Mahbere Dego massacres
Coordinates: 14°01′38″N 38°46′48″E / 14.02728°N 38.78002°E
| Mahbere Dego massacres | |
|---|---|
| Part of Tigray War | |
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| Location | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Date | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Target | Tigrayans |
Attack type | |
| Deaths | 50-74 civilians |
| Perpetrators |  Ethiopian National Defence Force |
The Mahbere Dego massacres were mass extrajudicial killings that took place in Mahbere Dego (Tigrinya: ማሕበረ ደጎ) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 16-18 January 2021.[1] Mahbere Dego is a small town that belongs to woreda Na’ider, Central zone of Tigray.
Massacre[edit]
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) killed dozens of civilians in Mahbere Dego (Central Tigray). Videos of the massacres are not time stamped; the massacres are believed to have started on 15 January 2021[2] and continued for several days.[1] The massacres occurred in a similar way as many massacres in the Tigray War. The ENDF targeted civilians, especially male, in this case merchants, farmers, often brothers or father and son. They filmed the killings, and, exceptionally, a whistleblower transmitted the videos to Tigrai Media House. Dozens of unarmed civilian men were grouped in the wilderness outside of the town, driven to a cliff edge and executed by the Ethiopian soldiers. Thanks to the particular geomorphology of the surroundings, the imagery could be geolocated.[3][4] After factchecking the footage of the massacres was published by CNN[2] and BBC.[5]
The BBC spoke by phone to a resident of Mahbere Dego, who said the Ethiopian army took away 73 men from the town and surrounding area in January this year, including three of his relatives. He said none of them had been heard from since.The BBC also spoke to a resident in a neighbouring village who said that his brother was among those killed in this massacre. He said that the killings took place in Mahbere Dego, and gave the same month: January 2021 - the government had declared victory in the conflict in November. "They killed them at the cliff," he said
— BBC, Evidence suggests Ethiopian military carried out massacre in Tigray, [5]
In line with historical studies of massacres, including those committed during the Armenian genocide,[6][7] a massacre can be defined as a conflict incident in which at least five unarmed civilians were killed on the same day at the same location. Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters; and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole.[8]
Perpetrators[edit]
Relatives, investigators and international media interpreted the identity of the perpetrators as Ethiopian soldiers.[9][5][2][3]
Victims[edit]
The BBC mentions 73 victims,[5] and the “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” approximately 50 victims;[1] 54 victims have been identified:[9]
- Assefa Reda (60)
- Berihu Gebreyohannes Gebremedhin (26)
- Berihu Hagos Asfeha (34)
- Birhane Gebremeskel
- Ephrem Measho Abera (Deacon) (35)
- Fitsum Teklu Gebretsadkan (18)
- Gebreegziabher Abraha Abera (53)
- Gebreegziabher Abraha (50)
- Gebreezgi Mesfin (60)
- Gebregiorgis Mekonen Tesfay (30)
- Gebremedhin Birhane Siquar (21)
- Gebremedhin Gebretsadkan (35)
- Gebremeskel Alemayo Tsige (40)
- Gebremichael Amare (35)
- Gebrewahid Gebretsadkan Weldeyohannes (33)
- Gebreyohannes Gebremariam (40)
- Gebreyohannes Kidanemariam Teklu (42)
- Gebriel Amare Gebremariam (32)
- Guush Gebremariam Gebru (26)
- Guush Kahsay Berhe (35)
- Hadgu Mawcha Gebrekidan (22)
- Hadush Mekonen (24)
- Hagos Tareke Abera (38)
- Haile Gebremedhin Gebru (38)
- Haile Mekonen (40)
- Haile Tikuwot (45)
- Halefom Weldegiorgis Ziwelo (16)
- Kibrom Gebrekidan Tsige (30)
- Kibrom Gebremedhin (30)
- Kibrom Measho (30)
- Kibrom Teklu Gebretsadkan (28)
- Kiros Gebremedhin (18)
- Mamu Mekonen (25)
- Mebrahtu Fisseha Berhe (32)
- Mebrahtu Gebremedhin Kebedew (27)
- Mehari Meresa (25)
- Meles Alem Wasihun (26)
- Meles Gebrekidan Gebru (28)
- Mengesha Mawcha Gebrekidan (35)
- Mihretu Abraha Abera (56)
- Moges Tsehaye Gebru (20)
- Muez Mebrahtu Abraha (24)
- Mukur Mekonen (30)
- Negasi Birhane Gebremariam (22)
