2021 Wukro Maray massacres

Wukro Maray massacres
	Part of Tigray War
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Target	Tigrayans
Attack type	Mass killing; Shelling; Ethnic cleansing;
Deaths	11 civilians
Perpetrators	Ethiopian National Defence Force ; Eritrean Defence Forces

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Coordinates: 14°07′23″N 38°35′40″E / 14.123118°N 38.594453°E / 14.123118; 38.594453

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The Wukro Maray massacres was a mass extrajudicial killing that took place in Wukro Maray (Tigrinya: ዉቅሮ ማርይ) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 30 March to 5 April 2021.^[1] Wukro Maray is the capital of woreda Tahtay Maychew, Central zone of Tigray.

Massacre[edit]

The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) and Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) killed 11 civilians in Wukro Maray (Central Tigray) on 30 March to 5 April 2021.^[2]^[3] In line with historical studies of massacres, including those committed during the Armenian genocide,^[4]^[5] a massacre can be defined as a conflict incident in which at least five unarmed civilians were killed on the same day at the same location. Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters; and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole such as in case of mass killings in churches.^[6] The massacres in Wukro Maray and surroundings were carried out by Ethiopian and Eritrean forces, while being defeated by TDF.^[3]

Perpetrators[edit]

EEPA reported the perpetrators of this massacre as being ENDF and EDF soldiers.^[3]

Victims[edit]

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” mentions 161 victims of this massacre.^[1]

Reactions[edit]

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation”,^[1] that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly regarding its Annex A, that lists massacres in the Tigray War.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, a joint investigation by OHCHR and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was announced in March 2021.^[10]

While the Ethiopian government promised that Eritrean troops will be pulled out from Tigray, the Eritrean government denies any participation in warfare in Tigray, let alone in massacres.^[11]

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
↑ Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Ghekiere, R., Haegeman, K., Temmerman, D., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation, version 2.1. Ghent (Belgium): Ghent University, Department of Geography Archived 2021-10-13 at Archive.today
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 123 - 09 April 2021
↑ Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
↑ Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray
↑ EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region
↑ CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre
↑ The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified
↑ France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe
↑ DW, 19 March 2021: Fact check: Are other nations involved in the war in Tigray?

External links[edit]

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[atlas-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation

[atlas21-2] Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Ghekiere, R., Haegeman, K., Temmerman, D., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation, version 2.1. Ghent (Belgium): Ghent University, Department of Geography Archived 2021-10-13 at Archive.today

[eepa123-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 123 - 09 April 2021

[4] Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on

[5] Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.

[world-6] 6.0 ^6.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray

[7] EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region

[8] CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre

[9] The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified

[10] France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe

[11] DW, 19 March 2021: Fact check: Are other nations involved in the war in Tigray?

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2021 Wukro Maray massacres

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