Chinese exonyms
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When a foreign place name, or toponym, occurs in Chinese text, the problem arises of spelling it in Chinese characters, given the limited phonetics and restrictive phonology of Mandarin Chinese (making it very difficult to transcribe loanwords), and the possible meaning of those characters when treated as Chinese words. For example:
- "London Heathrow Airport" is usually rendered in Chinese characters as Template:Zhi (Lúndūn Xīsīlù Jīchǎng), with the English pronunciation of 'London' being fairly accurate, and of 'Heathrow' being less accurate: in Chinese the translation of each character literally means "kinship, honest" (for London, Template:Zhi), "hope, given/this, road" (for Heathrow, Template:Zhi), "aircraft, field" (Template:Zhi), with the last syllable of "Heathrow" rendered as "lu" although the more accurate "lo" and "lou" are known Chinese words. The reason for this strange transcription for "Heathrow" is because the name of the airport was introduced to the Chinese language through Cantonese, in which the loanword is pronounced Hei1 Si1 Lo4, which is actually more accurate to the English pronunciation of the name. However, when this word was adopted into Mandarin, the Chinese character "Heathrow" was used without any regard to pronunciation, in which the Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations of the same Chinese character can often be drastically different from one another.
Sometimes, the endonym or the English exonym of a place can be literally translated into Chinese characters, such as "Salt Lake City" or the "Dead Sea", which are translated into Chinese as Template:Zhi (Yánhú Chéng) and Template:Zhi (Sǐhǎi), which mean "salt-lake-city" and "dead-sea" respectively.
More often than not, however, characters are chosen simply because their syllables sound somewhat similar to the syllables of the endonym or the English exonym, regardless of the meaning of the individual characters. Examples include Dublin and Yemen, which are written in Chinese as Template:Zhi (Dūbólín, which literally translates as "all-cypress-forest") and Template:Zhi (Yěmén, which literally translates as "also-door") respectively. In both 'Chinese Exonyms, the connection between the meanings of the Chinese characters and their respective places is not particularly obvious, so it is safe to assume these exonyms are transcriptions. Historically, the characters chosen to represent the sounds have sometimes been chosen to be intended as derogatory (see graphic pejoratives in written Chinese), although many of these have been replaced with homophones with neutral or positive connotations.
There are other exonyms that are a combination of translation and transcription (meaning and sound) of the endonym. For example, New Zealand is written as Template:Zhi (Xīnxīlán), in which the first character Template:Zhi (xīn) literally means "new" and the final two characters Template:Zhi (Xīlán) is a transcription of "Zealand". Likewise, America is written as Template:Zhi (Měiguó), which is a combination of Template:Zhi (měi), one of the characters in another exonym Template:Zhi (Āměilìgē), and Template:Zhi (guó), the translation for the word "country". The full name of the United States in Chinese, “Template:Zhi” (Meilijianhezhongguo), which is very rarely used in China, roughly translates to the "United States of America" and is not an exonym, as the official Chinese word for the nation of the United States is different for the Chinese word for the continent of America. Acronyms, including the character Template:Zhi (guó), are common among exonyms.
Names of foreign nations are sometimes shortened to their first character when used in compounds. For example, the name for Russia in Chinese is Template:Zhi (Éluósī), but the name of the Russian language is Template:Zhi (Éyǔ), anything Russian-style is Template:Zhi (Éshì), and the Russian military is Template:Zhi (Éjūn).
However, some Chinese exonyms exist which are not immediately obvious because they are neither translations nor transcriptions, such as Template:Zhi (Jiùjīnshān, which literally means "Old Gold Mountain") and Template:Zhi (Xīnjīnshān, which literally means "New Gold Mountain") for San Francisco and Melbourne respectively. These exonyms exist because they have a special history among Chinese people worldwide for one reason or another.
For Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese names, the Chinese exonym is often the Chinese pronunciation of the Korean hanja, Japanese kanji, or ancient Vietnamese Chữ Nôm writing of the toponym. In some cases, especially in Japan, the Chinese pronunciation may be completely unlike the native-language pronunciation.
However, if the country's or city's endonym is not internationally well-known, Chinese will often transcribe the endoynym or English name into Chinese characters.
Countries had been founded or had gained independence after 1949 (the year Kuomintang had exiled to Taiwan after losing to the Communist Party) often have different exonyms used in mainland China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC) due to differences in official standards resulting from the split in government. Exonyms used in mainland China are written in simplified Chinese on this page, and exonyms used in Taiwan are written in traditional Chinese. The exception to this are exonyms for Japanese and Korean place names, which will be written in traditional Chinese.
The exonyms below are all in Mandarin Chinese.Template:Historical Chinese exonyms
Afghanistan[edit]
 Afghanistan Āfùhàn (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Kabul | Kābù'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kābol (کابل) | Persian | |
| Kābəl (کابل) | Pashto | ||||
Albania[edit]
 Albania Ā'ěrbāníyǎ (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Tirana | Dìlānà (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Tirona | Albanian | |
Algeria[edit]
 Algeria Ā'ěrjílìyǎ (阿尔及利亚)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Algiers | Ā'ěrjí'ěr (阿尔及尔) | Transcription | Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر) | Arabic | |
Andorra[edit]
 Andorra Āndàoěr (Template:Zhi)
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Meaning | ||
| Andorra la Vella | Āndàoěr Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Andorra City | |
Angola[edit]
 Angola Āngēlā (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Luanda | Luóāndá (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Luanda | Portuguese | |
Antigua and Barbuda[edit]
 Antigua and Barbuda Āntíguā Hé Bābùdá (Template:Zhi)
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| St. John's | Shèng Yuēhàn (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | |
Argentina[edit]
 Argentina Āgēntíng (Template:Zhi)
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| Buenos Aires | Bùyínuòsīàilìsī (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | |
Armenia[edit]
 Armenia Yàměiníyǎ (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Yerevan | Yèlǐwēn (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Yerevan (Երևան) | Armenian | |
Australia[edit]
 Australia Àodàlìyǎ (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Ào (Template:Zhi)
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Canberra | Kānpéilā | Transcription | ||
| Gold Coast | Huángjīn Hǎi'àn | Translation | Gold Coast | |
| Melbourne | Mò'ěrběn | Transcription | ||
| Xīnjīnshān | Special History | New Gold Mountain | The nickname "New Gold Mountain" was the nickname for the city given by Chinese immigrants and migrant workers looking for gold during the Australian gold rushes.[2] This contrasts with the name given to San Francisco, "Old Gold Mountain" (see section on the United States). | |
| Newcastle | Niǔkǎsī'ěr | Transcription | ||
| New South Wales | Xīn Nán Wēi'ěrshì Zhōu
(Template:Zhi ) |
Translation-transcription mix | ||
| Queensland | Kūnshìlán Zhōu | Transcription | ||
| Sydney | Xīní (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
Austria[edit]
