Rompuy as President of the European Council became effective on the date of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. Also, article 6 of the Protocol on transitional provisions annexed to the Treaty of Lisbon provided that on the date of the entry into force of the Treaty, the terms of office of the High Representative for the common foreign and security policy and of the Deputy Secretary General of the Council ceased, with the Council electing a Secretary General. register.consilium.europa.eu Archived March 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- โ "Soldier Opens Fire at Ft. Hood; 13 Dead". CBS News. November 5, 2009. Archived from the original on November 8, 2009. Retrieved June 8, 2025.
Captain Isaac Taylor, a spokesman at Fort Hood, confirmed to CBS News early Friday morning that one additional victim had died of wounds sustained in the attack after hospitalization, raising the death toll to 13. At least 30 others were wounded, according to Taylor.
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Sterling, Jim (November 12, 2009). "Review: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2". Destructoid. Archived from the original on July 30, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2023. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "NASA's LCROSS Impacts Confirm Water in Lunar Crater" (Press release). NASA. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on November 15, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
Preliminary data from NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS, indicates the mission successfully uncovered water in a permanently shadowed lunar crater.
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "NASA finds 'significant' water on moon". CNN. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on November 16, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2016. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Papa, Alcuin. "Maguindanao massacre worst-ever for journalists". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 2, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Baiaศ, Ionuศ (22 November 2009). "Avdhela โ Biblioteca Culturii Aromรขne". HotNews (in romรขnฤ). Archived from the original on September 9, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "EU reform treaty passes last test". BBC News. November 3, 2009. Archived from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2010. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Owner jailed over deadly 2009 Russia nightclub fire". BBC News. 2013-04-30. Archived from the original on April 15, 2025. Retrieved 2025-03-09. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "COP15, United Nations Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen 2009. Dates put back 1 week due to previous clash with Muslim period of Ramadan". Cop15.dk. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2010. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Spencer, Richard (8 December 2009). "More than 120 killed in Baghdad bombings". Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved 2017-01-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "Waterworld planet six times the size of Earth discovered". The Telegraph. London. December 17, 2009. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2010. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Tran, Mark (2009-12-22). "Serbia makes formal application to join EU". The Guardian.
- โ O'Connor, Anahad; Schmitt, Eric (2009-12-25). "Terror Attempt Seen as Man Tries to Ignite Device on Jet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved 2019-12-25. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on October 10, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-07. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "All Laureates in Economic Sciences". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on August 31, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-23. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on October 8, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-06. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - โ Ritter, Malcolm (2009-10-05). "3 Americans share Nobel medicine prize". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 11, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-05. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)
Bibliography
- Berg, Robert J.; Avila, Lixion A. (2011). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2009". Monthly Weather Review. 139 (4): 1049โ1069. doi:10.1175/2010MWR3476.1. ISSN 0027-0644.
- "Year in World News: 2009". CBS News. December 14, 2009. Archived from the original on January 23, 2026. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - Harbom, Lotta; Wallensteen, Peter (2010). "Armed Conflicts, 1946-2009". Journal of Peace Research. 47 (4): 501โ509. doi:10.1177/0022343310376887. ISSN 0022-3433. JSTOR 20752204.
- Lea, Adam; Saunders, Mark (January 21, 2010). Summary of 2009 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Authors' Seasonal Forecasts (PDF). Tropical Storm Risk (Report). University College London. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 17, 2025. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - Annual 2009 Global Climate Report (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2009. Archived from the original on August 12, 2025. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - World Population Prospects 2024 (Report). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2024. Archived from the original on October 27, 2025. Retrieved August 31, 2025. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - World Economic Situation and Prospects 2010 (PDF) (Report). World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2010. doi:10.18356/abf233a2-en. ISBN 9789210557429.
- 2009 Global Trends (Report). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2010.
This article "2009" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