- Priest Teklay Gebremedhin Gebru (Merigeta) (32)
- Solomon Assefa Gebru (47)
- Tewelde Beyene (30)
- Tsegay Tesfay Weldegebriel (25)
- Weldemichael Kidanemariam (65)
- Yaynishet Gebrewahid Desu (27)
- Yemane Alemayo Hailu (20)
- Yemane Tesfahuney (26)
- Yikunom Gebremariam Sibhat (22)
- Zeamanuel Mekonen (46)
Relatives could only access the crime site on 19 June 2021. Only some bones, ID cards and pieces of clothes were recovered. On 20 June the remains were buried in a funeral ceremony.[10]
Reactions[edit]
The Mahbere Dego massacres became world news, evidencing what is ongoing in Tigray. As a consequence, the Ethiopian embassy in London issued a “Statement on the Alleged Massacre in Mahbere Dego, Tigray”:
The Embassy condemns, in the strongest terms, any acts of violence and human rights violations towards innocent civilians and would like to reassure Ethiopians at home and abroad, its development partners, and the wider international community that the Government of Ethiopia remains committed to thoroughly investigating any serious allegations and has made its position unequivocally clear concerning human rights violations – no person, including serving soldiers, is above the law.In line with the Government’s obligation to uphold the rule of law and bring to account perpetrators of these crimes, special taskforces comprised of representatives from the Office of the Attorney General and the Federal Police Commission have been deployed to Tigray in recent weeks to carry out investigations on the ground aimed at establishing the facts
— Ethiopian embassy, London, 3 April 2021, [11]
After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, a joint investigation by OHCHR and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was announced in March 2021.[12]
The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation”,[1] that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly regarding its Annex A, that lists massacres in the Tigray War.[8][13][14][15]
On 16 June 2021, Tigrai Media House broadcast additional footage of the massacre, showing that a female Amhara soldier was among the killers.[16] Bellingcat confirmed that the video shows the same massacre as the earlier videos.[17]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Ghekiere, R., Haegeman, K., Temmerman, D., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation, version 2.1. Ghent (Belgium): Ghent University, Department of Geography Archived 2021-10-13 at Archive.today
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 CNN, 2 April 2021: 'Two bullets is enough' - Analysis of Tigray massacre video raises questions for Ethiopian Army
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bellingcat, 1 April 2021: Mahbere Dego: Clues to a Clifftop Massacre in Ethiopia
- ↑ Citizen Evidence Lab, 9 April 2021: How to Crack Complex Geolocation Challenges: A Case Study of the Mahibere Dego Massacre
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 BBC, 1 April 2021: Evidence suggests Ethiopian military carried out massacre in Tigray
- ↑ Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter
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- ↑ Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources
- ↑ https://twitter dot com/Ataklti60824214/status/1406887356637003778
- ↑ Ethiopian embassy in London, 3 April: Statement on the Alleged Massacre in Mahbere Dego, Tigray
- ↑ France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe
- ↑ EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region
- ↑ CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre
- ↑ The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified
- ↑ TMH, Skip to 17:49 for the video Tigrai Media House, 16 June 2020
- ↑ Fiorella, Giancarlo (2021-06-24). "Tigray Conflict: Videos Provide New Details of Mahbere Dego Massacre". bellingcat. Retrieved 2021-06-29. Unknown parameter
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External links[edit]
- Twitter: author @tvbempt; hashtags #NeverForget #SayTheirNames #mahberedego
- World Peace Foundation: Starving Tigray
- Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
- TGHAT: A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources
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