 Austria Àodìlì (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Ào (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Vienna | Wéiyěnà (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Wien | German | |
Azerbaijan[edit]
Because many of the Chinese names for Azerbaijani cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
 Azerbaijan Āsèbàijiāng (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Yàsèbàirán (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Baku | Bākù (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Bakı (Бакы) | Azerbaijani | From Russian name Baku (Баку) |
| Baku (Баку) | Russian | ||||
Bahamas[edit]
 Bahamas Bāhāmǎ (Template:Zhi)
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| Nassau | Násāo (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | |
Bahrain[edit]
 Bahrain Bālín (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Manama | Màinàmài (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Al-Manāma (المنامة) | Arabic | |
Bangladesh[edit]
 Bangladesh Mèngjiālāguó (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Mèngjiālā (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Dhaka | Dákǎ (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Dhaka (ঢাকা) | Bengali | |
Belarus[edit]
Because many of the Chinese names for Belarusian cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
 Belarus Bái'éluósī (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Bái'é (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Minsk | Míngsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Minsk (Мінск) | Belarusian | |
| Minsk (Минск) | Russian | ||||
| Brest | Bùlièsītè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Brest (Брэст) | Belarusian | |
| Brest (Брест) | Russian | ||||
| Gomel | Gēméilì (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Homiel (Гомель) | Belarusian | From Russian name Gomel (Гомель) |
| Gomel (Гомель) | Russian | ||||
| Grodno | Géluódénuò (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Hrodna (Гродна) | Belarusian | From Russian name Grodno (Гродно) |
| Grodno (Гродно) | Russian | ||||
| Mogilev | Mòjíliàofū (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Mahilyow (Магілёў) | Belarusian | From Russian name Mogilyov (Могилёв) |
| Mogilyov (Могилёв) | Russian | ||||
| Vitebsk | Wéijiébùsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Viciebsk (Віцебск) | Belarusian | |
| Vitebsk (Витебск) | Russian | ||||
Bhutan[edit]
 Bhutan Bùdān (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Thimphu | Tíngbù (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Thimphu (ཐིམ་ཕུ) | Dzongkha | |
Brazil[edit]
 Brazil Bāxī (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Bā (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Brasília | Bāxīlìyǎ (Template:Zhi)[3] | Transcription | |||
| Rio de Janeiro | Lǐyuērènèilú (Template:Zhi)[4] | Transcription | |||
| São Paulo | Shèngbǎoluó (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Template:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Template:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | ||
| Porto Alegre | Āléigélǐgǎng (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | "Āléigélǐ" (Template:Zhi) is a transcription of the Portuguese word "Alegre". "Gǎng" (Template:Zhi) means "harbor" in Mandarin. | ||
| Yúgǎng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | "Happy Harbor" in Mandarin. | |||
Brunei[edit]
 Brunei Wénlái (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Wènlái (Template:Zhi, Hong Kong and Taiwan) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Bandar Seri Begawan | Sīlǐbājiāwān Shì (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Seri Begawan City | Bandar Seri Begawan (بندر سري بڬاوان) | Malay | |
Bulgaria[edit]
 Bulgaria Bǎojīalìyà (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Bǎo (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Sofia | Suǒfēiyà (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Sofija (София) | Bulgarian | |
Burundi[edit]
 Burundi Búlóngdí (Template:Zhi)
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Púlóngdì (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| Bujumbura | Bùqióngbùlā (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | |
Cambodia[edit]
 Cambodia Jiǎnpǔzhài (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Jiǎn (Template:Zhi)
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Gāomián (Template:Zhi) | |||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | Meaning | ||
| Phnom Penh | Jīnbiān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Golden Side | Phnom Penh (រាជធានីភ្នំពេញ) | Khmer | Penh's Hill | |
| Siem Reap | Xiānlì Shì (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Siem Reap City | Siem Reap ( ក្រុងសៀមរាប) | Khmer | Siam's Defeat | |
| Sihanoukville | Xīhānǔkè Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Sihanouk City | Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ) | Khmer | Holy City of Sihanouk | |
Canada[edit]
 Canada Jiānádà (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Jiā (Template:Zhi)
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Jiāguó (Template:Zhi) | ||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Montreal | Méngtèlìěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
| Toronto | Duōlúnduō (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||
| Vancouver | Wēngēhuá (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||
| Xiánshuǐ Bù (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Saltwater Port | ||
Egypt[edit]
 Egypt Āijí (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Āi (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Alexandria | Yàlìshāndà (Template:Zhi)[5] | Transcription | Al-'Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية) | Standard Arabic | |
| Eskendereyya (اسكندرية) | Egyptian Arabic | ||||
| Cairo | Kāiluó (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة) | Standard Arabic | |
| Maṣr (مصر) | Egyptian Arabic | ||||
| Nile River | Níluóhé (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | |||
Ethiopia[edit]
 Ethiopia Āisāi'ébǐyǎ (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Yīsuǒbǐyǎ (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Addis Ababa | Yàdìsīyàbèibā (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Addis Abäba (አዲስ አበባ) | Amharic | |
France[edit]
 France Fǎguó (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Fǎ (Template:Zhi)
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Fǎlánsī (Template:Zhi), Fǎlánxī (Template:Zhi) | |||
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| Cannes | Jiánà (Template:Zhi)[6] | Transcription | Based on the French pronunciation without the liaison. |
| Fort-de-France | Fǎlánxībǎo (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Bǎo (Template:Zhi) is used in place names that have the word "Fort" or one of its cognates from in another language. |
| Paris | Bālí (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Based on the French pronunciation without the liaison. |
| Saint-Lô | Shèngluò (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Template:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Shèng (Template:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. |
Germany[edit]
 Germany Déguó (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Dé (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Déyìzhì (Template:Zhi) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Berlin | Bólín (Template:Zhi)[7] | Transcription | |||
| Cologne | Kēlóng (Template:Zhi)[8] | Transcription | Köln | German | |
| Frankfurt | Fǎlánkèfú (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | |||
| Hamburg | Hànbǎo (Template:Zhi)[9] | Translation-transcription mix | Bǎo (Template:Zhi) is used in place names that have the word "Burg" | ||
| Munich | Mùníhēi (Template:Zhi)[10] | Transcription | München | German | |
Haiti[edit]
 Haiti Hǎidì (Template:Zhi)[11]
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Port-au-Prince | Tàizǐ Gǎng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Prince's port | |
Iceland[edit]
The Chinese exonym is a literal translation of the endonym.
