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List of largest cities

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

"Largest city in the world" redirects here. For a timeline, see List of largest cities throughout history.

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Population tables
of world cities
Tokyo skyline

The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, their metropolitan regions, or the extent of their urban area. A complicating factor is that many large cities in the world have not only homeless or the unhoused, but also vast slum communities. This leads to official census data being less accurate in representing the actual number of residents in a given area.

Definitions

City proper (administrative unit)

Main article: City proper
Map
The municipality of Chongqing, China, whose administrative jurisdictional area is approximately the size of Austria, has the largest population of any city proper; however around 30% of its residents live in rural areas.

A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known as city proper. UNICEF defines city proper as, "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government.[1][2][3] Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.[4]

The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[4] Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly from the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities, and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the core urban area into suburban and rural areas.[5] The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which is the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, around 30% of its 30-million population are agricultural workers living in a rural setting.[6][7][8]

Metropolitan area

Main article: Metropolitan area
Tokyo, the world's third-largest city by metropolitan population.

A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, or labour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows:

A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).

In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either as a local administrative organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB).[9] In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), which manages Manila metropolitan area.[10] Similar agencies exist in Indonesia, such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area.[11]

Urban area

Main article: Urban area

A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, with relatively less regard to territorial or administrative boundaries. UNICEF defines urban area as follows:

The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).

According to Demographia, an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land.

List

For more variety of estimates, see Megacity § List of megacities.

There are 85 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2025 estimates by the United Nations.[12]

