Ukrainian orthography of 1946
Script error: No such module "AfC submission catcheck". The Ukrainian orthography of 1946 (Ukrainian: Український правопис 1946 року, romanized: Ukrainskyi pravopys 1946 roku) was the first edition of the new Ukrainian orthography, with the adoption of which the Ukrainian language received the established norms of spelling and punctuation. The spelling was valid without changes until 1960.
Work on the deferred project in 1939 resumed during World War II. In 1942, the Ukrainian republican government addressed the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, which was being evacuated to Ufa at the time, with a proposal to resume work on improving Ukrainian spelling. The Presidium of the Academy of Sciences entrusted this work to Academician Bulakhovskyi. The project was prepared by a group of researchers from the Institute of Language and Literature, which was established in Ufa on the basis of the Institute of Linguistics, the Taras Shevchenko Institute of Ukrainian Literature, and others. Ukrainian institutions exported to Bashkortostan. On October 2, 1942, the basic principles of the project were approved by the Academy, and the project was submitted to the government. By order of the government, the project was considered again by a commission chaired by Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR Mykola Bazhan consisting of Bulakhovskyi, Pavlo Tychyna, Maksym Rylsky, Yanovskyi, and some changes are recommended for approval. I. Kocherha and O. Kundzich took part in the discussion of the project.
In a military situation in the village of Pomirky near the newly liberated Kharkiv on August 28, 1943, the project was presented at a meeting in the presence of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Nikita Khrushchev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada Mykhailo Hrechukha, Secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) U Demian Korotchenko, mostly approved, and the approval was entrusted to the People's Commissar of Education of the USSR Pavlo Tychyna. The spelling was approved on May 8, 1945 by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. On November 15, 1946, the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR decided to introduce a new spelling from December 1, 1946 throughout UkrSSR.
History[edit]
With minor changes made by the editions of 1960, 1990 and 1993, this spelling was valid until 2019. A spelling supplement to the new spelling was released,[1] and later the spelling dictionary provided by the project was issued in two versions - for school[2] use and extended (40 thousand words) for general use.[3]
Basic principles[edit]
The preface to the orthography contains the leading guidelines that guided the compilers:
- First of all, to take care of the regulation of the current spelling, without good reason, without departing from what has already been established, therefore, mainly without forcing the cultural mass of the country to relearn.
- Preserve the folk principles of spelling — its proximity to the pronunciation of the masses.
- Focus on all the important things that make up the specifics of the language, it is on this specificity (phonetics, morphology), as it was reflected and is reflected in the language of the best writers.
- In those moments that by their nature are common with other languages (punctuation, uppercase and lowercase spelling, writing together and separately), to ensure unity with the spellings of the "fraternal peoples" of the Soviet Union, especially Russian, focusing on the latest draft of the State Commission.
- Avoid writing options as much as possible.
- Minimize the number of exceptions to the rules.
- When formulating rules — focus on the level of understanding of people with complete secondary education.
- Historical comments on the rules given in the notes should be presented without violating scientific correctness in favor of the popularity of the presentation, but at the same time without unnecessary details and narrowly special points.
Features of orthography[edit]
The orthography established the following long-standing rules:
- написання кінцевого -і в родовому відмінку іменників імені, племені;
- writing the final -i in the genitive case of nouns: імені, племені;
- writing "пів" together with nouns;
- complex adjectives with components два, три, чотири (двоногий, двохсотий, двотижневик, двохосьовий) are arranged;
- increased number of examples of alternation у-в, і-й;
- capitalization rules are set.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Text[edit]
- Ukrainian spelling / Ed. Kyrychenko. — К.: Ukrainian state publishing house, 1945. — 180 p., in particular in Internet Archive, in electronic library "Ukrainica", in electronic library "Culture of Ukraine".
Sources[edit]
- Український правопис / За ред. І. Кириченка. — К.: Українське державне видавництво, 1945. — 180 с.
- Передмова // Український правопис / За ред. І. Кириченка. — К.: Українське державне видавництво, 1945. — 180 с.
- Історія українського правопису XVI–XX століття: Хрестоматія / Упорядн.: В. В. Німчук, Н. В. Пуряєва. — К.: Наукова думка, 2004. — С. 515—535.
- Кириченко І. Особливості нового українського правопису. — К., 1947.
- Інститут мовознавства ім. О. О. Потебні НАН України. 1930-2005: матеріали до історії / Відп. ред. В. Г. Скляренко. — Київ: Довіра, 2005. — 564 с.
- Бевзенко С. П. Історія українського мовознавства. Історія вивчення української мови: Навчальний посібник. — К.: Вища школа, 1991. — 231 с.
- Боярчук О. Передостання спроба // Пам'ятки України. — 1989. — № 3. — С. 19.
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