 Iceland Bīngdǎo (Template:Zhi)[12]
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Reykjavik | Léikèyǎwèikè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Reykjavík | Icelandic | |
India[edit]
 India Yìndù (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Yìn (Template:Zhi)
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | Meaning | ||
| Delhi | Délǐ (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Dillī (दिल्ली) | Hindi | meaning unknown | ||
Indonesia[edit]
 Indonesia Yìndùníxīyà (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Yìnní (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Bali | Bālí dǎo (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Bali | Balinese | Used in Mainland China, homonymous with Paris (Template:Zhi Bālí). | |
| Bālǐ (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Used in Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. | ||||
| Jakarta | Yǎjiādá (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Jakarta | Indonesian | ||
| Medan | Miánlán (Template:Zhi) | Medan | Indonesian | |||
| Palembang | Jùgǎng (Template:Zhi) | Huge port[13] | Palembang | Indonesian | Chinese name refers to the historical past of Palembang as a major port of Sumatra. | |
| Pontianak | Kūndiān (Template:Zhi) | Pontianak | Indonesian | Known in Hakka as khun-tîen. | ||
| Singkawang | Shānkǒuyáng (Template:Zhi) | Mountain by the estuary and the ocean |
Singkawang | Indonesian | Originates from Hakka sân-khiéu-yòng. | |
| Surabaya | Sìshuǐ (Template:Zhi)[14] | Surabaya | Indonesian | |||
| Yogyakarta | Rìrě (Template:Zhi)[14] | Yogyakarta | Javanese | |||
Iraq[edit]
 Iraq Yīlākè (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Yī (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Baghdad | Bāgédá (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Baghdad (بغداد) | Arabic | |
Ireland[edit]
 Ireland Ài'ěrlán (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Ài (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Cork | Kēkè (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Corcaigh | Irish | |
| Dublin | Dūbólín (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Baile Átha Cliath | Irish | |
Israel[edit]
Placenames in Israel will include places in Palestinian territories.
 Israel Yǐsèliè (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Yǐ (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Jerusalem | Yēlùsālěng (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew | ||
Japan[edit]
 Japan Rìběn (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Rì (Template:Zhi)
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Tōkyō | Dōngjīng (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | East(ern) capital | |
| Yokohama | Héngbīn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Horizontal shore | Spelt as 横浜 in Japanese. |
| Ōsaka | Dàbǎn (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Big hillside | |
| Nagoya | Mínggǔwū (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Famed ancient house | |
| Saitama | Qíyù (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Headland jade | Spelt as さいたま (in Hiragana) in Japanese when referring to the city, but spelt as 埼玉 when referring to the prefecture. |
| Chiba | Qiānyè (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Thousand leaves | |
| Kōbe | Shénhù (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Door of the gods | Spelt as 神戸 in Japanese. |
| Sapporo | Zháhuǎng (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Placard canopy | |
| Fukuoka | Fúgāng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Fortunate ridge | |
| Shizuoka | Jìnggāng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Calm ridge | Spelt as 静岡 in Japanese. |
| Mito | Shuǐhù (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Water door | Spelt as 水戸 in Japanese. |
| Hiroshima | Guǎngdǎo (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Broad island | Spelt as 広島 in Japanese. |
| Kyōto | Jīngdū (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Capital | |
| Sendai | Xiāntái (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Immortal platform | Spelt as 仙台 in Japanese. |
| Niigata | Xīnxì (Template:Zhi) | Translation | New saline land | |
| Nagano | Chángyě (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Long plain | |
| Gifu | Qífù (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Divergent mound | |
| Maebashi | Qiánqiáo (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Before the bridge | |
| Utsunomiya | Yǔdūgōng (Template:Zhi) | Eaves of the palace of the capital | Long plain | |
| Okayama | Gāngshān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Mountain ridge | |
| Fukushima | Fúdǎo (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Long plain | |
| Tsu | Jīn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Ford | |
| Kumamoto | Xióngběn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Origin of the bear | |
| Kagoshima | Lù'érdǎo (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Deer children island | Spelt as 鹿児島 in Japanese. |
| Naha | Nàbà (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | meaning unknown | Spelt as 那覇 in Japanese. |
| Ōtsu | Dàjīn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Great ford | |
| Yamaguchi | Shānkǒu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Mouth of the mountain | |
| Nara | Nàiliáng (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | meaning unknown | |
| Matsuyama | Sōngshān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Pine mountain | |
| Nagasaki | Chángqí (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Long, small peninsula | |
| Aomori | Qīngsēn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Blue forest | |
| Morioka | Shènggāng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Flourishing ridge | |
| Kanazawa | Jīnzé (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Golden marsh | Spelt as 金沢 in Japanese. |
| Ōita | Dàfèn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Great divide | |
| Miyazaki | Gōngqí (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Mountainous palace | |
| Yamagata | Shānxíng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Appearance of a mountain | |
| Toyama | Fùshān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Abundant mountain | |
| Takamatsu | Gāosōng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Tall pine | |
| Akita | Qiūtián (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Autumn field | |
| Wakayama | Hégēshān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Waka mountain | |
| Kōfu | Jiǎfǔ (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Armoured warehouse | |
| Saga | Zuǒhè (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Assist to congratulate | |
| Fukui | Fújǐng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Fortunate well | |
| Tokushima | Dédǎo (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Virtuous island | Spelt as 徳島 in Japanese. |
| Kōchi | Gāozhī (Template:Zhi) | Translation | High awareness | |
| Matsue | Sōngjiāng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Pine river | |
| Tottori | Niǎoqǔ (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Take the bird | |
| Kawasaki | Chuānqí (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Mountainous river | |
| Narita | Chéngtián (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Developed field | |
| Hokkaidō | Běihǎidào (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Path of the north sea | |
| Honshu | Běnzhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Origin province | |
| Kyushu | Jiǔzhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Nine provinces | |
| Shikoku | Sìguó (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Four countries | Spelt as 四国 in Japanese. |
| Okinawa | Chóngshéng (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Cord of the open sea | Spelt as 沖縄 in Japanese. |