City[lower-alpha 1] Country UN 2025 population estimates[12] City proper[lower-alpha 2] Urban area[13] Metropolitan area[lower-alpha 3]
Definition Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2) 		Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2) 		Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2)
Jakarta Indonesia Indonesia 41,913,860 Special region 10,154,134 664 15,292
[14] 		33,756,000 3,546 9,519
[lower-alpha 4] 		33,430,285 7,063 4,733
[15]
Dhaka Bangladesh Bangladesh 36,585,479 Capital city 10,295,407 338 30,460
[16][17] 		19,134,000 619 30,911 36,585,479 2,570 14,236 [18]
Tokyo Japan Japan 33,412,512 Metropolis prefecture 13,515,271 2,191 6,169
[19] 		37,785,000 8,231 4,591
[lower-alpha 5] 		37,274,000 13,452 2,771
[20]
Delhi India India 30,222,405 National Capital Territory 16,753,235 1,484 11,289
[21] 		32,226,000 2,344 13,748
[lower-alpha 6] 		29,000,000 3,483 8,326
[22]
Shanghai China China 29,558,908 Municipality 24,870,895 6,341 3,922
[23][24] 		24,073,000 4,333 5,556
[lower-alpha 7] 		31,050,000 14,923 2,081
Guangzhou China China 27,563,372 City (sub-provincial) 18,676,605 7,434 2,512
[23] 		26,940,000 4,535 5,940
[lower-alpha 8] 		32,623,413 4,194 7,778
Cairo Egypt Egypt 25,566,102 Urban governorate 10,044,894 3,085 3,256
[25]
20,296,000 2,010 10,098 22,183,000 2,734 8,114
Manila Philippines Philippines 24,735,305 National Capital Region 15,531,900 636 24,421
[26] 		24,922,000 1,911 13,041
[lower-alpha 9] 		30,785,176 7,967 3,864
[26]
Kolkata India India 22,549,738 Municipal corporation 4,496,694 206 21,829
[27] 		21,747,000 1,352 16,085 15,333,000 1,887 8,126
[28]
Seoul South Korea South Korea 22,490,482 Special city 10,013,781 605 16,552
[29] 		23,016,000 2,769 8,312 25,514,000 11,704 2,180
[29]
Karachi Pakistan Pakistan 21,422,590 Metropolitan city 15,738,000 591 26,629
[30][31] 		20,249,000 1,124 18,015 20,249,000 1,124 18,015
[32][33]
Mumbai India India 20,203,056 Municipal corporation 12,478,447 603 20,694
[34] 		24,973,000 976 25,587
[lower-alpha 10] 		23,598,000 6,328 3,729
[35]
São Paulo Brazil Brazil 18,949,790 Municipality 12,252,023 1,521 8,055
[36] 		23,086,000 3,649 6,327
[lower-alpha 11] 		21,734,682 7,947 2,735
[37]
Bangkok Thailand Thailand 18,180,280 Special administrative area 8,305,218 1,569 5,293
[38] 		18,007,000 3,199 5,629 16,255,900 7,762 2,094
[39]
Mexico City Mexico Mexico 17,734,212 City-state 9,209,944 1,485 6,202
[40] 		21,804,000 2,530 8,618 21,804,515 7,866 2,772
[41]
Beijing China China 17,013,303 Municipality 21,893,095 16,411 1,334
[23][24] 		18,522,000 4,284 4,324 22,366,547 1,334 16,765
Lahore Pakistan Pakistan 15,156,430 Metropolitan city 13,004,135 1,772 7,339
[42] 		12,306,000 945 13,022 13,004,135 1,772 7,339
Istanbul Turkey Turkey 15,014,763 Metropolitan municipality 15,519,267 5,196 2,987
[43] 		14,441,000 1,471 9,817 15,701,602 5,343 2,939
Moscow Russia Russia 14,524,753 Federal city 13,200,000 2,511 5,257
[44][45] 		17,332,000 6,154 2,816 20,004,462
[46] 		N/A N/A
Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Vietnam 14,052,713 Municipality 7,431,000 2,061 3,606
[47] 		15,136,000 2,165 6,991 21,281,639 30,595 696
Buenos Aires Argentina Argentina 14,017,736 Autonomous city 3,054,300 203 15,046
[48] 		16,710,000 3,437 4,862 16,710,000 3,437 4,862 [49]
New York City United States United States 13,920,148 City 8,804,190 778 11,316
[50] 		21,509,000 13,318 1,615
[lower-alpha 12] 		23,143,097[51] 12,093 1,665
Shenzhen China China 13,878,396 City (sub-provincial) 17,494,398 2,050 8,534
[23] 		17,619,000 1,803 9,772 N/A N/A N/A
Bengaluru India India 13,187,098 Municipal corporation 8,443,675 709 11,909
[52] 		8,443,675 741 11,395 10,456,000 8,005 1,306
Osaka Japan Japan 12,964,145 Designated city 2,725,006 225 12,111
[19] 		15,126,000 3,020 5,009
