Higumburda massacre

Higumburda massacre
	Part of Tigray War
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Target	Tigrayans
Attack type	Mass killing; Ethnic cleansing;
Deaths	15 civilians
Perpetrators	Amhara Region Special Force ; Ethiopian National Defence Force

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Coordinates: 12°38′12″N 39°31′57″E / 12.63677°N 39.53243°E / 12.63677; 39.53243

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The Higumburda massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing that took place in Higumburda (Tigrinya: ሀጉምቡርዳ) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 12 April 2021.^[1] Higumburda is a village that belongs to woreda Ofla, Southern zone of Tigray.

Massacre[edit]

The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) and Amhara militia killed fifteen unarmed civilians in Higumburda (Southern Tigray) on 12 April 2021.^[1]^[2] In line with historical studies of massacres, including those committed during the Armenian genocide,^[3]^[4] a massacre can be defined as a conflict incident in which at least five unarmed civilians were killed on the same day at the same location. Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters; and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole such as in case of mass killings in churches.^[5]

Perpetrators[edit]

Witnesses and TMH reported the perpetrators of this massacre as being Ethiopian soldiers and Amhara militia.^[2]^[6]

Victims[edit]

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” mentions 15 victims of this massacre,^[1] 14 of whom have been identified:^[6]

Taye Meresa (85)
Mola Haile (31)
Yordanos Haile (35)
Nigus Kebedew (40)
Mola Kassaye (45)
Adhana Kahsay (60)
Tesfay Adhana (16)
Mola Tesfay (40)
Dejen Misgun (38)
Kahsu Gebretekle (42)
Negasi Hagos (50)
Hagazi Gidey (37)
Berhe Meresa
Meresa Tsegay (81)

Reactions[edit]

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation”,^[1] that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly regarding its Annex A, that lists massacres in the Tigray War.^[5]^[7]^[8]^[9]

After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, a joint investigation by OHCHR and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was announced in March 2021.^[10]

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-125-13-April-2021.pdf
↑ Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
↑ Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources
↑ EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region
↑ CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre
↑ The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified
↑ France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe

External links[edit]

Twitter: author @tvbempt; hashtags #NeverForget #SayTheirNames #higumbirda
World Peace Foundation: Starving Tigray
Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
TGHAT: A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources

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[atlas-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation

[eepa125-2] 2.0 ^2.1 https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-125-13-April-2021.pdf

[3] Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on

[4] Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.

[world-5] 5.0 ^5.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray

[tghat-6] 6.0 ^6.1 TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources

[7] EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region

[8] CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre

[9] The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified

[10] France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe

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