| Ryūkyū Islands | Liúqiú Qúndǎo (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | ||
Jordan[edit]
 Jordan Yuēdàn (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Amman | Ānmàn (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | 'Ammān (عمان) | Arabic | ||
Kazakhstan[edit]
Because many of the Chinese names for Kazakh cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
 Kazakhstan Hāsàkèsītǎn (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Hā (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Almaty | Ālāmùtú (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Almaty (Алматы) | Kazakh | |
| Almaty (Алматы) | Russian | ||||
| Astana | Āsītǎnà (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Astana (Астана) | Kazakh | |
| Astana (Астана) | Russian | ||||
| Shymkent | Qímǔkěntè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Shymkent (Шымкент) | Kazakh | From Russian name Chimkent (Чимкент) |
| Chimkent (Чимкент) | Russian | ||||
| Aktobe | Ākètuōbié (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Aqtöbe (Ақтөбе) | Kazakh | From Russian name Aktobe (Актобе) |
| Aktobe (Актобе) | Russian | ||||
| Karaganda | Kǎlāgāndá (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Qarağandy (Қарағанды) | Kazakh | From Russian name Karaganda (Караганда) |
| Karaganda (Караганда) | Russian | ||||
| Taraz | Tǎlāzī (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Taraz (Тараз) | Kazakh | |
| Taraz (Тараз) | Russian | ||||
| Oskemen | Wūsījìkǎmiǎnnuògē'ěrsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Öskemen (Өскемен) | Kazakh | From Russian name Ust-Kamenogorsk (Усть-Каменогорск) |
| Ust-Kamenogorsk (Усть-Каменогорск) | Russian | ||||
| Pavlodar | Bāfǔluòdá'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Pavlodar (Павлодар) | Kazakh | |
| Pavlodar (Павлодар) | Russian | ||||
| Semey | Sāiméiyī (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Semey (Семей) | Kazakh | |
| Semey (Семей) | Russian | ||||
| Kyzylorda | Kèzīlēi'ào'ěrdá (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Qyzylorda (Қызылорда) | Kazakh | |
| Kyzylorda (Кызылорда) | Russian | ||||
| Atyrau | Ātèláo (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Atyrau (Атырау) | Kazakh | |
| Atyrau (Атырау) | Russian | ||||
| Aktau | Ākètào (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Aqtau (Ақтау) | Kazakh | |
| Aktau (Актау) | Russian | ||||
| Kostanay | Kùsītǎnài (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Qostanai (Қостанай) | Kazakh | |
| Kostanay (Костанай) | Russian | ||||
| Oral | Wūlā'ěrsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Oral (Орал) | Kazakh | From Russian name Uralsk (Уральск) |
| Uralsk (Уральск) | Russian | ||||
| Petropavl | Bǐdéluóbāfǔluòfūsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Petropavl (Петропавл) | Kazakh | From Russian name Petropavlovsk (Петропавловск) |
| Petropavlovsk (Петропавловск) | Russian | ||||
| Turkistan | Tūjuésītǎn (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Türkıstan (Түркістан) | Kazakh | From Russian name Turkestan (Туркестан) |
| Turkestan (Туркестан) | Russian | ||||
| Kokshetau | Kēkèshětào (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kökşetau (Көкшетау) | Kazakh | |
| Kokshetau (Кокшетау) | Russian | ||||
| Baikonur | Bàikēnǔ'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Baiqoñyr (Байқоңыр) | Kazakh | |
| Baikonur (Байконур) | Russian | ||||
Laos[edit]
 Laos Lǎowō (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Liáo (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Liáoguó (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Vientiane | Wànxiàng (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Wīangchan (ວຽງຈັນ) | Lao | |
| Yǒngzhēn (Template:Zhi)[15] | Transcription | This transcription is used in Taiwan only. | |||
Mexico[edit]
 Mexico Mòxīgē (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Mò (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Baja California | Xià Jiālìfúníyǎ Zhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Lower California State | |||
| Ciudad Juaréz | Huáléisī Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | City of Juarez | |||
| Mexico City | Mòxīgē Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Mexico City | Ciudad de México | Spanish | |
| Cancūn | Kǎnkūn (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | ||||
Myanmar[edit]
 Myanmar Miǎndiàn (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Miǎn (Template:Zhi)
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | Meaning | ||
| Yangon | Yǎngguāng (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Rankun (ရန်ကုန်) | Burmese | End of fights | ||
| Mandalay | Mándélè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Mantale (မန္တလေး) | Burmese | From Pali မဏ္ဍလ (mandala) | ||
| Naypyidaw | Nèibǐdū (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Nepyitaw (နေပြည်တော်) | Burmese | Capital | ||
Nepal[edit]
 Nepal Níbóěr (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Kathmandu | Jiādémǎndōu (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kathmandu (काठमाडौं) | Nepali | ||
| Mount Everest | Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Chomolungma Mountain | Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा) | Nepali | The Chinese name is based on the Tibetan name of the mountain. |
New Zealand[edit]
 New Zealand Xīnxīlán (Template:Zhi)
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Niǔxīlán (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only) | ||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Auckland | Àokèlán (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
| Christchurch | Kèlàisītèchèqí (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
| Jīdū Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Christ City | ||
| Wellington | Huìlíngdùn (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
| Wēilíngdùn (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Taiwan and Hong Kong only | ||
North Korea[edit]
In Chinese, the country can be referred to as North Korea, but it is usually referred to just by the cognate for the endonym, Choson (조선).
 North Korea [Běi] Cháoxiǎn ([[[:Template:Zhi]]]Template:Zhi)
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Meaning | Language | ||
| Pyongyang | Píngrǎng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Peaceful Soil | Pyŏngyang (평양; 平壤) | Peaceful Soil | Korean | |
| Rason | Luóxiān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | To collect early | Raseon (라선; 羅先) | To collect early | Korean | |
| Nampo | Nánpǔ (Template:Zhi) | Translation | South of the riverside | Nampo (남포; 南浦) | South of the riverside | Korean | |
| Kaesong | Kāichéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Open city | Gaeseong (개성; 開城) | Open city | Korean | |
| Pyongsong | Píngchéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Peaceful city | Pyeongseong (평성; 平城) | Peaceful city | Korean | |
| Hamhung | Xiánxīng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | South of the riverside | Hamheung (함흥; 南浦) | South of the riverside | Korean | |
| Sinuiju | Xīnyìzhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | New Uiju | Sinuiju (신의주; 新義州) | New Uiju | Korean | |
| Chongjin | Qīngjīn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Clear ford | Cheongjin (청진; 淸津) | Clear ford | Korean | |
| Haeju | Hǎizhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Sea province | Haeju (해주; 海州) | Sea province | Korean | |
| Sariwon | Shālǐyuàn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | meaning unknown | Sariwon (사리원; 沙里院) | meaning unknown | Korean | |
| Wonsan | Yuánshān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Primary mountain | Wonsan (원산; 元山) | Primary mountain | Korean | |
| Kanggye | Jiāngjiè (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Boundary of the river | Ganggye (강계; 江界) | Boundary of the river | Korean | |