[lower-alpha 13] 		19,303,000 13,228 1,459
[20]
Lagos Nigeria Nigeria 12,791,699 Metropolitan city N/A N/A N/A 16,637,000 1,966 8,462 21,000,000 1,171 17,933
[53]
Los Angeles United States United States 12,740,420 City 3,990,456 1,214 3,287
[50] 		15,204,000 6,351 2,394 18,372,485
[54] 		12,559 1,058
Chennai India India 11,153,205 Municipal corporation 6,727,000 426 15,791
[55][56] 		12,395,000 1,085 11,424 11,564,000 2,280 5,072
[57]
Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo DR Congo 10,943,641 City-province 17,071,000 9,965 1,713
[58] 		12,836,000 474 27,080 17,778,500 9,965 1,784
Bogotá Colombia Colombia 10,624,315 Capital District 7,963,000 1,587 5,018
[59] 		10,085,000 562 17,945 12,545,272 5,934 2,114
[60]
Lima Peru Peru 10,580,241 Metropolitan municipality 8,894,000 2,672 3,329
[61] 		10,320,000 891 11,582 9,569,468 2,819 3,395
[62]
London United Kingdom United Kingdom 10,416,420 Administrative area[lower-alpha 14] 8,825,001 1,572 5,614
[64] 		11,262,000 1,738 6,480 14,372,596
[65] 		8,382 1,715
Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brazil 9,500,336 Municipality 6,520,000 1,221 5,340
[66] 		12,592,000 2,020 6,234 12,644,321 5,327 2,374
[67]
Paris France France 9,381,921 Commune 2,148,271 105 20,460
[68] 		11,060,000 2,853 3,877 12,244,807 18,941 646
Hyderabad India India 9,190,795 Municipal corporation 6,993,262 650 10,759
[69][70] 		10,494,000 1,404 7,474 10,494,000 7,257 1,446
Tehran Iran Iran 9,174,964 Capital city 9,033,003 751 12,028
[71][72] 		14,148,000 1,704 8,303 14,557,000 2,235 6,513
Taipei Taiwan Taiwan 9,137,000 Special municipality 2,594,581 272 9,539
[73] 		9,866,000 1,090 9,051 7,034,084 2,457 2,863
Luanda Angola Angola 9,051,000 Municipality 2,165,867 116 18,671
[74] 		9,051,000 1,005 9,006 11,370,000 1,876 6,061
Bandung Indonesia Indonesia 8,909,104 City 2,528,160 167 15,176 7,203,000 487 14,791 9,143,808 3,458 2,644
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Malaysia 8,443,731 Capital city (Federal territory) 1,768,000 243 7,276
[75] 		8,911,000 2,163 4,120 7,200,000 2,793 2,578
[76]
Dar es Salaam Tanzania Tanzania 7,795,114 City 5,383,728 1,393 3,865
[77] 		7,962,000 961 8,285 10,599,999 1,599 6,629
Suzhou China China 7,731,101 Prefecture-level city 12,748,262 8,488 1,502
[23] 		6,031,000 1,386 4,351 12,748,252 12,493 1,020
Ahmedabad India India 7,632,408 Municipal corporation 5,570,585 464 12,006
[78] 		8,009,000 404 19,824 6,300,000
[79] 		N/A N/A
Hangzhou China China 7,500,208 City (sub-provincial) 11,936,010 16,596 719
[23] 		9,523,000 1,344 7,086 13,035,329 16,821 775
Wuhan China China 7,363,548 City (sub-provincial) 12,447,718 8,494 1,465
[23] 		12,447,718 1,722 7,229 13,739,000 8,494 1,617
Tianjin China China 7,285,342 Municipality 13,866,009 11,920 1,163
[23][24] 		10,368,000 2,813 3,686 N/A N/A N/A
Alexandria Egypt Egypt 7,266,957 Urban governorate 5,441,866 2,300 2,366[80] 4,712,000 293 16,082 N/A N/A N/A
Nagoya Japan Japan 7,146,160 Designated city 2,320,361 326 7,118
[19] 		9,197,000 3,704 2,483 9,363,000 7,271 1,288
[20]
Johannesburg South Africa South Africa 7,077,175 Metropolitan municipality 4,803,262 1,643 2,924[81] 14,586,000 4,040 3,610
[lower-alpha 15] 		N/A N/A N/A
Chongqing China China 7,071,073 Municipality 32,054,159 82,403 389
[82][24] 		12,135,000 1,580 7,680 32,054,159 82,403 389
Riyadh Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 6,916,417 Municipality 6,694,000 1,913 3,499
[83] 		7,237,000 1,673 4,326 N/A N/A N/A
Surat India India 6,908,925 Municipal corporation 4,466,826 327 13,660
[84] 		6,538,000 238 27,471 N/A N/A N/A
Surabaya Indonesia Indonesia 6,843,503 City 3,018,022 336 8,984 6,556,000 912 7,189 10,081,343 6,309 1,598
Pune India India 6,817,951 Municipal corporation 3,124,458 485 6,447
[85] 		8,231,000 650 12,663 7,276,000 7,256 1,003
