Bora massacre
Coordinates: 12°53′42″N 39°20′29″E / 12.89501°N 39.34152°E
| Bora massacre | |
|---|---|
| Part of Tigray War | |
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| Date | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Target | Tigrayans |
Attack type | |
| Deaths | 187 civilians |
| Perpetrators |  Ethiopian National Defence Force |
The Bora massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing that took place in Bora (Tigrinya: ቦራ) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 8 January 2021, with aftermath killings that continued up to 10 January. [1][2][3] Bora is the capital town of woreda Bora-Selewa, Southern zone of Tigray.
Massacre[edit]
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) killed 170 civilians in Bora (Southern Tigray) on 8-10 January 2021.[3] Soldiers went house to house in Bora and executed more than 160 people. Done killing, the soldiers stopped families from taking their dead. Only two days after the slaughter were gravediggers allowed to set about their grim task; one of them buried 26 corpses in the graveyard of the Abune Aregawi Church, survivors said.[2] In the aftermath, the killing spree reached nearby villages Adi Shegla, Chamela and Chelena.[3] In line with historical studies of massacres, including those committed during the Armenian genocide,[4][5] a massacre can be defined as a conflict incident in which at least five unarmed civilians were killed on the same day at the same location. A skirmish occurred between the TDF and ENDF the morning of Jan. 8 in the Ajale mountains, about 16 kilometres northeast of the town. After the fighting, soldiers descended upon Bora.[2] Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters;[6] and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole such as in case of mass killings in churches.[7]
Perpetrators[edit]
Survivors interpreted the identity of the perpetrators as Ethiopian soldiers.[2]
Victims[edit]
The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” mentions 187 victims,[3] of which 64 have been identified:[8]
- Abraha Samuel
- Alefe Gebrekiros
- Alemu Amare
- Asegede Asfaw
- Bahir Gebrekiros
- Berhe Gezae
- Berhe Weldu
- Birhanu Alefe (42)
- Birhanu Amare (<35)
- Birhanu Belay
- Birhanu Gebremedhin
- Demeke
- Demeke Kassa
- Embaye Berhe
- Embaye Chekole
- Gebre Abraha
- Gebre Weldu Berhe (23)
- Gebreselassie Embaye Kiros
- Getachew Kiros Gebremedhin (<35)
- Gidey Desta
- Hadera Abraha
- Hadera Alemayo
- Hadush Lijalem (<35)
- Haile
- Haile Redae
- Haileselassie Mekonen
- Hailu Kebede
- Hailu Redae
- Hailu Weldesenbet
- Hayalu Ashebir
- Hiluf Abadi (41)
- Hiluf Gidey
- Hiluf Hailu
- Kahsay Alemayo
- Kalayou Nigus
- Kalayu Negash
- Kassahun Kiros
- Kebede Belay
- Mebrahtom
- Mebrahtu Hiluf Desalegn
- MeresiE Abera
- Merigeta Aklil
- Meselle Nigus
- Mnalbach Desta
- Moges Alefe (28)
- Nigus Tesfeu
- Niguse Tamene
- Priest Gebremedhin Wondimu
- Priest Girmay Kahsay
- Redae Demeke
- Samuel Adhana Cherkos
- Sebho MeresiE
- Solomon Amare
- Solomon Gebre Haftu
- Tekle Gebremedhin
- Tesfau Belay
- Tesfay Asgedom
- Tesfay Reda
- Tsegaeu
- Tsegay Abraha
- Tsegay Kassa
- Tsegay Tilahun
- Yikunoamlak Tesfay Tadesse
- Zewde Abadi (25)
Reactions[edit]
The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation”,[3] that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly with regard its Annex A, that lists the massacres.[7][9][10][11]
Mulu Nega, the chief executive of Tigray’s transitional government, did not respond to LA Times’ requests for comment. Daniel Bekele, who heads the government’s human rights commission, also declined to talk about the massacre in Bora.[2] After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, a joint investigation by OHCHR and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission has been announced in March 2021.[12]
References[edit]
- ↑ Tghat, 12 March 2021. The Bora Massacre in southern Tigray by the Ethiopian army
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Los Angeles Times, 19 March, 2021. In an out-of-sight war, a massacre comes to light
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
- ↑ Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter
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- ↑ Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.
- ↑ Tigray Defense Forces, a military structure that came into existence during the Tigray War, consisting of a merger of Special Forces of the Tigray Regional Government, defected soldiers of the Ethiopian National Defense Force, local militia, members of Tigrayan political parties (TPLF, National Congress of Great Tigray, Salsay Weyane Tigray, Tigray Independence Party, ...) and numerous youth who fled to the mountains.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray
- ↑ TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources
- ↑ EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region
- ↑ CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre
- ↑ The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified
- ↑ France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe
External links[edit]
- Twitter: author @tvbempt; hashtags #NeverForget #SayTheirNames #Bora #BoraSelewa
- World Peace Foundation: Starving Tigray
- Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
- TGHAT: A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources
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