| Hyesan | Huìshān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Favour from the mountain | Hyesan (혜산; 惠山) | Favour from the mountain | Korean | |
| Korea Bay | Xīcháoxiǎnwān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | West Choson Bay | Sŏjosŏn Man (서조선만; 西朝鮮灣) | West Choson Bay | Korean | This name uses the Chinese name for North Korea, Cháoxiǎn (Template:Zhi) |
| Xīhánwān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | West Han Bay | Sǒhan Man (서한만; 西韓灣) | West Han Bay | Korean | This name uses the Chinese name for South Korea, Hán (Template:Zhi) | |
| Paektu Mountain | Chǎngbáishān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Long White Mountain | Baekdu San (백두산; 白頭山) | White-head Mountain | Korean | The mountain is set on the China-North Korea border, which is why the mountain has noticeably different names in both languages |
| Tumen River | Túmen Jiāng (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Duman Gang (두만강; 豆滿江) | Korean | |||
| Yalu River | Yālǜ Jiāng (Template:Zhi) | Unknown | Duck-green River | Amnok Gang (압록강; 鴨綠江) | Korean | The origin of the name is unknown, though it possibly came from the Manchu name Yalu Ula (ᠶᠠᠯᡠ ᡠᠯᠠ) | |
Philippines[edit]
 Philippines Fēilǜbīn (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Fēi (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Manila | Mǎnílā (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Maynilà | Filipino | |
Poland[edit]
 Poland Bōlán (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Bō (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Warsaw | Huáshā (Template:Zhi)[16] | Transcription | Warszawa | Polish | |
Portugal[edit]
 Portugal Pútáoyá (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Pú (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Lisbon | Lǐsīběn (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Lisboa | Portuguese | More common name | |
| Pújīng (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Portuguese capital | ||||
Russia[edit]
 Russia Éluósī (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by É (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Éguó (Template:Zhi) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Moscow | Mòsīkē (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Moskva (Москва) | Russian | ||
| Saint Petersburg | Shèng Bǐdébǎo (Template:Zhi) [1] | Translation-transcription mix | Saint Peter Fortress | Sankt-Peterburg (Санкт-Петербург) | Russian | |
| Novosibirsk | Xīnxībólìyà(Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | New Siberia | Novosibirsk (Новосибирск) | Russian | |
| Yekaterinburg | Yèkǎjiélínbǎo (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Katherine Fortress | Yekaterinburg (Екатеринбург) | Russian | |
| Kazan | Kāshān (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kazan (Казань) | Russian | ||
| Nizhny Novgorod | Xià Nuòfūgēluódé (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Lower Novgorod | Nizhny Novgorod (Нижний Новгород) | Russian | |
| Chelyabinsk | Chēlǐyǎbīnsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Chelyabinsk (Челябинск) | Russian | ||
| Krasnoyarsk | Kèlāsīnuòyà'ěrsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Krasnoyarsk (Красноярск) | Russian | ||
| Samara | Sàmǎlā (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Samara (Самара) | Russian | ||
| Ufa | Wūfǎ (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Ufa (Уфа) | Russian | ||
| Rostov-on-Don | Dùn Hé pàn Luósītuōfū (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Rostov banked on the Don River | Rostov-na-Donu (Ростов-на-Дону) | Russian | |
| Omsk | Èmùsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Omsk (Омск) | Russian | ||
| Krasnodar | Kèlāsīnuòdá'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Krasnodar (Краснодар) | Russian | ||
| Voronezh | Wòluónièrì (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Voronezh (Воронеж) | Russian | ||
| Perm | Bǐ'ěrmǔ (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Perm (Пермь) | Russian | ||
| Volgograd | Fú'ěrjiāgélè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Volgograd (Волгоград) | Russian | ||
| Saratov | Sàlātuōfū (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Saratov (Саратов) | Russian | ||
| Tyumen | Qiūmíng (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Tyumen (Тюмень) | Russian | ||
| Tolyatti | Táolǐyǎdì (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Tolyatti (Тольятти) | Russian | ||
| Barnaul | Bā'ěrnǎoěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Barnaul (Барнаул) | Russian | ||
| Izhevsk | Yīrèfūsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Izhevsk (Ижевск) | Russian | ||
| Makhachkala | Mǎhāqíkǎlā (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Makhachkala (Махачкала) | Russian | ||
| Kharabovsk | Bólì (Template:Zhi) | Native name | Kharabovsk (Хабаровск) | Russian | 伯力 is the native Chinese name of Kharabovsk. The transcription of the Russian name is Hābāluófūsīkè (哈巴羅夫斯克). | |
| Ulyanovsk | Wūlǐyángnuòfūsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Ulyanovsk (Ульяновск) | Russian | ||
| Irkutsk | Yī'ěrkùcíkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Irkutsk (Иркутск) | Russian | ||
| Vladivostok | Hǎishēnwǎi (Template:Zhi) | Native name | Curve of the sea cucumber | Vladivostok (Владивосток) | Russian | 海參崴 is the native Chinese name of Vladivostok. The transcription of the Russian name is Fúlādíwòsītuōkè (符拉迪沃斯托克). |
| Yaroslavl | Yǎluósīlāfūěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Yaroslavl (Ярославль) | Russian | ||
| Kemerovo | Kèmàiluówò (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kemerovo (Кемерово) | Russian | ||
| Tomsk | Tuōmùsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Tomsk (Томск) | Russian | ||
Saudi Arabia[edit]
 Saudi Arabia Shātè Ālābó (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Shātè (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Shāguó (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only), Shāwūdìālābó (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only), Shādìālābó (Template:Zhi, Hong Kong only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Mecca | Màijiā (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Makkah | Arabic | |
Serbia[edit]
 Serbia Sài'ěrwéiyà (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Sài (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Belgrade | Bèi'ěrgéláidé (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Beograd (Београд) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Novi Sad | Nuòwéi Sàdé (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Novi Sad (Нови Сад) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Niš | Níshí (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Niš (Ниш) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Kragujevac | Kèlāgǔyéwǎcí (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kragujevac (Крагујевац) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Subotica | Sūbódìchá (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Subotica (Суботица) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Leskovac | Láisīkēwǎcí (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Leskovac (Лесковац) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Pančevo | Pānqièwò (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Pančevo (Панчево) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Kruševac | Kèlǔshěwǎcí (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kruševac (Крушевац) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Kraljevo | Kèlālièwò (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kraljevo (Краљево) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Novi Pazar | Xīn Pàzhā'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Novi Pazar (Нови Пазар) | Serbo-Croatian | |
South Korea[edit]
In Chinese, the country is not usually referred to as South Korea, but by the cognate for the endonym, Hanguk (한국).