[86]
Khartoum Sudan Sudan 6,809,355 N/A 1,410,858
[87] 		N/A N/A 7,869,000 1,031 7,632 N/A N/A N/A
Nanjing China China 6,800,676 City (sub-provincial) 9,314,685 6,582 1,415
[23] 		8,422,000 1,614 5,218 N/A N/A N/A
Santiago Chile Chile 6,726,045 City (commune) 236,453 22 10,748
[88] 		7,171,000 1,147 6,252 7,112,808 15,403 462
[89]
Chicago United States United States 8,864,000 City 2,746,388 589 4,663
[50] 		9,057,000 7,006 1,293 9,806,184[90] 18,640 516
Chengdu China China 8,813,000 City (sub-provincial) 20,937,757 14,378 1,456
[23] 		20,937,757 1,935 10,821 20,937,757 14,378 1,456
Xi'an China China 7,444,000 City (sub-provincial) 12,183,280 10,135 1,202
[23] 		12,328,000 1,826 6,751 12,328,000 10,762 1,146
Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 7,429,000 City 7,298,600 1,104 6,611
[91][92] 		7,450,000 290 25,690 N/A N/A N/A
Dongguan China China 7,360,000 Prefecture-level city 10,466,625 2,465 4,246
[23] 		10,646,000 1,759 6,052 N/A N/A N/A
Foshan China China 7,236,000 Prefecture-level city 9,498,863 3,848 2,469
[23] 		N/A
[lower-alpha 16] 		N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Shenyang China China 6,921,000 City (sub-provincial) 8,294,000 12,980 639
[23] 		7,964,000 1,551 5,135
[lower-alpha 17] 		8,294,000 12,980 639
Baghdad Iraq Iraq 6,812,000 Urban governorate 8,126,755 5,200 1,563
[93] 		6,183,000 694 8,909 8,141,000 12,869 633
Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopia 6,706,000 Capital city 3,859,999 527 7,324
[94] 		7,922,000 673 11,771 5,956,680 810 7,354
Madrid Spain Spain 6,497,000 Municipality 3,266,126 606 5,390
[95] 		6,211,000 1,365 4,550 6,641,649 N/A N/A
Harbin China China 6,115,000 City (sub-provincial) 10,635,971 53,068 200
[23] 		3,830,000 671 5,708 10,009,854 53,068 189
Houston United States United States 6,115,000 City 2,325,502 1,553 1,497
[50] 		6,500,000 4,931 1,318 7,765,149 21,395 363
[96]
Dallas United States United States 6,099,000 City 1,345,047 882 1,525
[50] 		6,950,000 5,278 1,317
[lower-alpha 18] 		9,021,108 22,463 402
[97]
Toronto Canada Canada 6,082,000 City 2,731,571 630 4,336
[98][99] 		6,771,000 2,344 2,889 5,928,040 5,906 1,004
[100]
Miami United States United States 6,036,000 City 470,914 93 5,069
[50] 		6,058,000 3,313 1,829 6,158,824 15,890 388
Belo Horizonte Brazil Brazil 5,972,000 City 2,502,557 331 7,563 5,328,000 1,287 4,140 5,156,217 9,459 545
Singapore Singapore Singapore 5,792,000 Country 5,638,700 726 7,770 5,983,000 523 11,440 N/A N/A N/A
Philadelphia United States United States 5,695,000 Consolidated city-county 1,526,006 370 4,129 5,799,000 5,429 1,068 7,381,187 N/A N/A
Atlanta United States United States 5,572,000 City 498,715 354 1,408 5,478,000 7,400 740 6,976,171 21,690 322
Fukuoka Japan Japan 5,551,000 Designated city 1,588,924 343 4,627 2,286,000 505 4,527 N/A N/A N/A
Barcelona Spain Spain 5,494,000 Municipality 1,620,343 101 15,980
[101] 		4,800,000 1,072 4,478 5,474,482
[102] 		N/A N/A
Saint Petersburg Russia Russia 5,383,000 Federal city 5,601,911 1,400 4,001[103] 5,445,000 1,510 3,606 N/A N/A N/A
Qingdao China China 5,381,000 City (sub-provincial) 10,071,722 11,229 897[104] 6,229,000 1,759 3,541 N/A N/A N/A
Dalian China China 5,300,000 City (sub-provincial) 7,450,785 13,742 542[105] 4,135,000 1,044 3,961 N/A N/A N/A
Washington, D.C. United States United States 5,207,000 Federal district 702,455 177 3,969
[50] 		7,631,000 5,501 1,387
[lower-alpha 19] 		10,237,545 17,009 602
[106]
Yangon Myanmar Myanmar 5,157,000 City 4,728,524[107] N/A N/A 6,874,000 666 10,321 N/A N/A N/A
Jinan China China 5,052,000 City (sub-provincial) 9,202,432 10,244 898
[23][24] 		4,017,000 932 4,310 N/A N/A N/A
Guadalajara Mexico Mexico 5,023,000 Municipality 1,385,621 151 9,176
[40] 		5,525,000 816 6,771 5,286,642 3,560 1,485

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
  2. ↑ Figures taken from official census when possible
  3. ↑ Figures taken from official census when possible
  4. ↑ Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
  5. ↑ Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
  6. ↑ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
  7. ↑ Includes Taicang
  8. ↑ Includes the city of Foshan.
  9. ↑ The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
  10. ↑ Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
  11. ↑ Includes Francisco Morato
  12. ↑ Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
  13. ↑ Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
  14. ↑ Greater London is defined by the London Government Act 1963 as an "administrative area",[63] and administered since 2000 by the Greater London Authority. Greater London is coterminous with the London region (a non-administrative area) and divided into the City of London and 32 London boroughs, each a separate local government area. See subdivisions of England.
  15. ↑ Includes Pretoria
  16. ↑ Included in Guangzhou
  17. ↑ Includes the city of Fushun.
  18. ↑ Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
  19. ↑ Includes the city of Baltimore.

References

  1. ↑ "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database". United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 August 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics". United Nations. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2010. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Demographic Yearbook 2005, Volume 57. United Nations. 2008. p. 241. ISBN 978-92-1-051099-8. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision. United Nations. 2004. ISBN 92-1-151396-0. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
  5. ↑ Alexander, Ruth (29 January 2012). "The world's biggest cities: How do you measure them?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Alexander, Ruth (29 January 2012). "Which is the world's biggest city?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2018. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Callahan, William A. (12 April 2015). China Dreams: 20 Visions of the Future. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190235239. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2020 – via Google Books. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
  8. ↑ "2021年重庆市国民经济和社会发展统计公报". 重庆市统计局. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  9. ↑ Nussle, Jim (Nov 20, 2008). "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-21. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ "Home". mmda.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-16. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Widyanto, Untung (6 December 2018). "3 Masalah Utama BKSP Jabodetabekjur yang Dipimpin Anies Baswedan". Tempo. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "World Urbanization Prospects 2025" (PDF). United Nations. New York. 2025. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
  13. ↑ "Demographia World Urban Areas, 18th Annual Edition" (PDF). Demographia. July 2022. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
  14. ↑ Indonesia: Administrative Division. "Regencies, Cities and Districts – Population Statistics, Charts and Map". City Population. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ "Jabodetabekpunjur". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id. Ministry of Public Works and People's Housing. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ "Population & Housing Census-2011" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Brinkhoff, Thomas. "Bangladesh: Districts and Cities". CityPopulation. Archived from "717 the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ "Dhaka (Bangladesh): City Districts and Subdistricts - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". City Population. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 "Japan: Prefectures and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 "Table 2.10 Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas" (PDF). Statistics Bureau of Japan. p. 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ "Provisional Population Totals" (PDF). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ Sharma, Shantanu Nandan (17 February 2019). "Delhi could be the world's most populous city by 2028. But is it really prepared?". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 "China: Administrative Division (Provinces and Prefectures) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". City Population. Archived from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 "第七次全国人口普查公报（第三号）". www.stats.gov.cn.
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