 South Korea Hánguó (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Hán (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Nánhán (Template:Zhi), Náncháoxiǎn (Template:Zhi) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Seoul | Hànchéng (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Han River city, large city | Sǒul (서울) | Korean | |
| Shǒu'ěr (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Seoul (Korean 서울) had no official hanja until 2005. | ||||
| Busan | Fǔshān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Cauldron Mountain | Busan (부산; 釜山) | Korean | |
| Daegu | Dàqiū (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Great mound | Busan (대구; 大邱) | Korean | |
| Incheon | Rénchuān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Benevolent River | Inchŏn (인천) | Korean | |
| Gwangju | Guāngzhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Bright province | Gwangju (광주; 光州) | Korean | |
| Daejeon | Dàtián (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Great field | Daejeon (대전; 大田) | Korean | |
| Ulsan | Yùshān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Place on the mountain | Inchŏn (울산; 蔚山) | Korean | |
| Sejong | Shìzōng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Named after King Sejong the Great | Sejong (세종; 世宗) | Korean | |
| Cheongju | Qīngzhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Clear province | Cheongju (청주; 淸州) | Korean | |
| Hongseong | Hóngchéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Flooded city | Hongseong (홍성; 洪城) | Korean | |
| Chuncheon | Chūnchuān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | River in the spring | Chuncheon (춘천; 春川) | Korean | |
| Suwon | Shuǐyuán (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Water plains | Suwon (수원; 水原) | Korean | |
| Andong | Āndōng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Peace in the east | Andong (안동; 安東) | Korean | |
| Changwon | Chāngyuán (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Prosperous plains | Changwon (창원; 昌原) | Korean | |
| Jeonju | Quánzhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Entire province | Jeonju (전주; 全州) | Korean | |
| Muan | Wù'ān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Service of peace | Muan (무안; 務安) | Korean | |
| Jeju | Jìzhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Frugal province | Jeju (제주; 濟州) | Korean | |
| Gangnam | Jiāngnán (Template:Zhi) | Translation | South of the River | Gangnam (강남; 江南) | Korean | |
| Jeju Island | Jìzhōu Dǎo (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Cross Continent Island | Jeju-do (제주도; 濟州島) | Korean | |
| Korea Bay | Xīcháoxiǎnwān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | West Choson
Bay |
Sŏjosŏn Man (서조선만; 西朝鮮灣) | Korean | This name uses the Chinese name for North Korea, Cháoxiǎn (Template:Zhi). |
| Xīhánwān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | West Han
Bay |
Sǒhan Man (서한만; 西韓灣) | Korean | This name uses the Chinese name for South Korea, Hán (Template:Zhi). | |
| Pyeongchang | Píngchāng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Peaceful Radiance | Pyŏngchang (평창; 平昌) | Korean | |
Sri Lanka[edit]
 Sri Lanka Sīlǐlánkǎ (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Colombo | Kēlúnpō (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kolamba (කොළඹ) | Sinhala | |
| Kělúnpō (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kozhumpu (கொழும்பு) | Tamil | Exonym used in Taiwan only | |
Syria[edit]
 Syria Xùlìyǎ (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Xù (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Damascus | Dàmǎshìgé (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Dimašq (دمشق) | Arabic | |
Turkey[edit]
 Turkey Tǔ'ěrqí (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Istanbul | Yīsītǎnbù'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Istanbul | Turkish | |
Thailand[edit]
 Thailand Tàiguó (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Tài (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Bangkok | Màngǔ (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ) | Thai | Transcription thru Teochew dialect of Hokkien; where Template:Zhi is pronounced as "bhuêng2 gog4" | |
| Chiang Mai | Qīngmài (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Chiangmai (เชียงใหม่) | Thai | Transcription thru Teochew dialect of Hokkien, where Template:Zhi is pronounced as "cêng1 mai6" | |
| Chiang Rai | Qīnglái (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Chiangrai
(ชียงราย) |
Thai | ||
Ukraine[edit]
Because many of the Chinese names for Ukrainian cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
 Ukraine Wūkèlán (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Template:Zhi (Wū)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Vinnytsya | Wénníchá (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Vinnytsya (Вінниця) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Vinnitsa (Винница) |
| Vinnitsa (Винница) | Russian | ||||
| Lutsk | Lúcíkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Luts'k (Луцьк) | Ukrainian | |
| Lutsk (Луцк) | Russian | ||||
| Dnipro | Dìnièbóluó (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Dnipro (Дніпро) | Ukrainian | From Ukrainian name Dnipro (Дніпро). Shortened form of the older Chinese name Dìnièbóluóbǐdéluófūsīkè (第聶伯羅彼得羅夫斯克; from the Russian name Dnepropetrovsk (Днепропетровск)) |
| Dnepr (Днепр) | Russian | ||||
| Donetsk | Dùnniècíkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Donets'k (Донецьк) | Ukrainian | |
| Donetsk (Донецк) | Russian | ||||
| Zhytomyr | Rìtuōmǐ'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Zhytomyr (Житомир) | Ukrainian | |
| Zhitomir (Житомир) | Russian | ||||
| Uzhhorod | Wūrìgēluōdé (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Uzhhorod (Ужгород) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Uzhgorod (Ужгород) |
| Uzhgorod (Ужгород) | Russian | ||||
| Zaporizhzhia | Zhābōluórè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Zaporizhzhia (Запоріжжя) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Zaporozhe (Запорожье) |
| Zaporozh'e (Запорожье) | Russian | ||||
| Ivano-Frankivsk | Yīwànnuò-Fúlánkēfūsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Ivano-Frankivs'k (Івано-Франківськ) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Ivano-Frankovsk (Ивано-Франковск) |
| Ivano-Frankovsk (Ивано-Франковск) | Russian | ||||
| Kyiv | Jīfǔ (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kyiv (Київ) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Kiev (Киев) |
| Kiev (Киев) | Russian | ||||
| Kropyvnytskyi | Kèluópífūnícíjī (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kropyvnyts'kyi (Кропивницький) | Ukrainian | |
| Kropivnitskiy (Кропивницкий) | Russian | ||||
| Luhansk | Lúgānsīkè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Luhans'k (Луганськ) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Lugansk (Луганск) |
| Lugansk (Луганск) | Russian | ||||
| Lviv | Lèwéifu (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | L'viv (Львів) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Lvov (Львов) |
| L'vov (Львов) | Russian | ||||
| Mykolaiv | Nígǔlāyēfū (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Mykolaiv (Миколаїв) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Nikolaev (Николаев) |
| Nikolaev (Николаев) | Russian | ||||
| Odesa | Áodésà (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Odesa (Одеса) | Ukrainian | |
| Odessa (Одесса) | Russian | ||||
| Poltava | Bō'ěrtǎwǎ (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Poltava (Полтава) | Ukrainian | |
| Poltava (Полтава) | Russian | ||||
| Rivne | Luófūnuò (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Rivne (Рівне) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Rovno (Ровно) |
| Rovno (Ровно) | Russian | ||||
| Sumy | Sūméi (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Sumy (Суми) | Ukrainian | |
| Sumy (Сумы) | Russian | ||||
| Ternopil | Jié'ěrnuòbō'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Ternopil' (Тернопіль) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Ternopol (Тернополь) |
| Ternopol' (Тернополь) | Russian | ||||
| Kharkiv | Hā'ěrkēfū (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kharkiv (Харків) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Kharkov (Харьков) |
| Khar'kov (Харьков) | Russian | ||||
| Kherson | Hè'ěrsōng (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Kherson (Херсон) | Ukrainian | |
| Kherson (Херсон) | Russian | ||||
| Khmelnytskyi | Hèméilìnícíjī (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Khmel'nyts'kyi (Хмельницький) | Ukrainian | |
| Khmel'nitskiy (Хмельницкий) | Russian | ||||
| Cherkasy | Qiè'ěrkǎsè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Cherkasy (Черкаси) | Ukrainian | |
| Cherkassy (Черкассы) | Russian | ||||
| Chernihiv | Qiè'ěrnígēfū (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Chernihiv (Чернігів) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Chernigov (Чернигов) |
| Chernigov (Чернигов) | Russian | ||||
| Chernivtsy | Qiè'ěrnuòfūcè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Chernivtsi (Чернівці) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Chernovtsy (Черновцы) |
| Chernovtsy (Черновцы) | Russian | ||||
| Sevastopol | Sàiwǎsītuōbō'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Sevastopol' (Севастополь) | Ukrainian | |
| Sevastopol' (Севастополь) | Russian | ||||
| Simferopol | Xīnfēiluōbō'ěr (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Simferopol' (Сімферополь) | Ukrainian | |
| Simferopol' (Симферополь) | Russian | ||||
United Kingdom[edit]
 United Kingdom Yīngguó (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Template:Zhi (Yīng)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): [Dàyīng] Liánhé Wángguó ([[[:Template:Zhi]]] Template:Zhi) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Cambridge | Jiànqiáo (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Sword bridge | |||
| Cardiff | Jiādìfū (Template:Zhi)[17] | Transcription | ||||
| England | Yīnggélán (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||||
| Yīngjílì (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | |||||
| Yīnglún (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | |||||
| Liverpool | Lìwùpǔ (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Oxford | Niújīn (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Where the oxen ford | |||
| Scotland | Sūgélán (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||||
| Wales | Wèiěrshí (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||||
| Westminster | Xīmǐn (Template:Zhi)[18] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| York | Yuēkè (Template:Zhi)[19] | Transcription | ||||
United States[edit]
 United States Měiguó (Template:Zhi); abbreviated as Měi (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Yàměilìjiā (Template:Zhi), Měilìjiān (Template:Zhi), Měilìjiān Hézhòngguó (Template:Zhi), Mĭguó (Template:Zhi) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Antelope Valley | Língyáng Gǔ (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Bridgeport | Qiáo Gǎng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Broken Arrow | Duàn Jiàn Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Buffalo | Shuǐniúchéng (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Water buffalo city | |||
| California | Jiāzhōu (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Jīnzhōu (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Golden State | ||||
| Cambridge | Jiànqiáo (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| College Station | Dàxué Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Colorado Springs | Kēluólāduōquán (Template:Zhi)[20] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Diamond Bar | Zuànshí Bā (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Florida | Fóluólǐdá zhōu/Fózhōu (Template:Zhi/Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Grand Prairie | Dà Cǎoyuán Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Grand Rapids | Dà Jíliú Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Green Bay | Lǜ Wān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Honolulu | Tánxiāngshān (Template:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Fragrant sandalwood mountain | |||
| Independence | Dúlì Shì (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Los Angeles | Luòshānjī (Template:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||||
| Little Rock | Xiǎo Yánchéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Locke | Lèjū (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | ||||
| Long Beach | Chǎngtān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| New Orleans | Xīn ào'ěrliáng (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Orange | Jú Shì (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Orange County | Jú Jùn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Palm Bay | Zōnglǘ Wān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Palmdale | Zōnglǘ Gǔ (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Philadelphia | Fèi Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Phoenix | Fènghuángchéng (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Fenghuang City | |||
| Sacramento | Èrbù (Template:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Second Port | Used by the first generations of Chinese immigrants, but rarely today. | ||
| Saint Louis | Shènglùyìsī (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Template:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Template:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | |||
| Salt Lake City | Yánhúchéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Salt Lake City | |||
| San Diego | Shèngdìyàgē (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Template:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Template:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | |||
| San José | Shènghéxī (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Template:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Template:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | |||
| San Francisco | Jiùjīnshān (Template:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Old Gold Mountain | Early Chinese immigrants and migrant workers to the United States nicknamed the city "Old Gold Mountain" in reference to the California Gold Rush, as many Chinese would come to search for gold in California and would arrive in the country via San Francisco.[21] Many Chinese called the city "Gold Mountain". However, when gold was discovered in Melbourne, Australia, San Francisco was re-nicknamed "Old Gold Mountain" and Melbourne was nicknamed "New Gold Mountain", or Template:Zhi (Xīn jīnshān) in Chinese.[2] Name used by the governments of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. | ||
| Sānfānshì (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Sometimes shown side by side with Jiujinshan, in parentheses. Official name used by the government of Hong Kong and more common in Cantonese. | ||||
| Dàbù (Template:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Big port | Used by the first generations of Chinese immigrants, but rarely today. | |||
| Santa Fe | Shèngtǎfēi (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Template:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Template:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | |||
| Springfield | Chūntián Shì (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Solvang | Dānmài Cūn (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Danish village | |||
| Stockton | Sānbù (Template:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Third Port | Used by the first generations of Chinese immigrants, but rarely today. | ||
| Thousand Oaks | Qiān Xiàng Chéng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Walnut | Hétáo Shì (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Washington D.C. | Huáshèngdùn(tèqū) (Template:Zhi (Template:Zhi))[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Washington (special district) | |||
| West Palm Beach | Xī Zōnglǘ Tān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Yellowstone National Park | Huángshí Guójiā Gōngyuán (Template:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
Uzbekistan[edit]
Because many of the Chinese names for Uzbek cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
 Uzbekistan Wūzībiékèsītǎn (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Wūzībiékè (Template:Zhi) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Tashkent | Tǎshígàn (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Toshkent (Тошкент) | Uzbek | From Russian name Tashkent (Ташкент) |
| Tashkent (Ташкент) | Russian | ||||
Vietnam[edit]
 Vietnam Yuènán (Template:Zhi); abbreviated by Yuè (Template:Zhi)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Cần Thơ | Qínjū (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Celery sack | Cần Thơ (芹苴) | Vietnamese | |
| Da Lat | Dàlè (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Đà Lạt (多樂) | Vietnamese | The native Vietnamese name in Chữ Nôm is 多樂 (Duōlè). | |
| Da Nang | Xiàngǎng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Steep hill harbor | Đà Nẵng (沱㶞) | Vietnamese | The native Vietnamese name in Chữ Nôm is 沱㶞 (Tuónǎng). |
| Dien Bien Phu | Diànbiānfǔ (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Điện Biên prefecture | Điện Biên Phủ (奠邊府) | Vietnamese | |
| Haiphong | Hǎifáng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Sea defence | Hải Phòng (海防) | Vietnamese | |
| Hạ Long Bay | Xiàlóng Wān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | descending dragon | Vịnh Hạ Long (泳下龍) | Vietnamese | |
| Hanoi | Hénèi (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Within the river | Hà Nội (河內) | Vietnamese | |
| Ho Chi Minh City | Hú Zhìmíng Shì (Template:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Ho Chi Minh City | Thành phó Hò Chí Minh (城庯胡志明) | Vietnamese | Hú Zhìmíng (Template:Zhi) is the Chinese pronunciation of the Chinese characters that make up the name Ho Chi Minh. |
| Xīgòng (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Saigon | Sài Gòn (柴棍) | Vietnamese | The native Vietnamese name in Chữ Nôm is 柴棍 (Cháigùn). | |
| Hội An | Huì'ān (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Gathering of peace | Hội An (會安) | Vietnamese | |
| Huế | Shùnhuà (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Transform | Huế (化) | Vietnamese | Shùnhuà (Template:Zhi) is based on the old name Thuận Hóa (順化). |
| Nha Trang | Yázhuāng (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Farm sprout | Nha Trang (芽莊) | Vietnamese | |
| Thái Nguyên | Tàiyuán (Template:Zhi) | Translation | Great plain | Thái Nguyên (太原) | Vietnamese | The Chinese name of Thai Nguyen is identical to a city in mainland China, Taiyuan. |
The vast majority of place names in Vietnam are Sino-Vietnamese (except for those derived from other minority languages of Vietnam). Most villages in the Red River Delta have both a Sino-Vietnamese name and a 'native' Vietnamese name, although in most cases it is the Sino-Vietnamese name that is retained for naming administrative divisions.
Yemen[edit]
 Yemen Yěmén (Template:Zhi)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Yèmén (Template:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Sanaa | Sànà (Template:Zhi) | Transcription | Sana'a | Standard Arabic | |
International bodies of water[edit]
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Amazon River | Yàmǎxùn Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Amazon River | |
| Arabian Sea | Ālābó Hǎi | Translation-transcription mix | Arab(ian) Sea | |
| Arctic Ocean | Běibīng Yáng | Translation | North(ern) Ice Ocean | |
| Atlantic Sea | Dàxīyáng | Translation | Great West(ern) Ocean | The Chinese translation differs from the European names of the ocean, which are named after the fictional city of Atlantis. |
| Baltic Sea | Bōluódìhǎi | Translation-transcription mix | Baltic Sea | |
| Black Sea | Hēihǎi | Translation | Black Sea | |
| Danube River | Duōnǎo Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Donau River | The Chinese name for the river is based on the German name, Donau. |
| Dead Sea | Sǐhǎi | Translation | Dead Sea | |
| East China Sea | Dōnghǎi | Translation | East Sea | |
| Indian Ocean | Yìndùyáng | Translation-transcription mix | India(n) Ocean | |
| Jordan River | Yuēdàn Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Jordan River | |
| Mekong River | Méigōng Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Mekong River | |
| Mediterranean Sea | Dìzhōnghǎi | Translation | Earth Center Sea | |
| Nile River | Níluó Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Nile River | |
| Pacific Ocean | Tàipíng Yáng | Translation | Wide Calm Ocean | |
| Persian Gulf | Bōsī Wān | Translation-transcription mix | Persia(n) Gulf | |
| Rhine River | Láiyīn Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Rhine River | |
| Sea of Japan | Rìběn Hǎi | Translation | Japan(ese) Sea | |
| South China Sea | Nánhǎi | Translation | South Sea | |
International landmarks and regions[edit]
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Alps | Ā'ěrbēisī Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Alp Mountain Range | |
| Amazon Rainforest | Yàmǎxùn Rèdài Yǔlín | Translation-transcription mix | Amazon Tropical Rainforest | |
| Andes Mountains | Āndìsī Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Andes Mountain Range | |
| Annamite Range | Ānnán Shānmài
(安南山脉) |
Translation | Annam Mountain Range | |
| Balkans | Bā'ěrgàn Bàndǎo | Translation-transcription mix | Balkan Peninsula | |
| Baltic states | Bōluódìhǎi Guójiā | Translation-transcription mix | Baltic Countries | |
| British Isles | Bùlièdiān Zhūdǎo (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | British Archipelago | |
| Caribbean Islands | Jiālèbǐ Qúndǎo | Translation-transcription mix | Caribbean Archipelago | |
| Central Asia | Zhōngyà (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Central Asia | |
| East Asia | Dōngyà (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | East Asia | |
| Eurasia | Ōuyà Dàlù | Translation-transcription mix | Eurasia(n) Mainland | |
| Himalayas | Xǐmǎlāyǎ Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Himalaya Mountain Range | |
| Middle East | Zhōngdōng | Translation | Middle East | |
| Xīyǎ (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | West Asia | ||
| Latin America | Lādīng Měizhōu | Translation-transcription mix | Latin America(n) (Continent) | |
| Rocky Mountains | Luòjī Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Falling Base Mountain Range | The Chinese word Template:Zhi literally means "falling base", but the pronunciation, luòjī, is an approximate transcription of the English word "rocky" |
| Scandinavia | Sīkāndìnàwéiyǎ Bàndǎo | Translation-transcription mix | Scandinavia(n) Peninsula | |
| Sahara Desert | Sǎhālā Shāmò | Translation-transcription mix | Sahara Desert | |
| South Asia | Nányà (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | South Asia | |
| Southeast Asia | Dōngnányà (Template:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Southeast Asia | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | Sǎhālā Yǐnán Fēizhōu | Translation-transcription mix | Africa South of Sahara | |
| Ural Mountains | Wūlā'ěr Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Ural Mountain Range | |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 "Pinyin Places". pinyinplaces.com. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Qian, Jīnghuá (29 June 2020). "Chinatown: Melbourne is the Australian City With a Chinese Heart". Culture Trip. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
- ↑ "巴西利亚". 巴西利亚 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-28.
- ↑ "里约热内卢". 里约热内卢 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ↑ "亚历山大". 亚历山大 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ↑ "Google地图". Google地图 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-12.
- ↑ "柏林". 柏林 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-12.
- ↑ "科隆". 科隆 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-12.
- ↑ "汉堡". 汉堡 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-12.
- ↑ "慕尼黑". 慕尼黑 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-12.
- ↑ "海地". 海地 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-28.
- ↑ "冰岛". 冰岛 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-28.
- ↑ Eresen, Erik. "Menelusuri Sejarah Dari Nama Tionghoa Kota-Kota Di Indonesia" (in Bahasa Indonesia). Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-06-29. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 14.0 14.1 "15 Kota di Indonesia dalam Bahasa Mandarin" (in Bahasa Indonesia).
- ↑ "永珍". 永珍 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-08-11.
- ↑ "华沙". 华沙 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-28.
- ↑ "加的夫". 加的夫 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ↑ "Google地图". Google地图 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ↑ "约克". 约克 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ↑ "Google地图". Google地图 (in 中文). Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ↑ Hua, Vanessa (2004-06-27). "THE NEW GOLD MOUNTAIN". SFGate. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
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